Ycbgfg 6? Ufsj 1 - Usbdjhbsbjlj`ëf gi lf Fticdbôc, Uirdipdbôc y Kikjrbf

Urisictfgj pjr?
Aitsfaâ Qjsf Druz Djrtbcf. Dôgb`j? 44111495.

Lbaicys Rfofbrf Xflicdbf. Dôgb`j?

Kfrëf Rfskbli @ôkiz. Dôgb`j?

Picgy Lbzitm Jdfkpj. Dôgb`j?6558968=91

Urisictfgj f? @uirty Tmbrliy Dædiris.

Wutjr (f).

@rupj? 692.

Ycbvirsbgfg cfdbjcfl fabirtf y f gbstfcdbf (YCFG)

Isduilf gi dbicdbfs sjdbflis, frtis y mukfcbgfgis
Usbdjhbsbjlj`ëf
Difg-
 

Kfrzj-1515.

Bctrjguddbôc

  Ujr bctirkigbj gil gisfrrjllj gi istf fdtbvbgfg ljs istugbfctis gi lf Ycbvirsbgfg Fabirtf
y f Gbstfcdbf gil prj`rfkf gi Usbdjlj`ëf fgqubirfc ucfs mfablbgfgis y djcjdbkbictjs
rihirictis f ljs djcdiptjs gi Usbdjhbsbjlj`ëf, pjr lj dufl cjs pirkbtic djcjdir djcdiptjs gi
fticdbôc, kikjrbf, pirdipdbôc pjr bctirkigbj gi ioirdbdbjs prædt
prædtbdjs
bdjs pjr gisfrrjllj gi lf
lidturf i bchjrkfdbôc qui cjs pirkbti ichjdfr lfs mfablbgfgis qui pjsii dfgf istugbfctis y
sus pfrtbdbpfctis fgikæs si ivbgicdbf djc ucf kitjgjlj`ëf gi icsiöfczf tiôrbdj prfdtbdj
gæcgjcjs ucjs risultfgjs gi lf vfljrfdbôc gi istjs ioirdbdbjs pjr lj dufl cjs gf ucf
fpricgbzfoi ljs djcdiptjs gisdrbtjs.

  Il sb`ubicti trfafoj si riflbzô, fcflbzfcgj lf

lf bkpjrtfcdbf qui bkplbdf gisfrrjllfr lfs
fdtbvbgfgis, pfrf pjgir ridbabr dfgf ucj gi ljs djcjdbkbictjs, qui djc lf fdtbvbgfg
 pjgikjs fgqubrbr, ic lf hjrkfdbôc djkj Usbdôlj`f, sjc kuy bkpjrtfctis fpricgir, djcjdir 
y fplbdfr dfgf ucj gi ljs djcjdbkbictjs fpricgbgjs. Is bkpjrtfcti bgictbhbdfr y rilfdbjcfr
ljs dfkabjs ic ljs sbstikfs gi rispuistf djrpjrfl gisgi ljs prjdisjs Usbdjlô`bdjs djkj lj
sjc? Lf Fticdbôc, lf Uirdipdbôc y lf Kikjrbf, qui sjc ridursjs fplbdfalis ic dfgf ucf gi
lfs sbtufdbjcis djtbgbfcfs gi duflqubir bcgbvbguj. Ti riqubiri fprjpbfr y fdtufr ic il kfrdj
gi lfs cjrkfs gijctjlô`bdfs y âtbdfs, qui sjc fplbdfalis f ucf rispidtbvf bcvistb`fdbôc
dbictëhbdf, qui is rihiricti fl cjrkftbvj gil ioirdbdbj prjhisbjcfl, pfrf pjgir gisfrrjllfr lfs

mfablbgfgis gi trfafoj ic iqubpj y lf djjpirfdbôc, qui, gisgi lf gbsdusbôc y il bctirdfkabj

gi ljs sfairis, qui puigfc prjkjvir f lf fprimicsbôc gi dfgf ucj gi ljs djcjdbkbictjs.

  Lf hbcflbgfg gil gisfrrjllj gi istf fdtbvbgfg, is prbkirfkicti djcjdir dfgf ucf gi lfs
lidturfs y sus rispidtbvjs futjris prjpuistjs, qubicis sjc ljs qui cjs pirkbtic f trfvâs gi
ljs istugbjs y lfs tijrëfs prjpuistfs, pirkbtbicgj qui icticgfkjs gisgi ljs prjdisj
prjdisjss
 psbdjlô`bdjs, tris hjrkfs gi istugbfr, fcflbzfr, dfgf ucj gi ljs fspidtjs qui djc ljs pfsj gi
ljs föjs si vfc pirgbicgj, kudmfs vidis gi hjrkf bcdjcsdbicti ic gjcgi il sir mukfcj,
cj ictbicgic pjr quâ si vfc fltirfcgj gbdmfs dfpfdbgfgis, gi pirdbabr, ticir fticdbôc, y
kfcticir dlfrj sus riduirgjs, f trfvâs gi ucf kikjrbf f djrtj plfzj. Is pjr istj qui
 

kigbfcti tris ioirdbdbjs pjgikjs fcflbzfr lf dfpfdbgfg, gi gjs bcgbvbgujs, lf rispidtbvf

fltirfdbôc gi sus prjdisjs psbdjlô`bdjs, y lfs pjsbalis dfusfs.

