7th

 Mixed  Methods  Interna>onal  Conference  

Leeds,  29th  June  -­‐  2nd  July  2011    

 Computer  Generated  Mixed  

Methods  Displays  as  New  Tools  
for  Analysis.  
 
Prof.  Dr.  Udo  Kuckartz  
Philipps-­‐Universität  Marburg  

Folie  1  
 Outline  

!   Introduc>on:    
-­‐  Where  linking  occurs?  
-­‐  Mixed  displays.  Examples  from  Creswell  &  Plano    
-­‐  Joint  Displays  
 
!   Joint  Displays  in  MAXQDA  10    
1  -­‐>  Quote  matrix  
2  -­‐>  Crosstabs  
3  -­‐>  Typology  table  
 
!   Mixed  Displays  of  qualita>ve  data  
 
 

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   Folie  2  

 When  mixing  of  qualitaCve  and  quanCtaCve  data  occurs?  

Quantitative Data Analysis Qualitative  Data Analysis

Statistics (SAS, SPSS) QDA-Software

(MAXQDA,Nvivo ...)

Research Report A
Research Report B

Final Report

Mixing after data analysis based on the (preliminary) reports.

Prof.  Dr.  Udo  Kuckartz            06-­‐2011   Folie  3  

 Mixing  Data  on  the  Level  of  Research  Reports:  by  Use  of  Links  

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2010                Mixed  Methods   Folie  4  

 Linking  Data  on  the  Level  of  Research  Reports  

a)  by  use  of  text  links  

!   major  subjects  are  linked  by  hyperlink  techniques  
!   lexical  search  func>ons  may  be  used  to  iden>fy  major  subjects  in  the  
reports,  also  dic>onary-­‐based  techniques  may  be  used  
!   Copy  and  paste  the  text  chunks  into  the  final  report  
b)  by  use  of  codes  
!   major  subjects  are  coded  (subjects  are  used  as  codes)  
!   lexical  search  func>ons  may  be  used  to  iden>fy  major  subjects  in  the  
reports,  also  dic>onary-­‐based  techniques  may  be  used  
!   retrieval  techniques  are  used  to  produce  a  sequen>al  list  or  side-­‐by-­‐side  
list  
 

Udo  Kuckartz            06-­‐2009                Types   S  5  

 Mixing  on  the  level  of  data  analysis  

Quantitative Data Analysis Qualitative  Data Analysis

Statistics (SAS, SPSS) QDA-Software

(MAXQDA,Nvivo ...)

Research Report A
Research Report B

Final Report

Prof.  Dr.  Udo  Kuckartz            06-­‐2011   Folie  6  

 DefiniCon  

Joint  Displays  
John Creswell:
“A joint display is a figure or table in which the
researcher arrays both quantitative and qualitative
data so that the two sources of data can be directly
compared. In effect, the display merges the two
forms of data.”

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  7  

 DefiniCon  

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  8  

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  9  
 Part  2  Joint  displays:  
Mixing  during  data  analysis  
 
 
Joint  Displays:  Quote  Matrix  
 Quote  Matrix  is  a  joint  display  of  coded  segments  (themes)  
and  variables.  It  lists  quota>on  of  respondents  with  par>cular  
characteris>cs.  

     
 
 
Joint  Display:  Coded  Segments  X  Adributes  -­‐>  Quote  Matrix  

Men     Men   Women   Women  

Age  <    30   Age  30+   Age  <  30   Age  30+  

Text  Segments   Text  Segments   Text  Segments   Text  Segments  

of
 Peter
  of
  of
  of
 
Larry
  Heidi
  Barbara
 

 
 
 
Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
 
of
 John
  of
  of
  of
 

  Nigel
  Lina
  Joanna
 

 
 
 
Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
 
of
  of
  of
  of
 
Jus>n
  Robert
  Sarah
  Susan
 

 
 
 
Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
  Text
 Segments
 
of
  of
  of
  of
 
Bob
  Mark
  Stella
  Scarled
 

 
  Dr.
 Udo
 Kuckartz
 
 
 
 
 
 06-­‐2009
Prof.
 
