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Trend Analysis of Air Pollutants in San Fernando City, La Union For Air Quality Sustainability
Trend Analysis of Air Pollutants in San Fernando City, La Union For Air Quality Sustainability
A Research Study
Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Engineering
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City
In Partial fulfillment
of the Requirements in for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering
FERNANDEZ, NIÑA S.
MADRIAGA, RACHELLE M.
ESTACIO, JOSHUA Q.
SY 2020
College of Engineering
Website: www.unp.edu.ph Mail: coengineering@yahoo.com
CP #: 09175006128
CERTIFICATION
City, La Union for Air Quality Sustainability” prepared and submitted by Niña S.
Fernandez, Rachelle M. Madriaga, Frank Gian Y. Tengco, Joshua Q. Estacio and Michael
Adrianne B. Tinaza in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor in
Sanitary Engineering has been examined and is hereby recommended for acceptance and
College of Engineering
Website: www.unp.edu.ph Mail: coengineering@yahoo.com
CP #: 09175006128
APPROVAL SHEET
with a grade of .
==================================================================
The completion of this research would not be possibly attained and successful
without the participation and assistance of many people whose names may not all be
First and foremost, our utmost gratitude to Dr. Erwin F. Cadorna, University
To the Dean of the College of Engineering, Dr. Norma A. Esguerra for her
To Dr. Virginia F. Inofinada, our Research Adviser, for her time, sage
advice, insightful suggestions, patient encouragement for us to fulfill this study the
To Engr. Jake Mark P. David and Engr. Christy Faye A. Gasmen, our
for her time and cooperation in all the given undersign given to her;
To Sir Rogelio B. Gabuyo Jr., EMS II, who is always there to assist us, the
researchers, for being accommodating to our queries for lending his time and
Our friends and classmates, for their support, help and encouragement;
Our beloved families and relatives, for their unending moral and financial
support, love, encouragement, prayers and guidance especially whenever we felt like
N.S.F.
R.M.M
F.Y.T.
J.Q.E.
M.B.T.
Nin
Chelle
Gian
Josh
Mike
Objectives ………………………………………………………………………. 8
OF DATA
Result and discussion …………………………………………………... 29
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings …………………………………………………... 78
Recommendation ………………………………………………………. 82
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………... 83
APPENDICES
A. Letters ………………………………………………………………. 86
B. Documentation …………………………………………………….... 92
CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………….. 103
of January ………………………………………………………………………. 30
Figure 2. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of February ……………………………………………………………………... 30
Figure 3. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of March …………………………………………………………………….….. 31
Figure 4. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of April …………………………………………………………………………. 31
Figure 5. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month 32
of June ………….……………………………………………………………… 32
Figure 7. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of July …………..…….………………………………………………………… 33
Figure 8. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of August ……….……………………………………………………………… 34
Figure 9. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of September …...……….……………………………………………………… 34
Figure 10. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of October ……..……….……………………………………………………….. 35
Figure 11. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of November …..……….………………………………………………………. 35
Figure 12. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 1-hour average in the month
of December …...……….……………………………………………………… 36
Figure 13. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of January …….……….………………………………………………………... 36
Figure 14. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of February …….……….………………………………………………………. 37
Figure 15. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month 37
of March ……….……….……………………………………………………….
Figure 16. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of April ………...………………………………………………………………. 38
Figure 17. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of June ………....……….………………………………………………………. 39
Figure 19. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of July ……….....……….………………………………………………………. 40
Figure 20. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of August ……....……….………………………………………………………. 40
Figure 21. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of September …..……….………………………………………………………. 41
Figure 22. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of October ……..……….………………………………………………………. 41
Figure 23. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of November …..……….………………………………………………………. 42
Figure 24. Photochemical oxidants as Ozone 8-hour average in the month
of December …...……….………………………………………………………. 43
Figure 25. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of January ………..… 43
Figure 26. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of February ……….… 44
Figure 27. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of March ………….… 44
Figure 28. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of April …................... 45
Figure 29. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of May ……………… 45
Figure 30. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of June ……………… 46
Figure 31. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of July ……………… 46
Figure 32. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of August …………… 47
Figure 33. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of September ………… 48
Figure 34. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of October …………… 48
Figure 35. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of November………… 49
Figure 36. Sulfur Dioxide 24-hour average in the month of December ……..… 49
2019……………………………………………………………………………… 72
Figure 74. The trend of concentration changes of Ozone 8-Hour from 2016-
2019……………………………………………………………………………… 73
Figure 75. The trend of concentration changes of Sulfur Dioxide from 2016-
2019……………………………………………………………………………… 74
Figure 76. The trend of concentration changes of Nitrogen Dioxide from
2016-2019. ………………………………………………………………………. 75
Figure 77. The trend of concentration changes of Particulate Matter 10 from
2016-2019………………………………………………………………………… 76
Figure 78. The trend of concentration changes of Particulate Matter 2.5 from
2016-2019………………………………………………………………………. 77
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the trend of ambient air pollutants (O 3, SO2, NO2,
PM10 and PM2.5) in the City of San Fernando, La Union from 2016-2019. It integrated
statistical analysis to compare the air pollution data with the recommended National
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) used by the EMB-DENR in the City of San
the NAAQGV. The DOAS was used to assess the level of pollutants by measuring the
Comparing the readings of each pollutant from 2016 to 2019 with the
NAAQGV values, it was found that there was a controllable air pollution in the City
levels were relatively high during dry season or in summer months. The sources of
these air pollutants are stationary sources such as industrial firms and the smoke
stacks of power plants, hotels and other establishments, area sources such as smoking,
burning of garbage, and dust from construction, and unpaved ground, and most of the
The air quality of the City of San Fernando, La Union is not dangerous to
health or the environment. The monitoring of these air pollutants must continue to
determine the level of these air pollutants to minimize the possible associated impacts
on the economy.
Monitoring these air pollutants must continue to determine the level of these
taken up in and around the area; conduct of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Information, Education and Communication to reduce air pollution and to sustain the
may develop over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic and limiting