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f/ d fo/ kul Hkk l hVksaokyk ft yk% Follow us on : Paramount Mission IAS
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 mÙkj çns'k esal oZ

çFke i {kh fogkj dh LFkki uk dh xbZ  mÙkj çns'k esamnZ
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j fnYYkh d ks r gl &ugl d j
oa ' k ( 1320&1413 , -Mh-) d h LFkki uk d h ft l ds fn; kAft l l sfnYYkh dh l Yrur dksHkkjh >Vdk yxk
ukSl Y qr ku FksArFkkfi ] eq
gEEkn rqxyd ds' kkl u dky j ' kh?kzgh 1412 , -Mh- esafnYYkh esar q
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kS
j lS
; n v kS
j
yksnhjkt kv ksadsgkFkksaesajghAfl da
nj yksnhds' kkl udky
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j ku x<+
oky esfp=kdy k d k d sUnz
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v kSj la d jh gks t krh gS ] ysfdu bl dh v i uh fo' ks"k l st kursFksA
fo' ks"krkv ksat Sl sfd }kj i j eNyh ds: i esa ] lq ugjs
 v kxj k d sfd y sd k fuekZ . k v d cj usdjk; k FkkA
Nrfj; ksaokysxq cn] ?kq
a ekonkj gkW y ] v kdZ sM eaMi ] Hkw fexr
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d{k ekuk t krk gS A dq N yksxksa us y• uÅ ' kS y h dh FkkA
v kykspuk dh gSfd osdsoy v U; ' kS fy; ksadk feJ.k gS
a  ckjgoha' kr kCnh dsv a
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, d ut j esa- - -
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ui q
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d gk t krk FkkA
v k/ q
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g cq
a
nsy k us>ka
l hd h
LFkki uk dh FkhA 1857 d k Lor a
=kr k l a
xzke v kS
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l h esay{ehckbZdk egy] egknso ea
fnj rFkk esga
nh  dydÙkk dsfudV fLFkr cS j di q
j dh 34ohans'kh l S fud
ckx v kt Hkh fo| eku gS
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l yhe fp' rh dsdkj.k i fo=k Hkwfe ekurk FkkA ckx i j xksy h pyk nhAea xy i ka Msdks8 v i zS y ] 1857
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xy l kezkT; dhjkt èkkuh bZ
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j esai Q
ka
l h i j p<+ k fn; k x; kA
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 v kxjk ( l hdjh) l si q
u%fnYyh jkt / kuh ' kkgt gk¡ }kjk dkjrwl ksadksNw usl seuk dj fn; k ft l l sØw ¼ vaxzst
i fjofrZ
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r dj v o/ dks fczfV' k Nkouh dsl S fudksausfonzksg dj fn; kA
l kezkT; esafeyk fy; k FkkA  1857 bZ- dsbl fonzksg l sl okZ
f/ d i zHkkfor {ks=k v oèk
 fl danjk esaeq
xy l ezkV v dcj usv i ukedcjk cuok; k v kS
j cq
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a
Fkk] ft l s1613 bZ
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ui q
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xzst ka
s, oaeq
xy ' kkl d ' kkg vkye f}rh;  v o/ dh csxe gt jr egy usy[ kuÅ esafonzksg dk
dschp ^bykgkckn dh l a f/ * gq
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e eukusdsfy, y[ kuÅ f' koi q
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l sbykgkckn LFkkuka
r fjr dj fn; k x; kA
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xzsl v kS
j eq
fLye yhx dk v f/ os'ku , d
mÙkj i zns'k d k v k/ q
fud d ky % l kFk y[ kuÅ esal Ei Uu gqv k FkkAbl h l Eesy u esai zfl ¼
 1861 esaf' ko n; ky l kgc usv kxjk esajk/ kLokehl Rla
x ^dkaxzsl&yhx l e>kSr k* gq
v kFkkAdkaxzsl dsbl v f/ os'ku
dh LFkki uk dh FkhA dh v è; {krk v afcdk pj.k et w enkj usdh FkhA
 Lokeh n; kua
n l jLorh us1875 esaeq
cbZesav k; Zl ekt
a  uoacj ] 1928 esa ^l kbeu deh' ku* dk y[ kuÅ essa
dh LFkki uk dh FkhA cfg"dkj fd; k x; k FkkA bl dk usrR̀o i a
- t okgjyky
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nqgfj' kpUnzusokjk.kl hl sdfo opu l q / k( 1867) usg: usfd; k FkkA
rFkk gfj' kpU nzeSxt hu ( 1872) dk i zd k'ku fd; k FkkA  1918 esaxkSj h'ka
d j feJ ba
nzukjk; .k f}osnh rFkk ekyoh;
usfdl kul Hkk dk xBu fd; k FkkA
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eksgEeMu , sa
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Vy fo| ky; * dk orZ
eku uke  l u~ 1923 esa fprja
t u nkl , oa eksrhyky usg: us
^v yhx<+eq
fLye fo' ofo| ky; * gS
A bykgkckn esaLojkt i kVhZdh LFkki uk dh FkhA
 lj lS
; n vgen [ kkauseq
l yekuksadh fLFkfr l q
/ kjusds  Hkkjrh; dE; q fuLV i kVhZdk i zFke l Eesy u i sfj; kj dh
fy, ^v yhx<+v ka
nksy u* pyk; k FkkA v è; {krk esafnl a
cj] 1925 esadkui q j esagqv k FkkA
 Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dka