  Ic istf
istf fdtbvbgfg,
fdtbvbgfg, ic gjcgi lf hfsi gil prjdisj y il gisfrrjllj
gisfrrjllj gi lf fdtbvbgfg,
fdtbvbgfg, qui djkj
istugbfcti gisfrrjlli, lfs rispidtbvfs lidturfs prjpuistfs pfrf lf fdtbvbgfg, fprjpbfc dfgf
dfg f

ucf gi lfs rihiricdbfs abalbj`ræhbdfs, icdjctrfgfs ic il ictjrcj gi djcjdbkbictj ic il

kftirbfl gbspuistj pfrf lf rispidtbvf Ycbgfg 6, qui
q ui djrrispjcgbicti f lf Usbdjhbsbjlj`ëf gi
lf fticdbôc, lf pirdipdbôc, y lf kikjrbf.

  Gisfrrjllfr dfgf ucj gi ljs pfsjs sjlbdbtfgjs ic lf fdtbvbgfg, icrbquidi

icrbquidi dfgf ucj gi ljs
djcjdbkbictjs, qui cjs pirkbti icticgir y fplbdfr, f trfvâs gi ioirdbdbjs prædtbdjs, ic
gjcgi ivflufcgj ic gjs pirsjcfs, gi gbhiricti `âcirj y igfg, pjgikjs fcflbzfr lf
dfpfdbgfg, lfs fltirfdbjcis, lfs gbhbdultfgis qui, f trfvâs gi lfs rispuistfs icdjctrfgfs ic
dfgf ucj gi ljs ioirdbdbjs, pjgikjs icticgir djc kfyjr hfdblbgfg, sfdfcgj si`ÿc il istugbj
lfs rispidtbvfs djcdlusbjcis.
 

Kitjgjlj`ëf

Il ioirdbdbj gi Uirdipdbôc, si riflbzj

Ufrf ivflufr ljs ihidtjs qui si `icirfc ic lfs pirdipdbjcis fticgbicgj f ljs istëkuljs
 privbjs, lf tfrif djcsbsti ic fplbdfr bkæ`icis djcsidutbvfs f uc `rupj gi suoitjs pfrf pjgir 
vir il ihidtj qui tbici sjari lf pirdipdbôc lf bkf`ic privbf prisictfgf.

Ilikictjs cidisfrbjs?

Læpbz y pfpil Bkæ`icis f prisictfr (Bkæ`icis 6, 1, 4, y 7) Ti ridjkbicgf bkprbkbr lfs

bkæ`icis ic duftrj tfroitfs sipfrfgfs pfrf su utblbzfdbôc. Lfs gbkicsbjcis ridjkicgfgfs
sjc 19 dk gi fltj pjr 15 dk gi fcdmj y lf bkprisbôc gi lfs hb`urfs giai mfdirsi ic dflbgfg
ôptbkf djc ixdilicti risjludbôc pfrf `frfctbzfr djkplitf cbtbgiz gil gbauoj. F

djctbcufdbôc, fpfridic lfs bkæ`icis f prisictfr f dfgf ucj gi ljs `rupjs.

Urjdigbkbictj?

Tiliddbjcis gjs `rupjs gi pfrtbdbpfctis, dfgf ucj djchjrkfgj pjr ucj gi ljs suoitjs
 pfrtbdbpfctis. Ycf viz tic`f ljs 1 pfrtbdbpfctis ripfrtbgjs ic gjs `rupjs, fsi`ÿrisi qui lfs
djcgbdbjcis gi fplbdfdbôc gi lfs hbdmfs (gbauojs) sifc lfs kbskfs pfrf ljs gjs `rupjs y
djctrjli qui lf prisictfdbôc gi ljs gbauojs si mf`f gi hjrkf kuy ræpbgf (ucj j kæxbkj
gjs si`ucgjs gi ixpjsbdbôc) pfrf `frfctbzfr kfyjr bkpfdtj. Is ridjkicgfali qui isti
ioirdbdbj lj riflbdic ljs gjs `rupjs gi pfrtbdbpfctis pjr sipfrfgj.

Kbictrfs ucj gi ljs `rupjs riflbzf lf prbkirf pfrti gil

g il ioirdbdbj, il jtrj `rupj cj puigi
kbrfr lf fplbdfdbôc gi lfs bkæ`icis cb ictirfrsi gi lfs rispuistfs gi ljs qui istæc
riflbzfcgj il ioirdbdbj.

R dufcgj il si`ucgj `rupj istâ riflbzfcgj lf si`ucgf pfrti gil ioirdbdbj, il prbkir
`rupj tfkpjdj giai kbrfr lf fplbdfdbôc gil prbkir `rupj cb ictirfrsi gi lfs rispuistfs> pjr
illj si su`biri qui lf fplbdfdbôc si mf`f pjr sipfrfgj. Ic lfs gjs pfrtis gil ioirdbdbj lf
 pirsjcf qui mfdi lf fplbdfdbôc giai kjstrfr pjr ispfdbj kæxbkj gi gjs si`ucgjs lf
 prbkirf bkf`ic (bkf`ic 6) y icsi`ubgf lf si`ucgf bkf`ic (bkf`ic 1), si`ubgf gi uc
 

dufgrj gjcgi pjgræ isdrbabr bckigbftfkicti lj qui mf pirdbabgj (hjrkftj gi ri`bstrj gil
 pfrtbdbpfcti).

Lui`j fl si`ucgj `rupj si kuistrf pjr il kbskj lfpsj gi kæxbkj 1 si`ucgjs lf tirdirf
bkf`ic (bkf`ic 4) y icsi`ubgf lf dufrtf bkf`ic (bkf`ic 7). Ujstirbjrkicti si lis ictri`f
ic tri`f

il dufgrj gjcgi pjgræ isdrbabr j fcjtfr bckigbftfkicti lj qui mf pirdbabgj (hjrkftj gi

ri`bstrj gil pfrtbdbpfcti).

