No.

TITLE

"Competitive Tendering as a Contracting Mechanism for Subsidising Transport: The

1
Bus Experience"

"20 years of competitive tendering in the Norwegian bus industry – An analysis of

2
bidders and winning bids"

3 "Competitive Tendering for Bus Services: The Improved Adelaide Model"

"The Relationship Between Bus Contract Costs, User Perceived Service Quality and
4
Performance Assessment"

5 "The Effects of Competition in Swedish Local Bus Services"

6 "Tender evaluation and supplier selection methods in public procurement"

"Contract areas and service quality issues in public transit provision: Some thoughts
7
on the European and Australian context"

8 "Improving bus service reliability: The Singapore experience"

9 "Optimal bus transit route packaging in a privatized contracting regime"

10 "Service Quality Attributes Affecting Customer Satisfaction for Bus Transit"

11 "Perceived service quality in bus transit service: A structural equation approach"

12 "A position-based routing protocol for metropolitan bus networks"

13 "Mesoscopic Modeling of Bus Public Transportation"

"Customer perceptions of quality of service in public transport: Evidence for bus

14
transit in Scotland"

15 "Analysis of a new public-transport-service concept: Customized bus in China"

16 "An analysis of public bus transit performance in Indian cities"

17

18

19

20

21

22
23

24

25

26

27

28

29
 YEAR OF
AUTHOR JOURNAL
PUBLICATION

DA Hensher, IP Wallis 2005 Transport Economics and Policy

J. Aarhaug, N.
Fearnley, F.
2018 Transportation Economics
Gregersen, R.
Norseng

Wallis, Ian
2001 Bus Service Model
Bray, David

David A. Hensher 2014 Sustainable Transportation

Gunnar
Alexandersson,
1998 Transport Economics and Policy
Staffan Hultén and
Stefan Fölster

M.A. Bergman, S. Purchasing and Supply

2013
Lundberg Management

D.A. Hensher 2003 Public Transportation

W Leong, K Goh, S
2016 Transportation Economics
Hess, P Murphy

AshishNayan, David
2017 Transportation Policy and Practice
Z.W.Wang

L Eboli, G Mazzulla 2007 Public Transportation

J De Oña, R De Oña,
2013 Transport Policy
L Eboli, G Mazzulla

T Li, SK Hazra, W
2005 Public Transportation
Seah

O Cats, W Burghout, T
2010 Public Transportation
Toledo

C Morton, B Caulfield,
2016 Transport Policy
J Anable

T Liu, AA Ceder 2015 Transport Policy

MG Badami, M Haider 2007 Transport Policy and Practice

 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Competitive tendering (CT) is a popular mechanism for the provision of transport services where a major objective is the
containment of the cost to government of service provision

We also utilize the Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises (CRE) for structural developments in the bus industry.

The refinements to the Adelaide M odel secured greater interest from industry and keener pricing, which resulted in substantial
cost savings. The paper also summarises the impacts of the overall competitive tendering process on costs, services and
patronage.

This article develops a framework within which a cost–service quality relationship is quantified, and then implemented to
identify benchmark targets for cost efficiency improvements required to achieve a pre-defined service quality performance
target.

This paper shows that tendering has had a significant direct effect on costs, but no indirect effects on costs in regions without
competitive tendering could be detected.

We provide a simple theoretical framework, based on standard microeconomic theory, for tender evaluation (scoring and
weighing) and discuss the pros and cons of methods such as highest quality (beauty contest), lowest price and price-and-
quality-based evaluations.

This paper reviews the evolving arguments that promote a review of contract area sizes before recontracting and the positions
supporting the benefits of service quality-related issues such as an integrated fares policy.

Singapore embarked on a 2-year trial of a Bus Service Reliability Framework (BSRF) to improve en-route bus regularity and
reduce instances of bus bunching and prolonged waiting times

This study presents an optimization model as a methodology for the transit regulator (or a government authority) to design bus
transit route packages to be tendered out to contesting operators through competitive tendering (CT).

In this article a tool for measuring customer satisfaction in public transport is proposed. Specifically, a structural equation
model is formulated to explore the impact of the relationship between global customer satisfaction and service quality
attributes.
 This paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the quality of service perceived by users of a bus transit service. A
Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach is used to reveal the unobserved latent aspects describing the service and the
relationships between these aspects with the Overall Service Quality.

This paper proposes a new position-based routing protocol for such metropolitan bus networks, which makes use of street
information like street map and bus route information to identify a stable geographic route with high connectivity for data
delivery

This paper presents a transit simulation model designed to support evaluation of operations planning and control, especially in
the context of advanced public transportation systems.

This paper provides a detailed examination of a quality of service indicator utilised by the Scottish Government to assess the
opinions of passengers towards bus transport.

This service, providing advanced, personalized and flexible demand-responsive PT, is offered to specific clientele, especially
commuters.

The paper explores the factors that contribute to and affect efforts to improve this situation, based on an analysis of the
financial and operational performance of the public bus transit service in the four metropolitan centres and four secondary
cities.
 GAPS OF THE STUDY

There might be some concern that rejecting competitive tendering in favour of negotiated performance based quality contract
franchised service areas, when perhaps some re-arrangement of these areas would better achieve social goals from se

The CRE's usefulness is limited by frequent mergers and reorganizations of major actors and also by the fact that some opera
inaccurate industry codes

one of the main lessons of the Adelaide experience is that the success of CTC is not guaranteed.It is dependent on ‘getting it r
design.

The factors retained as most important by the overall samplewere the factors linked to regularity and punctuality of the runs.H
more qualitative aspects also influence users

No trace of indirect effects, spreading from areas that have been exposed to competition within a county to the country as a wh
This indicates that it is not sufficient to expose only some areas to competition.

A private buyer can select providers on the basis of reputation and can blacklist providers that do not meet expectations in non
but a public procurer has limited scope to use such mechanisms

Our limited experience in Adelaide was that there seemed to be little interest from tenderers in contracts with less th

LTA also announced that a new indicator, on-time adherence2, which is used to measure the punctuality of bus services, wil
frequency services.

It needed Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) to solve the Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) p

The major limitation of this research is that the experimental context is circumscribed, because the sample survey was add
category of users—students of a university campus.
 Only a total of 1200 surveys were collected, and two passengers’ statements about the Overall Service Qu

The suspension buffer contains only packets, whose deliveries were suspended due to the absence of a suitable

The capabilities of Mezzo as an evaluation tool of transit operations are demonstrated with an application to a real-world, hig
metropolitan Tel Aviv.

Results of the analysis suggest that attitudes regarding quality of bus service vary significantly across passenger groups, w
tendency to exhibit relatively negative opinions regarding the quality of the cabin environment with a similar finding observed in
who are looking after the home and family.

The unsuccessful implementation of CB in China demonstrates that this new PT service concept can't effectively meet the ev
needs of large populations nation-wide

the public bus transit service is inadequate, and unaffordable for the urban poor.