xzsl dsmÙkj i zns'k esal u~1947 rd  la
;qDr i zka
r esay[ kuÅ dsl ehi orhZ{ks=kesal u~1920&22
dq
y 9 v f/ os'ku gq
, FksA dseè; fdl kuksadschp pys^, dk v ka nksy u* dk usrR̀o
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nksy u dsnkS
j ku xka
/ ht h dksi w
uk dsv kxk
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uSuh l sa
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r dscfy; kesaHkkjr NksM+ ksa
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si zcy t u l a?k"kZfNM+x; kAi fj.kkeLo: i
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LFkkfud i {kh {ks=k & i f' peh fgeky; & l ksgsy ok oU
; t ho v H; kj.;
i {kh vH; kj.; & yk[ k cgksl h v H; kj.; & lq
j l jksoj oU;t ho v H; kj.;
& uokcxa
t i {kh v H; kj.; & t ; i zd k' k ukjk; .k ( l q
j gkrky)
i {kh v H; kj.; %cfy; k
& v ks[kyk i {kh v H; kj.;
& dNq
v k oU;t ho v H; kj.;
& i Vuk i {kh v H; kj.;
& fot ; l kxj oU
; t ho v H; kj.;
& l keku v H; kj.;
VkbZ
xj fjt oZ & v eux<+(dkW
cZ
sV fjt oZ
) ] nq
/ ok]
& l el i q
j v H; kj.;
i hyhHkhr
& l ka
Mh i {kh v H; kj.;
& c[ khjk v H; kj.; t y ok; q, oaekS
le
& Fkjl kuk i {kh v H; kj.; ( / ukS
jh  mÙkj çns'k dh t yok; ql e' khrks".k m".k dfVca
/ h; gS
A
>hy)  xzh"e ½rqesaçns'kdsnf{k.khHkkx esav f/ d rki eku gksus
jk"Vªh; m| ku & nq
/ ok jk"Vªh; m| ku dk çeq [ k dkj.k ddZjs[kk dk ut nhd gksuk gS A
oU;t ho v H; kj.; & c[ khjk oU;t ho v H; kj.;  xzh"edky esaçns'kesapyusokyh' kq
"d i Nq
v ki ouksadks
& pUnzizHkk oU
; t ho v H; kj.; ywdgk t krk gSA
& MkW- Hkhej ko v EcsMd j i {kh  çns'k esacaxky dh [ kkM+
h okysekul w
u dksi w
okZdsuke
v H; kj.; l st kuk t krkgS
A
& gfLruki q
j oU
; t ho v H; kj.;  çns'k esaca
xky dh [ kkM+ hdsekul w
u dk ços'k i w
oZrFkk
& dS
ew
j oU;t ho v H; kj.; nf{k.k i w
oZfn' kk l sgksrk gS
A
& dkrjfu; k?kkV oU;t ho v H; kj.;  çns'kesagksusokyhl Eiw
. kZo"kkZdk75 l s85 çfr' kr o"kkZ
]
& fd' kui q
j oU
; t ho v H; kj.; ca
xky dh [ kkM+ h okysekul w u l sgksrh gS
