According to Schumacher the universities and general intellectual life that Rizal and other ilustrados

encountered in Spain in 1880s were among the most advanced in Europe. – False

According to Schumacher, by the early 1880s, a clearly defined sense of nationalism already existed
among many of the young men from the Philippines in Spain, which Rizal mobilized upon his arrival
there. – False

In 1883, while in Spain, Rizal’s sentiment against the friars was inflamed by the unjust imprisonment of
his mother, causing him to give up the practice of Catholicism and influencing other youth from the
Philippines to focus on their ire on the friars. – False

Early in 1884, ilustrado activity in Madrid began to change in speeches and newspaper articles they
began to criticize Spain’s handling of the Philippines and Graciano Lopez Jaena specifically attacked the
friar priest as acting like “true feudal lord” especially when not restrained by the presence of the
provincial governor. – True

Rizal’s speech in the 1884 banquet to honor Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo praised their work
as bringing glory to the Philippines but not to Spain and insinuated that there would be a time when the
Spanish flag would no longer wave over the Philippines. – False

Initially Rizal thought of writing Noli Me Tangere in French because it was the language of the civilized
world; later he decided to write it in Spanish because he decided to write it for his countrymen. – True

Schumacher asserts that Noli me tangere is more than just an expose of abuses: it is a Charter of
Nationalism. – True

The Pacto de Sangre of Legazpi and Sikatuna was a historic ceremony between a conquistador and a
native chief who thereby became sworn brothers who sealed political treaty between Spain and the
Phililppines. – False

Rizal chose to annotate Morga’s book over other early Spanish accounts because it was the only one
that survived from that early period of history and it was available at the time Rizal was in Europe. –
False

In his notes to Morga, Rizal defended native women as chaste even if they believed in the need for a
lover who would help them cross a dangerous river to reach Kalualhatian, and they would not simply
follow their base instincts because of their high morality. – False

In his notes to Morga, Rizal observed that slaves in the preconquest islands were not always in a terrible
condition as they could eat with their master on the same table; besides, Rizal noted that if there were
brutal indigenous slave owners, the encomenderos were worse. – True

Rizal argues in his essay that the hot climate makes the people of the Philippines predisposed to laziness
because the excessive heat thins the blood and wears out people. – True

By 1887, rizal was convinced that spain would not listen to the ilustrado’s reasonable demands; hence
he opted for the independence of the Philippines and thus political activity should be pursued in the
country rather than in Spain. -True
Rizal felt bad about the divisive elections in Madrid in early 1891 but denied he resented the weak
endorsement of his leadership and claimed he harbored no resentment against del pilar, however our
source for this is del pilar who could have been biased. – False

According to Schumacher, in addition to feeling depressed about events in Calamba and the lack of
progress in the campaign for Philippine representation in the cortes, rizal assumed wrongly that his
fellow Filipinos would accept the type of leadership he wished to impose on them. - True