MODULE 3

LEARNING MODULE
BLENDED FLEXIBLE LEARNING
Transportation Management (TMPC 111)

AN OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

Can you imagine how difficult it would be to carry hundreds and thousands
of tons if there is no water transport to transport it? You can’t. You can use other
means of traveling if there is no water transport in a country but you just can’t
find a cheaper alternative if air and land transportation is already full. We can
consider water transport is one of the pillars stone of the economy and trading
for any country and if you remove it, the country’s economy will face huge loss
and it may not be able to survive for a while after that. How about the tourists?
What is its importance to them? You will know in the upcoming lessons. We will
discuss water transportation

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. To recognize the role of water transportation in tourism development.
2. To identify the history of water transportation.
3. To understand how water transportation is categorized.
4. To memorize the different ports or piers in the Philippines.
5. To compare the different water transport operators in the Philippines.

LEARNING RESOURCES

Pearson Education South Asia Pte, Ltd., (2019) Tourism Principles and Practice,
Pearson Education South Asia Pte, Ltd, Singapore

LEARNING INPUTS

LESSON 9 HISTORY OF WATER TRANSPORTATION

History of Water Transportation

Ancient History
In ancient maritime history, the first boats are presumed to have been
dugout canoes, developed independently by various stone age populations, and
used for coastal fishing and travel. A dugout or dugout canoe is a boat made from a
hollowed tree trunk.

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 Of ancient origin, the dugout is still used in many parts of the world, including
Dominica, Venezuela, and Melanesia. The dugout is streamlined outside for
maneuverability and is dug out by burning, chipping, and scraping to make it both
strong and buoyant enough for its intended cargo.

4000 B.C

The Egyptians didn't build roads to travel around their empire. They didn't
need to. Nature had already built them a superhighway right through the middle of
their empire called the Nile River. 

Most of the major cities in Ancient Egypt were located along the banks of the Nile
River. As a result, the Egyptians used the Nile for transportation and shipping from
very early on. They became experts at building boats and navigating the river. 

2500 B.

In early modern India and Arabia the latin sail ship known as the dhow was used on
the waters of the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Persian Gulf. Dhow is the generic name
of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with lateen sails
used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. Historians are divided as to whether
the dhow was invented by Arabs.

1550 BC TO 3OO BC

The Phoenicians were the greatest traders in the ancient world. The Phoenicians

from ancient civilization or Kanan, (Lebanon and Syria) used the manpowered sailing
vessel to travel, trade and fight. They were highly skilled shipbuilders and sailors built
strong and fast sailing vessels to carry their goods. They learned how to navigate and
how to use the North Star to sail at night. It is possible that they even sailed as far as
Britain and around the southern tip of Africa.

Furthermore, to fight off pirates who often harassed trading ships, the
Phoenicians designed special warships to accompany their trading fleets.

1100 A.D

Viking Longboats (Northern Europe, they were used as fighting 1000A.D.)

These ships used 60 men to row the ship. They are long and narrow allowing them to
travel in the open sea including rivers. Chinese junks were used as battle and
transport ships.

18147

Crossing the Atlantic in the 18th century, or before, was a very extended,
hazardous, and rather slap-dash system. You simply booked passage on a ship, which
was a freighter, basically. There were no purpose-built passenger ships. And the ship
would leave when it had a full cargo. So you know, you might say, "We're leaving in

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early April," and then it might be, you know, April 17th or April 22nd before they
finally said, "Okay, we're ready to go."

And a bunch of New Yorkers who had a lot of business in Europe didn't like that.
And so they founded what was called the Blackball line in 1817. And these were
package ships that were built for passengers, not for cargo. And they left every two
weeks. And they left on that day. They said they were leaving on April 18th. Well,
April 18th was when they set sail. And again, it was an immediate hit. And other
people started doing this. This idea of a passenger ship was a brand new concept. It
never existed before 1817.

1819

The first steam ships were created using steam and wind to cross the Atlantic.
The first successful steam-powered vessels were built for use on canals and rivers in
the early 1800s.