Ioikplj gi hjrkftj gi ri`bstrj gi lf pirdipdbôc gil pfrtbdbpfcti?

  Ycf viz tic`f ri`bstrfgfs

ri`bstrfgfs lfs
lfs rispuistfs
rispuistfs gi ljs 1 pfrtbdbpfctis
pfrtbdbpfctis gi dfgf ucj gi ljs `rupjs
si prjdigiræ f lf djcsjlbgfdbôc gi risultfgjs. Djcsjlbgfdbôc gi risultfgjs? Il `rupj puigi
gbsiöfr il hjrkftj qui drif djcvicbicti pfrf lf djcsjlbgfdbôc gi risultfgjs, sbc ikafr`j,
si prjpjci ucj? R gi lf kbskf hjrkf si djcsjlbgfc ljs risultfgjs gil `rupj Cj.
Cj . 1
bctirpritfdbôc gi Qisultfgjs? Lf bkf`ic prisictfgf ic si`ucgj lu`fr ic fkajs ioirdbdbjs
is lf kbskf.

Ycf bkf`ic fkab`uf, qui puigi pirdbabrsi djkj "ucf dfrf gi kuoir" j djkj "uc
sfxjhjcbstf". Is kuy prjafali qui il `rupj qui mfyf riflbzfgj il prbkir ioirdbdbj lf mfyfc
 pirdbabgj djkj "ucf dfrf", "ucf dfrf gi kuoir" j ucf "dfrf gi kuoir ojvic". Ic dfkabj,
ljs qui mfyfc pfrtbdbpfgj gil si`ucgj `rupj riflbzfcgj il si`ucgj ioirdbdbj, is kuy
 prjafali qui lf mfyfc pirdbabgj djkj uc "sfxjhjcbstf", "uc mjkari tjdfcgj il sfxj" j
sbkplikicti djkj "uc kÿsbdj".

  Tb ljs risultfgjs kuistrfc istf gbhiricdbf ic lf

lf pirdipdbôc
pirdipdbôc gi lf bkf`ic fkab`uf,
fkab`uf, tfl
gbhiricdbf puigi sir giabgf fl ihidtj gi lf bkf`ic prisictfgf ic prbkir lu`fr. Ic il prbkir
ioirdbdbj si kuistrf ucf bkf`ic qui si pirdbai dlfrfkicti djkj lf dfrf gi ucf kuoir, lj
dufl prbkfrbf il usj gi isti djcdiptj pfrf pirdbabr lf sb`ubicti bkf`ic, lf fkab`uf, djkj
ucf dfrf.

Ic il si`ucgj ioirdbdbj, lf bkf`ic qui fpfridi ic prbkir lu`fr si pirdbai dlfrfkicti

djkj uc sfxjhjcbstf, pjr illj lf bkf`ic fkab`uf tbicgi f pirdbabrsi djkj uc mjkari
tjdfcgj il sfxjhôc. Is djkj sb lf bkf`ic pirdbabgf ic prbkir lu`fr pripfrfsi j `icirfsi
ixpidtftbvfs qui prbkfc lf bctirpritfdbôc gi lf bkf`ic fkab`uf ic ucf gbriddbôc u jtrf.
 

Fcflbdi ljs risultfgjs gi su ixpirbkictj utblbzfcgj ljs fctirbjris pfrækitrjs y lfs tijrëfs
qui lj sustictfc y prjdigf f ilfajrfr il bchjrki gi lf fdtbvbgfg.

Ic il ioirdbdbj gi Fticdbôc

Ufrf llivf f dfaj il ixpirbkictj, il flukcj giairæ fplbdfr istfs tfrifs f uc `rupj 1
 pirsjcfs. Ufrf illj cidisbtf il sb`ubicti kftirbfl, qui icdjctrfræ fl hbcfl gi isti gjdukictj,
ic il Fcixj B?

F6? Wfrif gi dfcdilfdbôc pfrf riflbzfr sjlf.

F1? Wfrif gi dfcdilfdbôc pfrf riflbzfr ic lf djcgbdbôc gi fticdbôc gbvbgbgf.

A6? Wfrif gi dældulj pfrf riflbzfr sjlf

A1? Wfrif gi dældulj pfrf riflbzfr ic lf djcgbdbôc gi fticdbôc gbvbgbgf.

Ycf mjof gi rispuistfs

Fgikæs, cidisbtfræ?

• Yc lfpbdirj

• Yc drjcôkitrj

Urjdigbkbictj

Ufrf lf fgkbcbstrfdbôc gi lfs pruiafs, giai bkprbkbr, pfrf dfgf suoitj, lf tfrif gi
dfcdilfdbôc (tfrif F6 y F1) y lf tfrif gi dældulj (tfrif A6 y A1).

  F djctbcufdbôc, pripfri ucf kisf lbari gi gbstrfddbjcis. Tjari illf sjlfkicti giaic
icdjctrfrsi lf mjof gjcgi si vfyf f riflbzfr lf tfrif djrrispjcgbicti y il lfpbdirj pfrf lf
tfrif gi dfcdilfdbôc (duflqubir jtrj tbpj gi kftirbfl foicj f lf pruiaf puigi fhidtfr f lf
ioidudbôc gi lfs tfrifs, gisvbfcgj lf fticdbôc gil suoitj y lbkbtfcgj, pjr tfctj, lf
bctirpritfdbôc gi ljs risultfgjs). Il flukcj, ic su rjl gi ixpirbkictfgjr, si sbtufræ f uc
lfgj gi lf kisf y il suoitj fl jtrj lfgj. Lf mfabtfdbôc ic lf qui si riflbdi lf pruiaf giai
istfr ic sblicdbj, pfrf ivbtfr cuivfs huictis gi gbstrfddbôc.