A
mÙkj i zns'kd kHkw
xksy ] i ; kZ
 çns'k esal okZ
f/ d o"kkZi w
ohZeS
nku dsrjkbZ{ks=k esa Follow us on : Paramount Mission IAS
gksrh gS
A
 çns'k esa' khrdky v kS
j xzh"edky esapØokrh v kS
j t y h; l a
l k/ u , oaufn; k¡
la
oguh; o"kkZgksrhgS
A  çns'kdseS
nkuhHkkx esal ekUrj vi okg ra
=ki k; kt krkgS
A
 mn~ xe l zksrksadsv k/ kj i j çns'kesarhu çdkj dhufn; ka
eǹk , oa[ kfut i k; h t krh gS A
 Hkko
aj {ks=k dh eǹk da
d jhyh&i Fkjhyh gksrh gS
A  HkkxhjFkhv kS
j vydua
nkufn; ksadkfeyu nso ç; kx esagS
A
 xa
xkdsfo' kky eSnku dkfuekZ . kIyhLVkslhu ; xq l sv kt  dkyh dk mn~
xe LFky feyu fgeun esagS
A
rd ufn; ksadsfu{ksiksal sgq
v k gS
A  xk l sjkexa
xa xkck; hav ksj l s] dUukS
t dsi kl feyrhgS
A
 mÙkj çns'kesal cl sT; knkt y ks<+feêð
hdsi k; ht krhgS
A  xaxk mÙkj çns'k dsfct ukS
j ft ysesaços'k djrh gS, oa
fudkl cfy; k esagSA
 uohu , oaçkphu t yks<+eǹkdks[ kknj] cka
xj dsuke l s
 uk mÙkj çns'k dsi Q
; eq t kckn ( l gkjui q
S j ) esal oZ
çFke
t kuk t krk gS
A
ços'k djrh gS
A
 t yks<+eǹkdkfuekZ
. ki a
d ] dhpM+v kS
j ckywl sgq
v kgS
A
 xk çns'kdsdkykx<+( fct ukS
j kexa j ) i j l oZ
çFke ços'k
 t yks<+eǹk esai ksVk' k , oapw
uk ( jl k; u) dh çpq
j rk djrh gSA
jgrh gSA  ?kk?kj k ( djukyh) dk mn~
xe LFky eki pk pq
xksagS
a A
 t yks<+eǹkesai Q
kW
Li Q
ksjl ] ukbVªkstu , oat S
o rRo dhdeh
jgrhgS A çkÑfr d l a
i nk
 eǹk ds[ kfut ] t S
o i nkFkZ
] t y rFkk ok; qpkj çeq
[k  jkT; ds10 ft yksadks[ kfut ckgq
Y; {ks=k ?kksf"kr fd; k
?kVd gS
A
a x; kgS
A
 y o. kh; , oa{kkj h; eǹk dksl kekU;r%Ål j ; k ca
tj  mÙkj çns'kjkT; [ kfut fodkl fuxe dhLFkki uk1974
esadh x; h FkhA
; k dYyj ; k jsg dsuke l st kuk t krk gS
A
 jkT; esa; w
j sfu; e yfyri q
j esai k; k t krk gS
A
 foUè; ' kS
y ksadsVw
Vusl sy ky eǹk dk fuekZ
. k gq
v kA
 pwusi RFkj dsHka
Mkj esans'k esamÙkj çns'k dk nw
l jk
 çns'k esae#LFkyh; eǹk dq
N i f' peh ft yka
sesai k; h
t krh gS
A
a LFkku gSA
 yky] i jok] ekj] jkdj] rFkk Hkks.Vk v kfn cq

