contents

Forewordxiii
Acknowledgmentsxvii

CHAPTER 1

Functional Dimensioning 1
Introduction2
Functional Dimensioning 2
Benefits of Functional Dimensioning 3
Exercise 1-1 4

CHAPTER 2

Form Controls 7
Introduction8
Flatness8
Flatness Refining Note 8
Flatness per Unit Basis (Area) 8
The CONTINUOUS FEATURE Note 10
Straightness11
Straightness per Unit Basis (Length) 11
Circularity11
Average Diameter 12
Cylindricity12
Exercise 2-1 13

CHAPTER 3

Overview of the Datum System 15

Overview of the Datum System 16
When to Use the Datum System 16
Common Misconceptions About the Datum System 18
Common Errors in Datum System Application 20

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Unrepeatable Datum References 21

Implied Datum Sequence 24
Meaningless Datum Specifications 26
Exercise 3-1 29
WHEN TO USE DATUMS 29
Exercise 3-2 30
Exercise 3-3 32

CHAPTER 4

Additional Datum Feature Types 33

Introduction34
Definition of Pattern 34
Additional Datum Feature Types 34
1.  Offset Planar Surfaces as Datum Features 35
The Datum Reference Frame 35
Degrees of Freedom Constrained 35
2. Coplanar Widths as Datum Features 36
The Datum Reference Frame 36
Degrees of Freedom Constrained 38
3. Pattern of Irregular Features of Size (Type B) as a Datum
Feature38
The Datum Reference Frame 38
Degrees of Freedom Constrained 39
4. Screw Threads as Datum Features 39
5. Gears and Splines as Datum Features 41
6. Temporary and Permanent Datum Features 41
Example of Temporary and Permanent Datum Features 41

Exercise 4-1 43
Exercise 4-2 44
Exercise 4-3 45
Exercise 4-4 47
Exercise 4-5 48

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CHAPTER 5

Complex Datum Feature Types 51

Introduction52
1.  Irregular Feature of Size as a Datum Feature 52
The Datum Reference Frame and Degrees of Freedom Constrained 53
Degrees of Freedom Constrained 54
2. Multiple Irregular Features of Size 54
The Datum Reference Frame 54
Degrees of Freedom Constrained 54
3. Multiple Skewed Surfaces as a Datum Feature 55
The Datum Reference Frame 55
Degrees of Freedom Constrained 56
4. Multiple Skewed Cylinders 56
The Datum Reference Frame 58
Degrees of Freedom Constrained 58
Exercise 5-1 58

CHAPTER 6

Customized Datum Reference Frame (CDRF)

and the Translation Modifier 61
Introduction62
Link Example 62
Overview of Datum Precedence with Secondary and Tertiary
Datum Features Referenced at RMB 62
The Datum Translation Symbol 64
Customized Datum Reference Frame 65
Example A: CDRF Used to Release DOF of Primary Datum
Feature66
Example B: CDRF Used to Release DOF of Secondary Datum
Feature68
Exercise 6-1 69

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CHAPTER 7

Datum Target Overview and

Expanded Concepts 71
Introduction72
Datum Target Requirements for Repeatable Measurements 72
Datum Targets and Part Function 72
Other Datum Target Usage Considerations 74
Nonrigid and Unbalanced Applications 75
Irregular or Complex Contour Datum Features 75
Partial Datum Features 76
Fixed and Movable Datum Targets 76
Datum Targets on Cylindrical Multiple Features 78
Exercise 7-1 81
Exercise 7-2 82
Exercise 7-3 84
Exercise 7-4 86

CHAPTER 8

Rigid and Nonrigid Parts 89

Introduction90
Definitions90
Nonrigid Part Features 92
Exercise 8-1 92

CHAPTER 9

Tolerancing Nonrigid Parts 95

Introduction96
Tolerancing Nonrigid Parts 96
Restraining Strategies 96

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Restraint Conditions 97
Restraint Notes 98
Use of the Free-State Symbol 99
Inspecting Nonrigid Parts 102
Exercise 9-1 102

CHAPTER 10

Datum Target Usage on Restrained Parts 105

Datum Targets on a Restrained Nonrigid Part 106
Datum Feature Shift on Restrained Parts 107
Exercise 10-1 109

CHAPTER 11

Simultaneous and Separate Requirements 111

Introduction112
Simultaneous and Separate Requirements 112
Simultaneous Requirements Apply in Three Cases 112
Effects of Simultaneous Requirements 114
How to Specify Separate Requirements 116
Simultaneous Requirement Exception 118
Exercise 11-1 119

CHAPTER 12

Multiple Single-Segment Position Tolerancing 121

Introduction122
Multiple Single-Segment Profile Tolerancing Explanation,
Uses, and Advantages 122
The Five Multiple Single-Segment Position Tolerance Rules 127
Exercise 12-1 127

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CHAPTER 13

Composite Position Tolerancing 131

Introduction132
Composite Profile Tolerancing Explanation, Uses, and
Advantages132
Three-Segment Composite Position Applied to a Pattern of
Two Holes 133
When to Use Composite Position Tolerancing 137
Composite Position Tolerance Application Variations 139
Nine Rules of Composite Position Tolerancing 141
Advantages of Composite Position Tolerancing 142
Exercise 13-1 142

CHAPTER 14

Profile Tolerances 145

Introduction146
Common Misconceptions about Profile 146
Misconception #1: Profile of a Line Should Be Used on Thin
Parts146
Misconception #2: Profile Tolerances Are More Restrictive
Than Coordinate Tolerances 146
Misconception #3: Profile Tolerances Should Only Be Used
on Complex Part Requirements 148
Five Profile Applications 149
Applying Profile to Complex Features 149
Geometric Characteristics Affected by Profile 152
Converting a Coordinate Toleranced Drawing to Profile
Tolerances153
Profile Control with Self-Datum Reference 154
Coplanar and Offset Surfaces Applications 155
NON-UNIFORM Profile Application 155
Profile Combined with Other Geometric Controls 157
Profile with Datum Feature Reference at MMB 159

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Exercise 14-1 160

Exercise 14-2 162
Exercise 14-3 164
Exercise 14-4 165
Exercise 14-5 167

CHAPTER 15

Simultaneous and Separate Requirements

with Profile169
Introduction170
When a Simultaneous Requirement Applies 170
How to Specify a Separate Requirement 172
Exercise 15-1 175

CHAPTER 16

Multiple Single-Segment Profile Tolerancing 177

Introduction178
Multiple Single-Segment Profile Tolerancing Explanation,
Uses, and Advantages 178
The Five Multiple Single-Segment Profile Tolerance Rules 182
Exercise 16-1 182

CHAPTER 17

Composite Profile Tolerancing 185

Introduction186
Composite Profile Tolerancing Explanation, Uses, and
Advantages186
Composite Profile Application Examples 186
Composite Profile FCF Variations 190
Seven Rules of Composite Profile Tolerancing 193
Advantages of Composite Profile Tolerancing 194
Exercise 17-1 194

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