 
 Types
 
 
 
  Folie
 12
 
 Quote
 matrix
Code Family status not married (doc variable
category)
emotions Happiness does not remind me of one event. It
makes me think of my life. Even though there
are bad times, overall I am very happy with the
way I turned out as a human being. and I like
were my life is headed.
(New York/Joanna, 34-35)
Sadness reminds me of the death of my
grandmother (Dec. 90') and my grandfather
(June 96'). Their deaths effected my life
greatly. They were like my second parents.
These two times were definately the worst times
of my life
(New York/GINA, 12)
education My career now is college. I am graduating this
weekend from my Community Health
Undergraduate program at Hofstra University. I
am continuing my undergraduate studies at CW
Post in the fall to get a BS in nutrition. Getting
my RD is my major career choice. My
satisfaction level on my career is only a 7
because I am not looking forward to going back
to undergrad college but it is the only way I can
achieve a license.
(New York/GINA, 17)
Overall I am pretty happy with my mental, social
and physical health. I would like to improve my
dedication to working out. I am the type of
person who will work out 5 times a weekPhilipps-Universität
for a
Prof.
month staight and then is slowly turns into lessDr. Udo
Family status single (doc variable category)
I feel as if I am very healthy and I know that I
have a firm background on what being healthy
means because of my interest in Nutrition and
Exercise. I always to try to eat better and make
the right choices and exercise on a regular basis.
I really think that those two components
contribute highly to health. But, health also
means emotionally, mentally and even
spiritually. I feel like my spiritual life really
contributes to the rest of my health because I
take care of my body because God tells us to in
the Bible and everything else falls into place.
(New York/Milly, 11)
My major is Dietetics and I am planning on
working with children at either a center or a
Children's Hospital and do meal plan counseling
for children that need special diets because of
sickness, or whatever the case may be.
I know that will not be happy in my occupation
unless I work with children. I have a heart for
kids and I found this out by working a summer
camp for kids for the past 2 summers.
I started taking a Nutrition class last year and
decided that it interested me and found out what
kind of jobs that I could get involved with by
talking with my counselor and it all worked out
great.
(…)
Marburg
Foli
(NewKuckartz 06-2009
York/vincent, 12) Types
 Joint
 Displays:
 Crosstabs
 

 Crosstabs
 –compares
 the
 number
 of
 coded
 segments
 for
 
selected
 subgroups
 of
 texts.
 
 

   
 
 
 Joint  Displays.  Codes  and  Categorical  Variables  

Codes, e.g. themes (horizontal, x-axis)

and categorical variable from quantitative data (vertical, y-axis)

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  15  

 Joint  Displays.  Themes  and  Categorical  Variables  

Row Percentage -> Distribution of Themes

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  16  

 Joint  Displays  

List of quotes belonging to a cell of the joint display

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  17  

 Joint  Displays  

List of quotes belonging to a cell of the joint display

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  18  

Joint  Displays:  Typology  table    
 Typology  Table  combines  in  merged  analysis  qualita>ve  
theme  data  and  quan>ta>ve  data  based  on  a  typology  or  
classifica>on.  

 
 
 
Typology  Table  

Foli
Part  3  Visualiza>on  in  Mixed  
Methods  Analysis    
 
 
 QualitaCve  (Data  Analysis)  or  (QualitaCve  Data)  Analysis  
  Data  
 
 
Analysis   Qualita>ve   Quan>ta>ve  

Qualita>ve   A   B    
 Interpre>ve  text  studies.   Search  for  and  
Hermeneu>cs.  Grounded   presenta>on  of  meaning  in  
Theory  etc.   results  of  quan>ta>ve  
processing  

Quan>ta>ve   C     D    
Turning  words  into   Sta>s>cal  and  
numbers.  Classic  Content   mathema>cal  analysis  of  
Analysis.  Word  Counts.   numeric  data.  
Free  Lists.  Pile  Sorts,  etc.  

Folie  22  
 The  „quanCtaCve  aspect  of  coding  

If  you  are  aware  of  it  or  not,  when  coding  your  data  you  create  
classificaCons  and    „quanCtaCve“  informaCon,  i.e.  
!   text  has  been  coded  with  a  par>cular  code  (yes  or  no)  -­‐>  classifica>on  
!   a  code  can  have  evalua>ve  aspects  (e.g.  you  read  the  en>re  interview  and  
make  a  decision.  Does  the  person  feels  itself  responsible  for  the  
environment  (not  at  all,  partly,  highly))  -­‐>  classifica>on  
!   codes  may  occur  at  the  same  >me  (adached  to  the  same  part  of  the  text)  
-­‐>  rela>on  
!   codes  may  be  near  or  have  a  long  distance  to  each  other  in  a  text  -­‐>  
rela>on  
!   how  ojen  a  code  has  been  applied  to  a  par>cular  text  -­‐>  quan>fica>on  

!Classification is different from quantification. A classification is still

qualitative. !

S  23  
Visual Comparison of Different Interviews and Themes  

Code Matrix Browser

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  24  

 Number of Segments per Code and Interview
 
Code Matrix Browser:

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  25  

  
 
Thank  you  for  your  a[enCon!  

Udo  Kuckartz            05-­‐2011                Mixed  Methods   S  26