nsy [ ka
a Mdh  dka
p&ckywdsmRiknu esamÙkj çns'kdki gykLFkku gS
A
eǹk, agS
A
a  çns'k dsgehji q
j ft ysesaxzsiQ
kbV dsçek.k feysgS
A
a
 mÙkj çns'kesat yh; vi jnu l seǹkvi jnu vf/ d gksrk  çns'kdsfet kZ
iq
j dkdt jkgV o jksgrkl {ks=kpw
uki RFkj
gS
A dsfy, çfl ¼ gS A
 i j r v i j nu dks^fd l ku d h ekS
r * dgk t krk gS
A
 çns'k dk bVkok ft yk v oufydk v i jnu l sv f/ d ouLi fr l a
i nk
çHkkfor gS
A
 jkT; dsdq y ou {ks=k dk 97 çfr' kr [ kqy k] 31-70
 xzh"e ½rqesal okZ
f/ d ok; qv i jnu gksrk gS
A
çfr' kr l ?ku , oa11-30 çfr' kr l ?ku ou {ks=k gS
A
 i f' peh mÙkj çns'k] çns'k esaok; qvi jnu l sl okZ
f/ d
çHkkfor gSA  çns'k esal ksuHkæft ysdsdq
y {ks=ki Q
y dk 43 çfr' kr
, d ut j esa
----
ou {ks=k gS
A
 çns'kdsl ar jfonkl uxj ft ysesal cl sde Hkw
&Hkkx esa
 d i kl i Q
l y d h cq okbZ t w
u&t q
y kbZ v kS
j pq
ukbZ
ou {ks=k gS
A
v DVwcj&uoa
cj esadh t krh gS
A
 l okZ
f/ d ou çfr' kr okysi ka
p ft ys?kVrsØe esabl
çdkj gS a&l ksuHkæ] pa
nkS
y h] i hyhHkhr] fet kZ
iq
j v kS
j  ew
x v kS
a j yksfc; k t k; n dh i Q
l y gS
A
fp=kdw VA  çns'k esadi kl dh [ ksrh eq
[ ; r%: gsy [ ka
M {ks=k esadh
 l cl sde ou çfr' kr okysft ysHknksgh] l a
r dchj uxj] t krhgSA
eÅ] eS ui q
j h o nsofj; k gS
A
a  ckjkca
d hv i Q
he dh [ ksrh dsfy, çfl ¼ gS
A
 çns'kesav fr l ?ku ou {ks=k dkl okZ
f/ d {ks=ki Q
y [ khjh  xUuk mÙkj çns'k dk l okZ
f/ d udnh i Q
l y gS
A
ft ysdk gS A
ouLi fr v kS
j iQ
y
 [ kyqsou {ks=kdkl okZ
f/ d {ks=ki Q
y l ksuHkæft ysdkgS
A
 oP̀Nknu esans'k esamÙkj çns'k dk pkS
Fkk LFkku gS
A  mÙkj çns'k esa20 i Q
y i V~
Vh l a
pkfyr gS
A
a
 l kekU;r%mÙkj çns'kesam".kdfVcU/ h; ou i k; st krsgS

