DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to our parents and our teachers who have been with us all this
time, their support, love and encouragement have helped us to complete this work and
we hope to continue it.

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Dated: ____________________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
1.3 AIMS 1
1.4 OBJECTIVES 1
1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2
1.6 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH WORK 2
1.7 THESIS LAYOUT 2

CHAPTER 2 POWER FACTOR AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION 4
2.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POWER AND HARMONICS 5
2.3 POWER FACTOR MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 6
2.3.1 Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method 6
2.3.2 Using Moving Coil Meter 6
2.3.3 Using Digital Meters 6
2.4 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION TECHNIQUE 7
2.4.1 Using Shunt Capacitors 7
2.4.2 Shunt Condenser 7
2.4.3 Power Electronic Based Power Factor Correction 8
2.5 DEMERITS OF LOW POWER FACTOR 10
2.6 LITERATURE REVIEW 10

CHAPTER 3 REVIEW ON VARIOUS DC-DC CONVERTERS

3.1 STEP-DOWN BUCK POWER CONVERTER 13

3.2 STEP-UP BOOST POWER CONVERTER. 14

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3.3 BUCK-BOOST POWER CONVERTER 16

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CHAPTER 4 HARMONICS
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO HARMONICS 18
4.2 HISTORY OF HARMONICS 18
4.3 SOURCES OF HARMONICS 19
4.4 REPRESENTATION OF HARMONICS 19
4.5 FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF HARMONICS 19
4.6 HARMONICS DUE TO APPLIANCES AND IEC LIMITS 20
4.7 IEC 61000 CLASS C LIMITS 21
4.8 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION 22

CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, RESULTS AND SIMULATION

5.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23

5.2 ANALYZATION 23
5.2.1 CASE NO 1 25
5.2.2 CASE NO 2 26
5.3 RESULTS OF PROPOSED TOPOLOGY AT DIFFERENT VALUES
OF VOLTAGES 28
5.4 SIMULATION METHODS 33

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 CONCLUSION 39
6.2 RECOMMENDATION 39
6.3 FUTURE SCOPE 39

REFERENCES 40

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 2.1 Voltage and current waveforms at different loads

Fig 2.2 Distorted wave
Fig 2.3 Phasor and circuit diagram of shunt capacitor
Fig 2.4 Phasor and circuit diagram of shunt capacitor
Fig 2.5 Inverted boost converter PFC
Fig 2.6 UC3854 based buck PFC converter
Fig 3.1 Buck power converter circuit diagram
Fig 3.2 Average output result waveform of converter
Fig 3.3 Average output current result of converter
Fig 3.4 Circuit diagram of boost power converter
Fig 3.5 Output voltage waveform
Fig 3.6 Output current waveform
Fig 3.7 Circuit diagram of buck boost power converter
Fig 3.8 Result of output voltage waveform of converter
Fig 3.9 Result of output current waveform of converter
Fig 4.1 Harmonic in string
Fig 4.2 Harmonics representation in Fourier graph and mathematical
Fig 4.3 Different Harmonics waves
Fig 5.1 CRM buck converter
Fig 5.2 CRM buck converter input current
Fig 5.3 Analysis of input power factor and harmonics
Fig 5.4 Proposed topology to improve the input PF
Fig 5.5 Circuit position when Q1 is turned ON
Fig 5.6 Position of circuit when Q2 is turned ON
Fig 5.7 Analysis of input current of buck fly-back converter
Fig 5.8 Analysis of harmonics of proposed buck fly-back converter
Fig 5.9 Results of voltage and current from input at 115v
Fig 5.10 Power factor comparison of two converters
Fig 5.11 Result at 230v

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Fig 5.12 Harmonics at 90v
Fig 5.13 Result at 115v
Fig 5.14 Results of voltage and current from output at 90v
Fig 5.15 Result at 230v
Fig 5.16 Clear waveform result
Fig 5.17 Clear waveform in buck power mode
Fig 5.18 Different efficiencies at different voltages
Fig 5.19 MATLAB initial screen
Fig 5.20 Simulink Icon on initial screen of MATLAB
Fig 5.21 Simulink screen
Fig 5.22 Blank Model icon in Simulink
Fig 5.23 Blank Model of Simulink
Fig 5.24 Simulink library screen
Fig 5.25 Component screen of Simulink
Fig 5.26 IC Model in Simulink
Fig 5.27 Simulink model of Simulink
Fig 5.28 Snapshot of simulation while running
Fig 5.29 Voltage waveform
Fig 5.30 Current value

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 ABSTRACT

Nowadays power electronic technology has bought the revolution in the field of
electrical/electronic engineering due to which it is being widely used in various types
of modern equipment’s which has made our life easier, simpler and luxurious.
However, this technology is based on the solid-state devices due to which the shape of
input current is distorted. So the industries have built various standards such as
IEC61000-3-2 limit and IEEE 519. Therefore, various types of power factor
correction (PFC) converters are put forward in the literature to improve the shape of
distorted current and the buck converter is one of them. It has the major advantage of
maintaining high efficiency in universal input voltage range. However, the inherent
dead zone introduces a large harmonic distortion in the average input current,
resulting in a low power factor (PF) and high total harmonic distortion (THD). A
constant on-time controlled boundary conduction mode (BCM) buck-flyback
converter is introduced in this paper. It can achieve low input current THD and high
PF. The operating principle of the traditional and proposed converter is discussed, and
the effectiveness of proposed topology is evaluated by simulation results.

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