The era of the steamboat began in Philadelphia in 1787 when John Fitch (1743–

1798) made the first successful trial of a 45-foot (14-meter) steamboat on the
Delaware River on 22 August 1787, in the presence of members of the United States
Constitutional Convention.

1910

Coal burning ships were replaced by oil instead of steam. The first commercial
diesel-powered vessels were built in 1904. Petit Pierre, a French canal boat 125-foot
long, had a 25-hp engine with a variable pitch propeller for reversing. This barge-like
vessel was used exclusively in the protected inland waters of the Marne-Rhine canal.

1959

The first nuclear powered cargo ship was created. It was able to sail for 3 ½
years without refueling.

Savannah was a signature element of President Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace

program. She was constructed as a joint project of the former Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC) and the Maritime Administration. She operated from 1962 to
1965 in experimental service, at which time the AEC issued her commercial
operating license number NS-1. Savannah continued in demonstration service as a
cargo ship until 1970 when she ended her active career. She was defueled in 1971
and her reactor made permanently inoperable in 1975-76. About 95% of the power
plant is intact and remains onboard ship. 

1990s

The Prinzessin Victoria Luise was the world’s first cruise ship. Cruise Ship History
and Cruising The Past – The Prinzessin Victoria Luise was the world’s first cruise ship.
Built for the Hamburg America Line, she was launched on June 29, 1900 and served
as a cruising passenger ship until December 16, 1906 after being accidentally
grounded off Jamaica.

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 LESSON 10 CATEGORIES OF WATER TRANSPORTATION

Types of Water Transport

A. Inland water transport

Inland Waterways comprise of rivers, canals and lakes. It is also known

as internal water transport. Rivers that are naturally navigable are called natural
waterways. Canals and canalized rivers belong to the category of ‘Artificial
Waterways’. Generally small boats and steamers are operated on rivers to transport
people and goods. Where rivers are deep enough, large ships can also ply on them.
Canals are man- made waterways, constructed for the twin purposes of navigation
and irrigation.

B. Ocean Water Transport

Ocean waterways carry a lot of the world’s trade, majority of the bulky goods,
materials and passengers pass through ocean waterways from one country to
another at the cheapest cost. Various forms of vessels sail in the high seas. Some of
these vessels include:

a. The passenger Liners: these vessels carry mainly passengers, mails and highly
valued goods. However, these types of vessel operate on schedules routes.

b. The Cargo Liner: these vessels combined freight with passengers; they also
keep to scheduled routes like the passenger liners. Cargo liners are well
suited for the transportation of perishable goods because of the provision of
in built refrigerators in most of them.

MAJOR TYPES/EXAMPLES OF WATER TRANSPORTATION

1. Cruise ship - is a luxury vessel that is used to take passengers on a pleasure

voyage in a journey that is as much a part of the experience as the various
destinations on the way.

2. Yacht - a small, streamlined sailing or motor-driven vessels used for pleasure

cruises, racing or other commercial purposes.

3. Boat – it is a watercraft of any size designed to float or plane, to work or travel

on water. Small boats are typically found on inland (lakes) or in protected
coastal areas.
Boats can be categorized into the following main types:

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 a. Unpowered or human-powered boats: Unpowered boats include rafts
and floats meant for one-way downstream travel. Human-powered boats
include canoes, kayaks, and gondolas.
b. Bangkas: small boats for hopping between islands situated in close
proximity to one another. Considered the taxis of the sea,
motorized bangkas are called 'pumpboats'. Tickets are purchased at the
jetty or dock before departure.
c. Sailboats: these are boats propelled solely by means of sails.
d. Motorboats: these are propelled by mechanical means, such as engines.