A
a  ya
xM+
k v ke eq
[ ; r%okjk.kl h esai S
nk gksrk gS
A
 çns'kesal kekft d okfudh; kstuk1976 esa' kq

: dhx; hA  uokc czka M dsuke l sçns'k esamRikfnr v ke dksv U;
çns'kksaesaçpkfjr fd; k t krk gS
A
 l kekft d okfudh' kCn dk l oZ
çFke ç; kxs csLVksck; us
fd; kA  v ka
oyk mRiknu dsfy, çrki x<+çfl ¼ gS
A
 çns'kesat M+
h&cw
Vh, oarsanqi Ùksdkl a
xzg.kmÙkj çns'kou  mÙkj çns'k esav kywfu; kZ
r t ksu v kxjk gS
A
fuxe }kjk djk; k t krk gS
A  v e: n dsfy, çf' k{k.k, oaç; ksx dsUæbykgkckn esagS
A
 l kekft d okfudh dk ; w
d sfyIVl o`{k Hkw
fe dsfy,  v ke dsfy, çf' k{k.k , oaç; ksx dsUæy[ kuÅ esagS
A
?kkrd gS A  jkT; ds21 ft yksaesai ku dh [ ksrh dh t krh gS
A
 jkT; l jdkj }kjk Hkkjrh; ou v f/ fu; e 1977 dks  l Ei w
. kZns'k esa90 çfr' kr esa
Fkk v kW
; y dk mRiknu mÙkj
la' kksf/ r dj Hkkjrh; ou ( m-ç- l a
' kks/u) v f/ fu; e çns'k djrk gS A
2000 o"kZ2001 esaykxwfd; k x; kA  i ' kqt S
fod v kS
"kf/ l a
LFkku y[ kuÅ esagS
A
 mÙkj çns'k dh çFke ou uhfr 1952 esav kS
j f}rh; ou  dke/ suqo feuh dke/ suqMs;jh ; kst ukv ksadsrgr 100
uhfr 1998 esa?kksf"kr dh x; hA o 50 xk; @HkS
a
l i kyh t krh gS
A
 ubZÑf"k uhfr 2013 dsrgr Ñf"k {ks=k esafodkl dk
Ñf"k mRiknu
y{; 1 çfr' kr j[ kk x; k gS
A
 çns'kesapkoy dhv i s{kk xsgw
adh[ ksrhv f/ d Hkw
&Hkkx  ns'k esai ' kq
/ u dh nf̀"V l smÙkj çns'k i gyk LFkku gS
A
i j dh t krh gS
A
 çns'k esav ki j s'ku Ýy M&1] 1973 esa' kq
: gq
v kA
 iQ l y pØ v i ukdj moZ j k' kfDr dhde l sde gkfu
 j ht uy i Q
M fj l pZ, a
w Vj y [ kuÅ esa
M , uky kfl l l sa
gksusl scpk; k t k l drk gSA gSA
 cq
nsy [ ka
a M {ks=k esapusdk l okZ
f/ d mRiknu gksrk gS
A  çns'kesai ' kqpkj k cS l h) esacuk; k x; k
d Hkj kj h ( >ka
a
mÙkj i zns'kd kHkw
xksy ] i ; kZ
gS
A Follow us on : Paramount Mission IAS
 xksd q
y iq
j Ldkj ; kst uk nq
X/ mRiknu l sl a
ca
f/ r gS
A
uydw
i ksal sdh t krh gS
A
 jkT; nq
X/ i fj"kn dh LFkki uk 1976 esadh x; hA
 mÙkj i zns'k fu' kq
Yd cksfja
x ; kst uk l u 1985 l s' kq
: dh
 i ku vuq
la
/ ku , oaçf' k{k.k dsUæegksck esagS
A
x; hA
fl a
p kbZ
ou , oaoU; t ho l a
j {k. k
 xq
j l jk; ugj] ea
nj ugj ekrkVhykcka
/ ( jkuhy{ehckbZ
ck/a) l sfudyusokyh nksçfl ¼ ugjsagSA
a ou%
 eè; çns'k v kS j mÙkj çns'k , slsjkT; gS
at ksdsu ugj  mÙkj i zns'k dh i zFke ou uhfr o"kZ1952 esarFkk f}rh;
i fj; kst uk esa' kkfey gS
A
a ou uhfr o"kZ1988 esa?kksf"kr dh xbZ A
 gFkuh dq . M cS j kt ( rkt sokyk cS j kt ) i ka
p jkT; ksamÙkj  jk"Vªh; ou uhfr 1988 dsvuq l kj fdl h Hkh HkkS
xksfyd
çns'k] gfj; k.kk] fnYyh] jkt LFkku v kSj fgekpy çns'kdh {ks=kds33-33 i zfr' kr Hkw
&Hkkx i j ou gksusv ko' ; d gSA
la
