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12
GENERAL PHYSICS 1
QUARTER 1
Week 2.1

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment

Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

WRITTEN BY:
VICTORIO R. BROÑOLA JR.
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SUBJECT & Grade 12

QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 DAY __________________
GRADE/LEVEL Gen Physics 1 dd/mm/yyyy

TOPIC Acceleration in one dimension

8. Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform
LEARNING
acceleration in one dimension into a mathematical description
COMPETENCY
(STEM_GP12Kin-Ib12)
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the Learner’s
Activity and Assessment Sheets provided separately.

UNDERSTAND
Acceleration in One Dimension

How do we convert the verbal description of the physical situation involving

uniform motion into a mathematical description?

Mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with motion. It is divided into two divisions,
kinematic and dynamics.

What is the difference between Kinematics and Dynamics?

Basically, Kinematics describes the motion of an object without reference to the

amount of force. While Dynamics, is the study of the forces and their influence on the motion
of the object. Meaning, the amount of force is calculated to completely describe the motion of
the object. However, in this discussion, we will focus on the Kinematics perspective. For a
better comprehension about kinematics, we will try to understand concept of acceleration.

What is Acceleration?

An Acceleration is a term used to describe when the object is going fast or going
slow. The object is undergoing acceleration when there is change in velocity. The change in
velocity entirely depends on the three conditions,
1. Changed in direction
2. Changed in speed
3. Both direction and speed changed.
ACCELERATION

ACCELERATE DECELERATE

When the object is going fast, When the object is going slow,
having a positive acceleration in having a negative acceleration in
forward direction.) backward direction until it stops.

WRITTEN BY:
VICTORIO R. BROÑOLA JR.
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Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit change in time.

Mathematically, Where:
𝐶ℎ𝑎ℎ𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑉𝑓−𝑉𝑖
a= = (m/s2) a= acceleration (m/s2
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑓−𝑡𝑖
Vf = Final velocity (m/s)
Vi= Initial velocity (m/s)

It is important to note that sometimes moving objects tend to increase or decrease

its velocity by an equal amount in every equal time period. We call this type of motion as
uniform or constant acceleration. A very good example of this motion is the free-falling
objects.
If the moving object is having a uniform acceleration, the following three significant equations
in kinematics are of big help to you most especially in solving mathematical problems.

What are the three important equations in Kinematics?

1. Vf = Vi + at Where:
𝟏
2. X = Vi + 𝟐 at2 a= Acceleration (m/s2)
Vi = Initial Velocity (m/s)
3. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2ax Vf = Final Velocity (m/s)
t = Time (s)
X = Displacement (m)
You might be asking where these three equations came from. This time, let me show you
the derivation of these three equations.

From acceleration equation

𝑉𝑓−𝑉𝑖
a= , let ti be equal to zero, then the equation becomes
𝑡𝑓−𝑡𝑖

𝑉𝑓−𝑉𝑖
a= , to find Vf, cross multiply a & tf, or t then the equation becomes
𝑡𝑓
at = Vf - Vi, to find Vf transfer Vi to the other side and change its sign.

Vf = Vi + at eqn. 1.

From the average velocity equation

Where:

V= Velocity (m/s)
𝑋
V=𝑡 X = displacement (m)
t= time (s)
Note: The bar above the letter V indicates an average.

To find the average velocity

𝑉𝑓+𝑉𝑖
V = 2 aqn. a
Let us determine X from the average velocity equation.

X = V t, substitute eqn a to the average velocity.

X=(
𝑉𝑓+𝑉𝑖
2
)t , then substitute eqn 1 to V f

WRITTEN BY:
VICTORIO R. BROÑOLA JR.
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𝑉𝑖+𝑎𝑡+𝑉𝑖 2𝑉𝑖+𝑎𝑡
X=( 2
)t X=( 2
)t

Apply the distributive property, multiply t to the inner term. Then the equation becomes,

2𝑉𝑖𝑡+𝑎t2
X= 2
, since 2 is a common denominator, then we can separate the fraction.
2𝑉𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑡2
X= 2
+ 2
, then cancel 2 from the first term. Therefore, the equation becomes

𝟏
X = Vit + 𝟐 at2 eqn 2.

From displacement equation again,

X=V t

From equation 1, find the equation for t.

𝑉𝑓−𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑓+𝑉𝑖
Vf = Vi + at , t= , Vf = Vi + at & V = , then substitute these to the
𝑎 2
displacement equation.

𝑉𝑓+𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑓−𝑉𝑖
X= V t X = ( 2 )( 𝑎 ), the equation is in the form of the sum and the difference
of two squares, therefore the inner product is zero. So, the equation becomes

𝑉𝑓2−𝑉𝑖2
X= , to determine Vf2, cross X and 2a, finally the equations becomes
2𝑎

Vf2 = Vi2 + 2aX eqn 3.