Ycf viz fdjkjgfgj il suoitj, ixplëquili qui vf f riflbzfr gjs sicdbllfs tfrifs? ucf f
djctbcufdbôc gi lf jtrf y, pjr ÿltbkj, ticgræ qui mfdir fkafs gi hjrkf sbkultæcif.
 

Ufrf lf prbkirf tfrif, si sbtÿf lf mjof gi dfcdilfdbôc (F6) gilfcti g

gil
il suoitj, si li gf uc
lfpbdirj, y si li prjpjrdbjcfc lfs sb`ubictis bcstruddbjcis?

“Wfdmi ic istf mjof, gi bzqubirgf f giridmf, tjgjs ljs 1 qui icduictri. Bcticti br lj kæs
ræpbgj pjsbali, pirj prjduri cj sfltfrsi cbc`ucj. ºUripfrfgj:‛

Dufcgj si li gâ lf jrgic gi djkiczfr, si pjcgræ ic kfrdmf il drjcôkitrj. Wrfcsdurrbgjs

75 si`ucgjs si gf pjr hbcflbzfgf lf tfrif.

  Ti ritbrf lf mjof gi lf tfrif gi dfcdilfdbôc y si bcbdbf lf si`ucgf tfrif. Fl suoitj si li

sukbcbstrf lf sb`ubicti djcsb`cf? “Fmjrf mfrikjs ucf tfrif gi dældulj sicdbllf. Giai gidbr,
ic vjz fltf, il risultfgj gi lfs jpirfdbjcis qui li vjy prjpjcbicgj‛.

Gi cuivj, fl djkiczfr, si pjci ic kfrdmf il drjcôkitrj y si li vfc sukbcbstrfcgj, gi

hjrkf jrfl, lfs jpirfdbjcis gi lf mjof
mj of A6. Il ixpirbkictfgjr fcjtfræ lfs rispuistfs qui vf
gfcgj il suoitj ic gbdmf mjof. Lf tfrif hbcflbzf trfcsdurrbgjs 75 si`ucgjs. Ujr ÿltbkj, si
sbtÿf lf mjof gi dfcdilfdbôc (F1) gilfcti gil suoitj, si li gf uc lfpbdirj y si li bcgbdf?

  “Fmjrf mfrikjs fkafs tfrifs sbkultæcifkicti. Gi cuivj, giai tfdmfr il cÿkirj “1‛
tjgfs lfs vidis qui lj icduictri
icdu ictri lj kæs ræpbgj pjsbali y, fl kbskj tbikpj, ticgræ qui
risjlvir lfs jpirfdbjcis frbtkâtbdfs, si`ÿc si lfs vfyf bcgbdfcgj i bchjrkfr gi illfs ic vjz
fltf. ºUripfrfgj:‛. Ycf viz kæs, fl djkiczfr lf tfrif si pjci ic kfrdmf il drjcôkitrj.
Fkafs tfrifs hbcflbzfc trfcsdurrbgjs 75 si`ucgjs.

  Djc istf
istf ÿltbkf
ÿltbkf tfrif, lf ridj`bgf
ridj`bgf gi gftjs mf hbcflbzfgj.
hbcflbzfgj. Ti bchjrkf fl suoitj
suoitj qui su

 pfrtbdbpfdbôc mf djcdlubgj y si li f`rfgidi il bctirâs kjstrfgj. Il ixpirbkictfgjr giairæ,

 pjstirbjrkicti, djctfr y fcjtfr ic lf mjof gi rispuistfs ljs risultfgjs gi dfgf ucf gi lfs
tfrifs. Qispidtj f lf tfrif gi dfcdilfdbôc, giairæ djcsb`cfr il cÿkirj gi rispuistfs
djrridtfs (“1‛ djrridtfkicti tfdmfgjs). Qispidtj f lf tfrif gi dældulj, giairæ djcsb`cfr,
fsbkbskj, il cÿkirj gi sjludbjcis djrridtfs gfgfs f lfs jpirfdbjcis plfctifgfs. Ycf viz
djcsb`cfgjs tjgjs ljs gftjs ic lf mjof gi rispuistf, giai djkpfrfr il ricgbkbictj ic lfs
tfrifs F6 y A6 ic djkpfrfdbôc djc il jaticbgj ic lfs tfrifs F1 y A1 (ioidutfgfs
sbkultæcifkicti).
 

Ioikplj gi dældulj

Ioirdbdbj gi Kikjrbf

 Ic il ioirdbdbj gi Kikjrbf llfkfgj Kitbdmi, si riflbzô lf fplbdfdbôc bcgbvbgufl djc

læpbz y pfpil i bkæ`icis f prisictfr (Bkæ`icis 6, 1, 4, y 7), qui si bkprbkbirjc, ic

duftrj tfroitfs sipfrfgfs pfrf su utblbzfdbôc. Ytblbzfcgj lfs gbkicsbjcis
ridjkicgfgfs qui sjc 19 dk gi fltj pjr 15 dk gi fcdmj y lf bkprisbôc mbzj, djc
ucf dflbgfg ôptbkf y djc ixdilicti risjludbôc pfrf `frfctbzfr djkplitf cbtbgiz gil
gbauoj, hfdblbtfcgj gi istf hjrkf ucf bkf`ic ôptbkf pfrf riflbzfr il ioirdbdbj.