;qÙkQi fj; kstukgS A  mÙkj i zns'k dsou egksRl o dk v kjEHk t q
y kbZ1952 l s
 ck.kl kxj ck/a , oaugj i fj; kstukrhu jkT; ksamÙkj çns'k] gq
v kA
eè; çns'k v kSj fcgkj dh l a ;qÙkQi fj; kst uk gS
A  ôU;* rFkkôU; i zk.kh* fo"k; l eorhZl w phesao"kZ1976
 jkt ?kkV cka
/ , oaugj i fj; kst uknksjkT; ksamÙkj çns'kvkS
j esa42osal a
fo/ ku l a
' kks/u ds}kjk l fEEkfyr fd; sx; s
eè; çns'k dhl a ;q
ÙkQi fj; kst uk gS
A  mÙkj i zns'k ou fuxe dh LFkki uk 25 uoEcj 1974 dks
 mÙkj çns'kl jdkj }kjkl j; wugj i fj; kstuk1977&78 l s dh x; h FkhA
fuekZ
. kk/ hu gS
A  oU; t ho l qj {kkl Irkg i zR;sd o"kZ1&8 v DVw
cj dsnkS
j ku
 l j; wugj i fj; kst ukdksjk"Vªh; i fj; kst uk2012 esa?kksf"kr euk; k t krk gSA
fd; kx; kA  Hkkjrh; ou l osZ{k.k }kjk 2015 esai zLrqr ISFR-2015
(Indian State of Forest Report-2015) dsv uq l kj mÙkj
 ns'kesamÙkj çns'k dkdq y Ñf"k {ks=kesafl a
fpr çfr' krk
dh nf̀"V l srhl jk LFkku gS
A i zns'kesadq
y v fHkfyf[ kr ou {ks=k16]582 oxZfdeh- gS
t ksfd bl dsdq y HkkSxksfyd {ks=ki Q
y dk 6-88» gS A
 çns'kdsi f' pehHkkx esauydw
i ksadhxgurkl okZ
f/ d gS
A
 mÙkj i zns'k esav f/ dre oukoj.k okyk ft yk l ksuHknz
 mÙkj çns'kesa' kq
¼ fl a
fpr Hkw
fe dk5 çfr' kr Hkw
&Hkkx dh
( 2]544 oxZfdeh-) ft ysd s HkkS xksfyd {ks=k d k
fl p
akbZuydw i ksal sdh t krh gS
A
37-48» gS A
 mÙkj çns'k esal cl sv f/ d ( yEckbZesa
) ugjsajk; cjsy h
 mÙkj i zns'k esaU; w
ur e oukoj. k okyk ft y k Hknksgh
ft yk ( 2]843) esagSA
a
( 3 oxZfdeh-) ft ysdsHkkS xksfyd {ks=kdk 0-30» gS A
 mÙkj çns'kesal cl sde ugjsa( yEckbZesa
) v ejksgk( 52
 mÙkj i zns'kesal okZ
f/ d v frl ?ku ou {ks=ky[ khei q
j [ khjh
fdeh) esagSA
a
( 777 oxZfdeh-) ft ysesagS A
 mÙkj i zns'k esauydw i ksal sfl a
pkbZdk çpyu 1930 ds  mÙkj i zns'k esal okZ
f/ d ou rjkbZ, oaHkkoj {ks=kksaesai k,
v kl &i kl ' k:q gq
v kA t krsgSA
a
 mÙkj çns'k esadh t kusokyh fl a
pkbZesal okZ
f/ d fl a
pkbZ  mÙkj i zns'k esaeq
[ ; r%rhu i zd kj dsou i k, t krsgS
&
a
, d ut j esa
----
(1) m".kdfVca / h; ue i .kZ
i krhou] (2) m".kdfVca
èkh;
' k"qd i .kZ
i krhou] (3) m".kdfVca / h; dVhyh>kkfM+; ka
 mÙkj i zns'k esam".kdfVca / h; ue i .kZ
i krhou rjkbZ, oa i k; k t krk gS
A
Hkkoj {ks=kksaesai k, t krsgS Aue i .kZ
a i krhouksaesal ky] csj]  mÙkj i zns'k esafpa
d kjk foa
è; dst a
xyksaesai k; k t krk gS
A
xwy j] i yk' k] egq v k] l sey] v kaoyk] t kequ] cka l rFkk  mÙkj i zns'k esagkFkh rjkbZ, oaf' kokfyd dsfxfji nksaesa
csra v kfn dso`{k i k, t krsgS A
a i k; k t krk gS
A
 mÙkj i zns'k es' kq"d i .kZi krh ou i w
oZ
] eè; , oai f' pe  mÙkj i zns'k esa, d ek=k jk"Vªh; m| ku ^nq/ ok* ( Vkbxj
