heat and temperature PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERSNOTES BY LYNDON BERNARDO @ YouTube: Lyndon Bernardo & Facebook: Lyndon Bernardo @ 1 thermal equilibrium 2 thermal expansion 3 thermal stress 4 quantity of heat 5 heat transfer2 A EODOORnonOeS ‘N y yen & TEMPERATURE ; Temperature energy). - The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a system, Of Thermal Equilibrium = Obtained when touching objects within a system reach the same temperature, NOTE heat lens prom het wr ono WHOER ae lead Notes by Lynden Bernard | lyndonbbemnardo.com & = A form of energy made by the motion (translational, rotational, vibrational) of molecules. °c | | ) Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: - Two systems are in thermal equilbrium if and only if they have the same temperature. i ‘a eneThermal Expansion ~ Change in size of a material in response to a change in temperature. Linear Expansion ——! ape ? a Thermal Stress - The stress caused due to the change in else a9) lata Peis? ‘temperature. ~ Can lead to fracture or deformation of eget material cess — (BEEAEAT— snes leagih neta NoT ATTACHED i sence ron sana wag se (F) L=Lo(It4AT) Expands (TH) ands aed Area Expansion ia INITIAL wwe Or ao heated nee) Paes IT vsuw =S tt law re Ww od ela ATTACHED INTL, Parc pss change of So a a nee an Core (7) () eng Exponds (Tt) Contracts (14), wea — se AA, (I+20AT) eee Volume Expansion heated a, —1_» al] *L'ON) csegicient oy SE SE Aenperobue es initial wene orseaner A Vela THERMAL STRESS THERMAL STRAIN eo “Ee Notes by Lyndon Beratde | lyndonbernarcocom os8 Quantity of Heat = Heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius or Kelvin. c Specific Heat . Molar Heat Capacity ~ = The energy required to increase the = The energy required to increase the «< temperature of a substance of a certain ™ "temperature of 1 mole of a substance ~ mass by one degree (Celsius or 1 Kelvin). “= “by one degree (Celsius or Kelvin), ‘rote a specie tat oF the waterial rumbee o change P senperature a juontit eee rh seis srlor tot capac ance says” be the material RATE OF CHANGE PECIFIC HEAT DERIVATION d@=medT QemcAT Q=nigaT Yar (d@«meat) at _@ _ 4a G Mest Boy AL or nat dT et ae dt = nC AT = Phase Changes = - The transition from one phase to another. =* “S™ ~ Liquid phase, solid phase, and gaseous =, phase (states of matter). conversion tte oa ut USE — yo Qemt @=mchT Latent of eat bat Prose, Temperature Cx Changes Changes mereet cae amity a Heat of Fusion (sto ¢) TEMPERATURE ( 9 ba ea " Qa WATER, NEN. aa Lg+9.34x10% Zag =79.6 Ng = 143%), & Log 3 f VAPORIZATION late of a ee Heat of Vaporization ({ tg) = j PHASE ANGE. wareR regeine MELTING TEMPERATURE CHANGE, Ly + 2256 x10" eg #591 Yq = 910°, 2 Late of PHASE CHANGE. Heat of Combustion TEMPERATURE CHANGE GASOUNE -20°C Les 46x10" Yq * 46.000%/y HEAT ENERGY Notes by Lyndon Beratde | lyndonbernarcocomHi Heat Transfer = The movement of heat energy from one material to another material of different temperature. Conduction eee Se Convection ~ Heat transfer by direct \" contact. ‘h, - Heat transfer by the movement reat aren Neat) of fluid (iquid or gas), aaa mista <—L 9 eoted to comes Este, ‘eyes, Pee mls Bites HOT SURFACE @ Hot water (dense) @ Coun warer (enser) woe owt fo JY aw RADIATION a WW A NUTSHELL Radiation a oe ABO ~ Heat transfer by infrared radiation. see ot ~ Does not require any medium to AL@#), AA(@3), BV(28) transfer heat (occurs through the + couse of thermal stress pater Nal woe a stepan-Celtamon constant - [=| — QeneBT /G-a0OT , QeteL Temperature ~~ en ae Weneor ‘cian: Cosetion, ss “|| Neds ain’: Came op euace §— 0 25.61x10" Yaaye . mg tn « Nocaum: Radiotion | yredonbernarco.com