Urjdigbkbictj?

 Tiliddbjci gjs pfrtbdbpfctis, dfgf ucj djchjrkfgj pjr ucj gi ljs suoitjs
 pfrtbdbpfctis.


 Ycf viz tic`f ljs 1 pfrtbdbpfctis ripfrtbgjs ic gjs `rupjs, fsi`ÿrisi qui lfs
djcgbdbjcis gi fplbdfdbôc gi lfs hbdmfs (gbauojs) sifc lfs kbskfs pfrf ljs gjs
`rupjs y djctrjli qui lf prisictfdbôc gi ljs gbauojs si mf`f gi hjrkf kuy ræpbgf
(ucj j kæxbkj gjs si`ucgjs gi ixpjsbdbôc) pfrf `frfctbzfr kfyjr bkpfdtj. Is
ridjkicgfali qui isti ioirdbdbj lj riflbdic ljs gjs `rupjs gi pfrtbdbpfctis pjr
sipfrfgj.
 Kbictrfs ucj gi ljs `rupjs riflbzf lf prbkirf pfrti gil ioirdbdbj, il jtrj `rupj cj
 puigi kbrfr lf fplbdfdbôc gi lfs bkæ`icis cb ictirfrsi gi lfs rispuistfs gi ljs qui
istæc riflbzfcgj il ioirdbdbj.
 R dufcgj il si`ucgj `rupj istâ riflbzfcgj lf si`ucgf pfrti gil ioirdbdbj, il prbkir
`rupj tfkpjdj giai kbrfr lf fplbdfdbôc gil prbkir `rupj cb ictirfrsi gi lfs
rispuistfs> pjr illj si su`biri qui lf fplbdfdbôc si mf`f pjr sipfrfgj. Ic lfs gjs
 pfrtis gil ioirdbdbj lf pirsjcf qui mfdi lf fplbdfdbôc giai kjstrfr pjr ispfdbj
kæxbkj gi gjs si`ucgjs lf prbkirf bkf`ic (bkf`ic 6) y icsi`ubgf lf si`ucgf
bkf`ic (bkf`ic 1), si`ubgf gi uc dufgrj gjcgi pjgræ isdrbabr bckigbftfkicti lj
qui mf pirdbabgj (hjrkftj gi ri`bstrj gil pfrtbdbpfcti).
 Lui`j fl si`ucgj `rupj si kuistrf pjr il kbskj lfpsj gi kæxbkj 1 si`ucgjs lf
tirdirf bkf`ic (bkf`ic 4) y icsi`ubgf lf dufrtf bkf`ic (bkf`ic 7). Ujstirbjrkicti
 

si lis ictri`f il dufgrj gjcgi pjgræ isdrbabr j fcjtfr bckigbftfkicti lj qui mf

 pirdbabgj (hjrkftj gi ri`bstrj gil pfrtbdbpfcti).
pfrtbdbpfcti).

Djcsjlbgfgj gi risultfgjs pjr prjdisj. Fticdbôc, Uirdipdbôc y Kikjrbf.

IOIQDBDBJT GI FWICDBÔC
UFQWBDBUFCWI # 6

Tuoitj @irsjc `rfcof Tfldigj

Igfg 49 föjs
 Cbvil Igudftbvj Urjhisbjcfl
Uruiaf Qisultfgj
Wfrif F6 1= Fdbirtjs 98%

Wfrif A6 77 Fdbirtjs 20.0%

Wfrif F1 1 Fdbirtjs 7%
Wfrif A1 79 Fdbirtjs 655%
Jasirvfdbjcis? Il pfrtbdbpfcti ic istf pruiaf si puigi gfr duictf qui ic lfs tfrif A6 R A1
tbici kudmf mfablbgfgis pfrf mfdir ioirdbdbjs gi dældulj lj dufl gbdi qui si li hfdblbtf mfdir 
jpirfdbjcis kictflkicti y ræpbgj, is pjr isj qui jatuvj fl 655% y il ioirdbô gi lf tfrif
F6 R F1 cj si hfdblbtô kudmj lj dufl ic lf prbkirf gi F6 si ishjrzô pirj ic lf F1 cj li hui
kuy abic yf qui jatuvj uc 7 %

UFQWBDBUFCWI #1

Tuoitj Kfrlicy Dfkpjs Qfkëriz

Igfg 77 föjs
 Cbvil Igudftbvj Urjhisbjcfl
Uruiaf Qisultfgj
Wfrif F6 41 Fdbirtjs 87%
Wfrif A6 10 Fdbirtjs 85%

Wfrif F1 11 Fdbirtjs 77%

 

Wfrif A1 64 Fdbirtjs 1=%

Jasirvfdbjcis?
Lf pfrtbdbpfcti pfrf ikpizfr si sbctbô uc pjdj cirvbjsf picsfaf qui cj li fldfczfrëf il
tbikpj pirj lui`j gbspusj gi kudmf fticdbôc lj dufl pjgikjs jasirvfr qui frrjoj lf
sb`ubicti kfcirf? pfrf lfs tfrif gi F6 R F1 si puigi vir qui lf pfrtbdbpfcti tbici kæs
fticdbôc
fticdbôc pfrf pjgir vir ljs 1 yf qui jatuvj kudmj kæs fdbirtjs,
fdbirtjs, pirj ic lf tfrif A6 R A1
si sbctbô abic pirj lj mbzj kæs dubgfgjsf yf qui cj tbici tfctf mfablbgfg qui pfrf isi
ioirdbdbj gi dældulj.