4. Ferry – it is a boat that transports passengers, goods and vehicles, usually

across rivers or short stretches of sea.
a. Double-ended- ferries: they have interchangeable bows and sterns,
allowing them to shuttle back and forth between two terminals without
having to turn around.
b. Fastcraft: fast means of transport between big islands usually in the form
of a modern, air-conditioned, catamaran. Tickets are purchased at the
dockside before departure.
c. ROROs: Roll On, Roll Off are vessels that are used to carry wheeled cargo.
However, there are also beds and seats for passengers.
d. Pontoon ferries: they carry vehicles across rivers and lakes and are widely
used in less-developed countries with large rivers where the cost of
bridge construction is prohibitive.
e. Train ferry: it is designed to carry railway vehicles. Typically, one level of
the ship is fitted with railway tracks, and the vessel has a door at the front
and/or rear to give access to the wharves.
f. Foot ferries: they are small craft used to ferry foot passengers, and often
also cyclists, over rivers. These are either self-propelled craft or cable
ferries

5. Riverboat - a boat with a shallow draft, designed for use on rivers.

6. Ship – it is a large buoyant watercraft. Ships are generally distinguished from

boats based on size, shape, and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used
on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of
people or goods, fishing, entertainment, public safety, and warfare.

LESSON 11 TYPES, PORTS OF WATER TRANSPORTATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

PORTS AND HARBORS

The main gateway to the Philippines through the sea is Port of Manila. The Port
of Manila is the busiest seaport in the Philippines. The Port of Manila, located on the
southeastern shores of Manila Bay, is the country's primary international gateway
for shipping. It is made up of three areas: Manila North, Manila South, and Manila.
Manila North Harbor is located in the Tondo District of Manila. The Port of Manila

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North Harbor is the biggest and primary port in the Philippines for domestic cargoes.
The multi-purpose terminal in the Port of Manila's North Harbor is used to handle
general and containerized cargo and passengers.

The Manila North Harbour Port Inc. was organized under national laws to
operate the Port of Manila North Harbor. It is a joint venture between the country's
biggest bulk and break-bulk port operator, Harbour Centre Port Terminal Inc., and
Petron Corporation, an industry leader in the oil and fuel sectors.

The Port of Manila South Harbor is operated by Asian Terminals Inc. (ATI), a
publicly-listed port investor, operator, and developer in the Philippines. It operates
on the container and domestic terminals and provides general stevedoring services.
It is also where the Eva Macapagal Super Terminal, the country's newest and largest
passenger terminal is located. It covers 2878 square meters (almost 31 thousand
square feet) and can accommodate the largest passenger vessels. This Port of Manila
passenger terminal is open all day every day to serve inter-island travelers with an
air-conditioned 1700-seat lounge with fast food outlets, water, televisions, public
telephones, clean restrooms, and a clinic. It is the landing point for small craft
serving ships, crews, harbor pilots, customs and quarantine officers, and ship agents.
The terminal also serves passengers traveling between vessels at the anchorage and
the Port of Manila.

OTHER CITIES WITH BUSTLING PORTS AND PIERS:

A. Bacolod K. Lucena
B. Batangas City L. Puerto Princesa
C. Cagayan de Oro M. San Fernando
D. Cebu N. Subic
E. Davao O. Zamboanga
F. Butuan P. Cotabato
G. Iligan Q. Allen
H. Iloilo R. Ormoc
I. Jolo S. Ozamis
J. Legazpi T. Tagbilaran

Most of these terminals comprise the Strong Republic Nautical Highway, a

nautical system conceptualized under the term of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
where land vehicles can use the RO-RO ship service traverses the different islands of
the country at minimal costs.

RIVER FERRIES

• Pasig River Ferry Service – cruises the historical river of the Philippines “Pasig
River” from Plaza Mexico, Intramuros, Manila to Barangay Kalawaan Sur,
Pasig City.

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(Don’t forget to answer the Self – Check Question 3.3 and Activity 3.3!)