Let us now apply the concepts we learned through sample problems.

1. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for a
distance of 110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.
Given:
Vi = 0 (from rest) X = 110 m t = 5.21 s
Required: Acceleration (a)
Solutions: Vi = 0 a=?

110 m
From equation 2.
X = Vi t + ½ at2, since Vi is zero, therefore the equation becomes
X = ½ at2, to find the acceleration, cross multiply X & 2.
at2 = 2X, divided by both sides by t2
2𝑋 2 (110𝑚) 220 𝑚
a= = (5.21 𝑠)2
= 27.14 𝑠/𝑠 = 8.11 m/s2 Answer
𝑡2

Starting from rest, the car accelerates at 8.11 m/s2 for 5.21 second to a
distance of 110m.

WRITTEN BY:
VICTORIO R. BROÑOLA JR.
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2. A truck is in motion at constant speed of 30 m/s. How many hours

will it take to travel in 34,853.9 m?
Given: V = 30m/s X = 34, 854.9 m Required: t
Solutions:
V = x/t t =X/V = 34,853.9 m/30 m/s
= 1, 161.80 seconds or 19.36 hours

A truck travels at constant speed of 30 m/s for 19.36 hours at a

distance of 34,853.9m.

SAQ 1 Can an object in motion have a zero acceleration? Justify your answer.
SAQ-2: Is it possible to have an accelerated motion with constant speed? Explain.

Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on the separate sheets provided.)

Directions: Solve the folowing problems involving uniform acceleration. Show your complete
solution and put your answer inside a box.

1. A bike accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 7.10 m/s over a distance of 35.4 m.
Determine the acceleration of the bike.

2. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the
Acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.

REMEMBER
 A uniform or constant acceleration in one dimension is a vector quantity which
does not change with time. It also a type of motion in which the velocity of an object
changes by an equal amount in every equal time period. The best example of uniform
acceleration is that of an object in free fall in a uniform gravitational field such as in
the picture above.
 Mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with motion. It is divided into two divisions,
kinematic and dynamics.
 Basically, Kinematics deals with an object in motion without taking the amount force
that causes the object to be in motion into consideration. While dynamics, it describes
the effect of the force that causes the object in motion. Meaning, the amount of force
is calculated to completely describe the motion of the object. However, in this
discussion, we will focus on the kinematics perspective.
 ACCELERATION- a change in velocity per unit in time. Which is classified into two.
ACCELERATE- When the object is going fast, having a positive acceleration in
forward direction.
DECELERATE - When the object is going slow, having a negative acceleration
in backward direction until it stops
 Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit change in time.

WRITTEN BY:
VICTORIO R. BROÑOLA JR.
 5

𝐶ℎ𝑎ℎ𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑉𝑓−𝑉𝑖

 Mathematically, a= 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 𝑡𝑓−𝑡𝑖
(m/s2)

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
(Answer on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment sheets.)

1. A bicyclist covers 60 miles between 2 pm and 4. What will be the acceleration of a car if
6 pm. What was his average speed? it has a constant velocity?
A. 15 mph A. zero
B. 30 mph B. increased
C. 45 mph C. reduced
D. 60 mph D. remained
E. Not enough information is given to be able E. not determined
to say.
5. An object moving in the +x direction
2. What average speed, most nearly, is required experiences an acceleration of +2.0 m/s2.
to run a mile (1.6 kIn), in 4 minutes? This means the object
A. 4.0 m/s A travels 2.0 m in every second.
B. 7.0 m/s B is traveling at 2.0 m/s.
C. 40.0 m/sec C is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s
D. 70 m/s every second.
E. 400m/s D. is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s
3. If we use plus and minus signs to indicate the every second.
directions of velocity and acceleration in one E. all of the above
dimension, in which of the following situations
does the object speed up?
A. Negative velocity and negative acceleration
B. Positive velocity and negative acceleration
C. Positive velocity and zero acceleration
D. Negative velocity and positive acceleration
E. none of the above.
Heller, Kenneth, and Patricia Heller. “Cooperative Problem Solving in
Physics: A User’s Manual.” Retrieved October 28, 2015. https://
www.aapt.org/Conferences/newfaculty/upload/coop-Problem-
Solving-Guide.pdf
Polya, Geroge. How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method.
REFERENCE/S Princeton university press, 2014.
Knight, R. (2007). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A tragic Approach
with Modern Physics [and Mastering Physics TM]. Pearson
Education.
Young, Hugh D., and Roger A. Freedman. University physics with modern
physics. Pearson Higher Ed. 2015.

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WRITTEN BY:
VICTORIO R. BROÑOLA JR.