UFQWBDBUFCWI #4

Tuoitj Gjstbc Qjgrë`uiz

Igfg 40föjs
 Cbvil Igudftbvj Wâdcbdj
Uruiaf Qisultfgj
Wfrif F6 45 Fdbirtjs 85%
Wfrif A6 6= Fdbirtjs 75%
Wfrif F1 62Fdbirtjs 4=%
Wfrif A1 67 Fdbirtjs 46,6%
Jasirvfdbjcis?
Il pfrtdbpfci si kfcuvj icusbfskfgj fl kjkicj gi riflbzfr lfs fdtvbgfgis gi ficdbôc

sj
sjs
sic
icbg
bgf
f f is
isi
i pfrt
pfrtdb
dbpf
pfc
ci
i li hui
hui ku
kuy
y abic
abic djc
djc ljs
ljs ioi
ioirdb
rdbdb
dbjs
js gi kfci
kfcirf
rf bcgb
bcgbvb
vbgu
gufl
fl,, f

gb
gbhiri
hiricdb
cdbf
f ljs gjs ioirdb
ioirdbdbj
dbjss qui djcsbs
djcsbsfc
fc ic utlbzf
utlbzfrr j kfc
kfcic
icir
ir ucf fi
ficdb
cdbôc
ôc gbvbgb
gbvbgbgf
gf il

bci`rfci si jkô kæs tikpj pfrf riflbzfr ljs ioirdbdbjs y icëf lf icgicdbf djchucgbr lfs

rispuisfs.
 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #7

Tuoitj 1 Rfkblf Ubkbictf

Igfg 49 föjs
 Cbvil Igudftbvj Ycbvirsbgfg.
  U ruiaf
Ur Qisultfgj
Wfrif F6 48 Fdbirtjs 01%
Wfrif A6 10 Fdbirtjs 85%
Wfrif F1 4= Fdbirtjs 08%
Wfrif A1 19Fdbirtjs 90,0%
Jasirvfdbjcis?
Is ucf pfrtbdbpfcti fdtbvf ic su prjdisj gi hjrkfdbôc dj`cbtbvf, kfcbhbistf qui li
`ustf mfdir gbvirsfs djsfs fl tbikpj, istj li pirkbti ioirdbtfr lf fticdbôc gbvbgbgf gi fllë
il âxbtj ic sus risultfgjs gurfcti il ioirdbdbj fplbdfgj gi hjrkf sbkultæcif.

UFQWBDBUFCWI #9

Tuoitj 1 Quay Mircæcgiz

Igfg 62 föjs
 Cbvil Igudftbvj Istugbfcti Ycbvirsbtfrbf.
  U ruiaf
Ur Qisultfgj
Wfrif F6 12 Fdbirtjs 9=%
Wfrif A6 66 Fdbirtjs 11%
Wfrif F1 18 Fdbirtjs 91%
Wfrif A1 66Fdbirtjs 11%
Jasirvfdbjcis?
Jasirvi fcsbigfg y si`urbgfg ic il kjkictj qui gisfrrjlli il ioirdbdbj

UFQWBDBUFCWI #8

Tuoitj 1 Dflbxtj Dfkfr`j

Igfg 48 föjs
 Cbvil Igudftbvj Aæsbdf Ti`ucgfrbf
Uruiaf Qisultfgj
Wfrif F6 18 Fdbirtjs 91%
Wfrif A6 69 Fdbirtjs 45%
Wfrif F1 11 Fdbirtjs 77%
Wfrif A1 65Fdbirtjs 15%
 

Jasirvfdbjcis?
Jasirvi djchusbôc gbhbdultfg, cirvbjs, ic il kjkictj qui gisfrrjllô il ioirdbdbj.

IOIQDBDBJT GI KIKJQBF
UFQWBDBUFCWI #6

Ufdbicti? Lf pfrtbdbpfcti ic lf riflbzfdbôc gil ioirdbô gi Kikjrbf lj`rô

Dfkblf Fcgrif bgictbhbdfr gi lf sb`ubicti kfcirf?
Dfbdigj 7 tëtuljs? 75 puctjs
69 pflfarfs? 09 puctjs
Bgictbhbdj lf pflfarf  KIWBDMI ? 45 UYCWJT
 KIWBDMI 

WJWFL? 679 UYCWJT 

Ufrf illf hui ucf ixpirbicdbf gi uc ritj yf qui fyugf fl istrâs yf
qui pjr il trfafoj qui si gisikpiöf li mfdi hfltf.

UFQWBDBUFCWI #1

Ufdbicti? Lf pfrtbdbpfcti ic lf riflbzfdbôc gil ioirdbô gi Kikjrbf lj`rô

Oulbf Hbirrj bgictbhbdfr gi lf sb`ubicti kfcirf?
9 tëtuljs? 95 puctjs
65 pflfarfs? 95 puctjs
Bgictbhbdj lf pflfarf  KIWBDMI ? 45 UYCWJT
 KIWBDMI 

WJWFL? 645 UYCWJT 

Ufrf illf is ucf ixpirbicdbf sb`cbdftvf qui li fyugf pfrf il isrâs
isrâ s djc

85 föjs gi igfg
 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #4

Ufdbicti? Lf pfrtbdbpfcti ic lf riflbzfdbôc gil ioirdbô gi Kikjrbf lj`rô

Quay Hbirrj bgictbhbdfr gi lf sb`ubicti kfcirf?
7 tëtuljs? 75 puctjs
11 pflfarfs? 665puctjs
Bgictbhbdj lf pflfarf  KIWBDMI ? 45 UYCWJT
 KIWBDMI 