eSnkuh {ks=kksaesai k, t krsgSA' kq
"d i .kZ
i krhouksaesauhe] fjt oZ
) gS At ksfd mÙkj i zns'kdsy[ khei q
j [ khjhft ysesa
i hi y] ' kh' ke] t kequ] v eyrky] csy , oav at hj dso`{k fLFkr gSAft l dk dq y {ks=ki Q y 490 oxZfdeh- gS A
i k, t krsgS A
a
 mÙkj i zns'k dkl cl si q
j kuk oU; t ho fogkj pa nzizHkk gS
A
 >kfM+
; ka, oa?kkl sa' kq
"d i .kZ
i krhouksaesaghi kbZt krhgS
A
a t ksfd mÙkj i zns'k dspa nkS
y h ft ysesafLFkr gS
A
 mÙkj i zns'kdsnf{k.khHkkx esadVkS r h>kkfM+
; ksaokysm".k
dfVca / h; ou i k, t krs gS A buesavdsfl ; k] da
a Vhys ou , oaoU; t ho%egRoi w
. kZr F;
ysxq
esl] ; wiQ
fcZ
; kl ] i Q
ykbZ ] dRFkk] dDdks]/ keu] jsÅu>k  mÙkj i zns'k esaoukPNknu%6-00» ( 14]461 oxZfdeh-)
rFkk uhe dso`{k cgq r k; r esafeyrsgS A
a
 mÙkj i zns'k esaoP̀Nknu%2-92» ( 7044 oxZfdeh-)
 dRFkk dh i zkfIr [ kS
j o`{k l sgksrh gS
A
 mÙkj i zns'k dsi zeq [ k fpfM+
; k?kjksadh ns[kHkky ^dsUnzh;
 IykbZ
oq
M dk fuekZ
. k dkt wdh ydM+
h l sfd; k t krk gS
A fpfM+; k?kj i zkf/ dj.k* djrk gS A
 csra , oacka
l dk mi ; ksx eq
[ ; r%dkxt m| ksx esadPPks  mÙkj i zns'k l a
pkfyr i zk.kh m| ku ( fpfM+
; k?kj) %2
eky ds: Ik esafd; k t krk gS A ( y [ kuÅ] d kui qj)
 chM+h cukusgsrqrsa
nwo`{ k dsi Ùksadk mi ; ksx fd; k
 mÙkj i zns'k fuekZ
. kk/ hu i zk. kh m| ku ( fpfM+
; k?kj) %
t krk gS
A
1 ( xksj[ ki q
j)
 fn; kl ykbZdsfuekZ . k gsrqi ki q
y j] l sey , oaxq
j sy o`{kksa
 mÙkj i zns'k dk i zFke jkf=k oU; t ho ( ukbV l i Q
kjh)
dk mi ; ksx fd; k t krk gSA
i kdZ
%xzsVj uks,Mk
 mÙkj i zns'k esayxHkx 1000 i zd kj dso`{k i k, t krsgS
a
 jk"Vªh; pEcy v H; kj.; esayk; u ( ' ksj) l i Q
kjh i kdZ
%
ft ul sydfM+ ; k¡ i zkIr gksrh gS
A
bVkok
oU
; t ho%  mÙkj i zns'k jk"Vªh; m| ku%1 nq
/ ok] y [ khei q
j [ khj h]
 mÙkj i zns'k dk jkt dh; i ' kqckjgfl a
gk gS
A 1977 esa?kksf"kr
 mÙkj i zns'k dk jkt dh; i {kh l kjl vFkok ØkS
a
p gS
A  mÙkj i zns'k nq
èkok oU; t ho fogkj dh LFkki uk 1968 esa
 jk"Vªh; t yt ho ?kksf"kr ^xa xk MkW
fYi Q
u* mÙkj i zns'k ds gq
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t) fogkj ] , Vk ( 1 oxZfdeh-)
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 mÙkj çns'k fnol %24 t uoj h  mÙkj çns'k esadq

 ' kgj dh jkt / kuh%y • uÅ  mÙkj çns'k esauxj fuxe%16

 mÙkj çns'k dsçeq

 mÙkj çns'k dk çeq

 mÙkj çns'k esal oZ

 mÙkj çns'k esa^fdl ku fe=k ; kst uk* ' kq

 mÙkj çns'k esaçeq

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 mÙkj çns'k dsi zFke efgyk eq

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Follow us on : Paramount Mission IAS

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