LESSON 12 WATER TRANSPORT OPERATORS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. 2GO Travel

2GO Group, Inc. (2GO) was formed and organized in May 26, 1949 under the
corporate name William Lines, Inc. On December 21, 1995, William Lines, Inc., Carlos
A. Gothong Lines, Inc., and Aboitiz Shipping Corporation consolidated their resources
and expertise and marked the birth of William, Gothong & Aboitiz, Inc. (WG&A).
Then on February 4, 2004, WG&A changed its corporate name to Aboitiz Transport
System Corporation as a result of the buyout made by Aboitiz Equity Ventures, Inc.
of the Chiongbian and Gothong holdings in WG&A in 2002. The Securities and
Exchange Commission approved a subsequent change of the corporate name to the
present one on March 9, 2012.

2GO is engaged in the movement of people operating under brand names "2GO
Travel" for passage business and "2GO Freight" for cargo business. The Company and
its subsidiaries provide shipping, logistics and distribution services to small and
medium enterprises, large corporations, and government agencies throughout the
Philippines. The shipping group operates ocean-going freighters, roll-on/roll-off
reight and passenger vessels (RORO/pax vessels), and fast ferry passenger vessels.
The logistics group offers transportation, warehousing and distribution, cold chain
solutions, domestic and international ocean and air forwarding services, customs
brokerage, project logistics, and express and last mile package and e-commerce
delivery. The distribution group leverages 2GO's shipping and logistics services to
provide value-added distribution services to principals and customers.

Effective January 1, 2019, NN was merged into 2GO, with 2GO as the surviving
entity, pursuant to the Articles of Merger as approved by the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC). As of December 31, 2019, 2GO and its subsidiaries have
a total fleet of 27 operating vessels, of which 23 are Company-owned ships. The fleet
consists of six fast crafts and five RORO/pax vessels.

2. Fastcat

Archipelago Philippine Ferries Corporation (APFC), a ferry company that operates

as FastCat, was founded to provide a vital maritime link between the Philippines’
7,107 islands. Since its incorporation in 2002, it has become a trusted shipping
company that owns and operates the Philippines’ first and only catamaran Roll-
on/Roll-off (RoRo) ferries, as well as modernized ports and terminals in the eastern
and western Philippine sea route. In support of the government’s Strong Republic

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Nautical Highway Project, and to facilitate the economical movement of people and
goods, APFC offers safe, fast, and convenient ferry service to the islands using state-
of-the-art RoRo vessels. These new vessels are the first ferries designed specifically
for Philippine water conditions.

3. Transasia

With its complement of ROPAX vessels, Trans-Asia Shipping Lines, Inc. is uniquely
positioned as a Cebu-based company with unsurpassed experience in the Visayas-
Mindanao area. Their operation, which employs more than 300 people, is one of the
leaders in the field of cargo handling, passage, and route development. The company
was incorporated on March 25, 1974, as Solar Shipping Lines, Inc. However, on
October 16, 1974, the company decided to change its corporate name to TRANS-
ASIA SHIPPING LINES, INC. with Julian G. Sy Sr. as its President and Chairman of the
Board of Directors. The company was then a key in the development of trade
between Cebu and Cagayan and Cebu and Butuan. Since then, they have developed
several ports in the Visayas and Mindanao, which are now centers of economic
activities.

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 MODULE 3
OUTPUT
Transportation Management ( TMPC 111 )
BSTM 1- A ( MW 08:00 – 09:00 )

NAME: COURSE & YEAR:

CLASS SCHEDULE: DATE SUBMITTED:
Interview a family member, a friend, or someone that has traveled using different
types of water transportation. Avoid face to face or close interaction. Use your
cellphone or any means of communication (text, or call) and online platforms
( Facebook, Instagram, Viber, Tiktok, etc.) to gather all the information needed in
this activity. Include any photo or proof about your interview.

Ask them to answer the following questions:

 Name of the tourist:

 Type of water transportation used:
 Name of the shipping company (optional):
 Travel Route:

 How was your experience?

 What are their different amenities and facilities offered?

 Will you recommend it to someone traveling on the same route? Considering

the speed, price, and level of comfortability.

 (For the student/interviewer) What have you learned in this interview?