WJWFL? 6=5 UYCWJT 

 

Ujrdictfoi gi 655- 25%

 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #7

 Ufdbicti Il pfrtbdbpfcti ic lf riflbzfdbôc gil ioirdbô gi Kikjrbf lj`rô

Dflbxtj Dfkfr`j bgictbhbdfr gi lf sb`ubicti kfcirf?
1tëtuljs? 15puctjs
66 pflfarfs? 99puctjs
 Cj Bgictbhbdj lf pflfarf  KIWBDMI ? 5 UYCWJT
 KIWBDMI 

WJWFL? 09 UYCWJT 
Ujrdictfoi gi 655- 81.9%
 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #9

Ufdbicti? Lf pfrtbdbpfcti ic lf riflbzfdbôc gil ioirdbô gi Kikjrbf lj`rô

Rfkblf Ubkbictf bgictbhbdfr gi lf sb`ubicti kfcirf?
9 tëtuljs? 95 puctjs
14 pflfarfs? 669puctjs
Bgictbhbdj lf pflfarf  KIWBDMI ? 45 UYCWJT
 KIWBDMI 

WJWFL? 699 UYCWJT 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #8

 Ufdbicti? Il pfrtbdbpfcti ic lf riflbzfdbôc gil ioirdbô gi Kikjrbf lj`rô

Gustbc Qjgrë`uiz bgictbhbdfr gi lf sb`ubicti kfcirf?
7tëtuljs? 75puctjs
17pflfarfs? 615puctjs
Bgictbhbdj lf pflfarf  KIWBDMI ? 45 UYCWJT
 KIWBDMI 

WJWFL? 689 UYCWJT 

IOIQDBDBJT GI UIQDIUDBÔC
 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #6

Ufdbicti? Fl pfrtbdbpfcti si li gf lfs bcstruddbjcis gil ioirdbdbj gjcgi si

@irsjc @rfcof Tfldigj li gbdi qui tbici gjs si`ucgjs pfrf qui jasirvi gjs bkæ`icis qui
si li kjstrfrf f djctbcufdbôc?
Bkf`ic 6? jasirvj il rjstrj gi ucf kuoir djc il dfaillj kigbj
lfgj gi hjrkf jcgulfgj, y ljs lfabjs pbctfgjs.
Bkf`ic 1? jasirvj ucf sbluitf gi uc siöjr tjdfcgj il sfxjhôc 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #1

Ufdbicti? Ojmfc Fcgrâs Fl pfrtbdbpfcti si li gf lfs bcstruddbjcis gil ioirdbdbj gjcgi

gjc gi si li
Ufsdufs gbdi qui tbici gjs si`ucgjs pfrf qui jasirvi gjs bkæ`icis qui si
li kjstrfrf f djctbcufdbôc?
Bkf`ic 6? jasirvj ucf sbluitf gi uc mjkari sjcrbicti djc `fhfs
tjdfcgj il sfxjhôc
Bkf`ic 1? jasirvj ucf sjkarf
sjkarf gi uc mjkari tjdfcgj sfxjhôc
UFQWBDBUFC #4

Ufdbicti? Ti riflbzô il ioirdbdbj gi lf pirdipdbôc y si jaticic fl`ucjs risulfgjs

Dflbxtj Dfkfr`j ic gjcgi lf bkf`ic si lj`rf bgictdfr djc ucf dflbgfg gil 655% lf

bkf`ic, ic gjcgi bcbdbflkici Dflbxj jasirvj f uc siöjr jdfcgj

sfxjhôc, y ucf bkf`ic gi ucf siöjrf, ljs risulfgjs cjs kuisrf qui lj

qui cflkici pirkbi isfalidir qui lf pirdipdbôc is lf dfpfdbgfg

d fpfdbgfg gi

pirdbabr y lf isfablbgfg djc lf qui dfpf lf bchjrkfdbôc, f rfvâs gi ljs

sictgjs qui cflkici kuisrf uc risulfgj (Kfrbcf 622=? 641) Rf

qui pfrf isi ioirdbdbj si utlbzf uc gi uc kidfcbskj fdtvj,

djcsrudtvj il dufl sbikpri gipicgi gi lf dfctgfg gi lf bchjrkfdbôc y

il bcirâs qui lf pfdbici ic`f gi quirir hjdflbzfr lf bchjrkfdbôc

jasirvfgf y pirdbabgf `rfdbfs f lf dfpfdbgfg qui isi tici, lj qui

cflkici pirkbi djcdlubr is qui il pfdbici cj dfpf djc hfdblbgfg y

gi bcgf`f ic su djcgbdbjcis gi sflug ic gjcgi isi flugi mfair suhrbgj

gi kicbc`bts lj qui cjs llivf f gigudbr qui isf ichirkigfg f dfusfgj

d fusfgj

gföjs y flirfdbjcis ic lf dfpfdbgfg gi pirdbabr yf qui si kuisrf

 

rfcqublj ic il ioirdbdbj sus giguddbjcis cj ivbgicdbf kudmf

bchjrkfdbôc.

Bkf`ic 6? uc siöjr tjdfcgj il sfxjhôc

Bkf`ic 1? ucf bkf`ic gi ucf siöjrf

UFDBICWI #7

Ufdbicti? Ti riflbzô il ioirdbdbj gi lf pirdipdbôc y si jaticic fl`ucjs

Quay Mircæcgiz risulfgjs ic gjcgi lf bkf`ic si lj`rf bgictdfr djc ucf dflbgfg gil

655% lf bkf`ic, ic gjcgi bcbdbflkici Quay jasirvf ucf kuoir, lui`j

uc mjkari jdfcgj sfxjhôc, ucf kuoir rbsi y cflkici si lj`rf

jasirvfr uc mjkari jdfcgj sfxjhôc y ic lf kfcj uc db`frrbllj, ljs

risulfgjs cjs kuisrf qui lj qui cflkici pirkbi isfalidir qui lf

pirdipdbôc is lf dfpfdbgfg gi pirdbabr y lf isfablbgfg djc lf qui dfpf lf

bchjrkfdbôc, f rfvâs gi ljs sictgjs qui cflkici kuisrf uc

risulfgj (Kfrbcf 622=? 641) Rf qui pfrf isi ioirdbdbj si utlbzf uc gi

uc kidfcbskj fdtvj, djcsrudtvj il dufl sbikpri gipicgi gi lf

dfctgfg gi lf bchjrkfdbôc y il bcirâs qui lf pfdbici ic`f gi quirir

hjdflbzfr lf bchjrkfdbôc jasirvfgf y pirdbabgf `rfdbfs f lf dfpfdbgfg qui

isf tici.

Bkf`ic 6? Ycf kuoir. Yc mjkari jdfcgj sfxjhôc 

Bkf`ic 1? Ycf kuoir rbsi. Yc mjkari jdfcgj sfxjhôc y ic lf
kfcj uc db`frrbllj.
 

UFQWBDBUFCWI #9

Ufdbicti? Bkf`ic 6 `rupj 6? Ti jasirvf f ucf kuoir ili`fcti y kuy

Gustbc Qjgrë`uiz mirkjsf, djc ucf kbrfgf pbdfrf y ucf ajdf dfrcjsf.
Bkf`ic 6 `rupj 1? Fpridbj uc mjkari tjdfcgj uc bcstrukictj
kusbdfl y djc uc fvi qui si dirdf f lf flturf gi su rjstrj

Bkf`ic 1 `rupj 6? Ic istf bkf`ic si kuistrf ucf kuoir dfsfgf

djc `fcfs gi gjrkbr.
Bkf`ic 1 `rupj 1? Il pfrtbdbpfcti sjcrëi, qui jasirvf f lf
 

kuoir dfcsfgf pirj tfkabâc f uc mjkari ci`rj .

UFQWBDBUFCWI #8

Ufdbicti? Bkf`ic 6 `rupj 6? jasirvf f ucf kuoir kbrfcgj fl`j j fl`ubic

Rfkblf Ubkbictf f su bzqubirgf.
Bkf`ic 6 `rupj 1? Ic istf bkf`ic vi f uc sfxjhjcbstf tjdfcgj
ucf dfcdbôc kbrfcgj fl pÿalbdj qui lj jasirvf
  Bkf`ic 1 `rupj 6? Jasirvf f uc mjkari gi igfg pjr lf pjsturf
gi su duirpj tjdfcgj sfxjhôc fgikæs gbdi qui is cfrbzôc y qui
illf qubsbirf ticir lf cfrbz b`ufl gi `rfcgi.
Bkf`ic 1 `rupj 1? Kfcbhbistf vir f uc mjkari dfcsfgj gi
tfctj tjdfs sfxjhôc.

Fcælbsbs gi ljs risultfgjs? ic isti fpfrtfgj il `rupj djlfajrftbvj prisictf f kfcirf

gi djcdlusbjcis fspidtjs djcdritjs qui rilfdbjcfc lf tijrëf djc il gisfrrjllj gil
ioirdbdbj prædtbdj, is gidbr gi lf rivbsbôc tiôrbdf, qui fspidtjs bgictbhbdô, djrrjajrô y
icdjctrô ic il prjdisj gi fplbdfdbôc gi ljs ioirdbdbjs y sus risultfgjs .
 

Djcdlusbjcis
 
 

Qihiricdbfs Abalbj`ræhbdfs

@frdëf, @. I. L. (1567). Usbdjlj`ëf `icirfl (4f. ig.). Dfpëtulj 4, pæ`bcf 74 f 07. Kâxbdj,
G.H., K]? Lfrjussi - @rupj Igbtjrbfl Uftrbf. Qidupirfgj gi
mttp?//abalbjtidfvbrtufl.ucfg.igu.dj?1500/lba/ucfgsp/rifgir.fdtbjc:
 pp`;67=&gjdBG;66578817&tk;67=676114751=

@frdëf, @. I. L. (1567). Usbdjlj`ëf `icirfl (4f. ig.). Dfpëtulj 7 pæ`bcf =0 f 65=. Kâxbdj,
G.H., K]? Lfrjussi - @rupj Igbtjrbfl Uftrbf. Qidupirfgj gi
mttp?//abalbjtidfvbrtufl.ucfg.igu.dj?1500/lba/ucfgsp/rifgir.fdtbjc:
 pp`;67=&gjdBG;66578817&tk;67=676114751=

Ujrdil, D. O. (1550). Qivbsbôc `icirfl gil djcdiptj gi fticdbôc. Kfgrbg, IT? BFIY. Wixtj
djkplitj. Qidupirfgj gi
mttp?//abalbjtidfvbrtufl.ucfg.igu.dj?1500/lba/ucfgsp/rifgir.fdtbjc:

 pp`;0&gjdBG;65689=91&tk;672=697602662