SECTION 800 – QUARRIES, BORROW PITS, STOCKPILE AND SPOIL AREAS

Page No.
801 GENERAL 8-1
802 DEFINITIONS 8-1
803 LOCATING MATERIAL SOURCES 8-2
804 SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH REQUIREMENTS 8-4
805 ACCESS ROADS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL 8-5
806 SITE CLEARANCE AND REMOVAL OF TOPSOIL AND
OVERBURDEN 8-5
807 SELECTION, MIXING AND STOCKPILING OF MATERIALS 8-5
808 PRE-SELECTION OF MATERIALS 8-6
809 PROCESSING 8-7
810 MATERIAL UTILISATION 8-9
811 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 8-9
SECTION 800 – QUARRIES, BORROW PITS, STOCKPILE AND SPOIL AREAS

801. GENERAL

Unless otherwise stated in the contact, it is the responsibility of the Contractor to

select the sources of aggregates for concrete, stone for base, sub base, bituminous
mix base binder course and wearing course, chipping for surface, rock fill for
swamps etc. and the sources of natural/suitable materials, such as fill material, for
the construction of embankments, gravel for sub base, base, surfacing and
shoulder. Such sources shall be designated as rock quarries, quarries, alluvial
deposits and borrow and are defined in Clause 802. Certain rock quarries,
quarries, alluvial deposits, borrow pits may have or have been identified prior to
the commencement of the contract and the Engineer shall instruct the Contractor
as to which of these shall be utilized for the extraction as natural or suitable
materials to be used in the works.

Provisions are included in subsequent clause of this Specification for additional

rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits borrow pits to be identified and located
by the Contractor during the contract. Stockpile and spoil shall be located by the
Contractor subject to the approval the Engineer.

802. DEFINITIONS

(1) Rock Quarry

A rock quarry is an open surface working in massive rock form which stone
is removed by drilling and blasting for use in the works.

(2) Quarry

A quarry is an open surface working form which stone or aggregate for sub
base, base and surfacing are extracted for use in the works.

(3) Alluvial Deposit

An alluvial deposit is a site where gravel and aggregate of alluvial origin are
extracted for use in the works.

(4) Borrow Pit

A borrow pit is a site from which loose material, other than stone, is
removed for use in the works.

(5) Stockpile Area

A stockpile area is an area where material such as topsoil, fill material,

gravel or aggregate is stockpiled prior to use in the works.
 (6) Spoil Area

A spoil area is a site upon which surplus or unsuitable materials arising out
of works are dumped within or beyond the road reserve as indicated on the
Drawing or directed by the Engineer.

803. LOCATING MATERIAL SOURCES

(1) The Contractor shall be responsible for locating all material sources and for
the acquisition or renting of all land required for rock quarries, quarries,
alluvial deposit, borrow pits, spoil and stockpile areas and for access thereto
in accordance with the Conditions of Contract.

The location and size of rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposit borrow pits,
spoil and stockpile areas proposed by the Contractor shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer.

The Engineer shall withhold his approval, if in his opinion the rock quarry,
quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow pit, spoil and stockpile area, or access into
them.

(a) will have a detrimental effect on the environment;

(b) would be very difficult to acquire;
(c) is in or near an urban centre;
(d) will require an access road which is excessively long;
(e) has excessively thick layers of overburden;
(f) covers too large an area;
(g) would constitute a danger to the public;
(h) is an excessive distance from the location where the material is to be
used or removed from; or
(i) a source of suitable material is closer.

(2) The Contractor shall submit for the Engineer’s approval full information
regarding the proposed location of the material source not later than 30 days
after issue the order to commence the works of all rock quarries, quarries,
alluvial deposits, borrow pits, spoil and stockpile areas that the Contractor
will require for the whole the works.

The Contractor’s written notice shall include the following for each rock
quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow pit, spoil and stockpile areas:

(a) A plan at 1:500 scale in ink on a stable transparent material giving

details of:

i) plot boundaries;
ii) owners names and addresses, and if appropriate identification
numbers;
 iii) the District, Location, Registration Section and Number for each
plot;
iv) local details such as building, fences, types and areas of cultivation
and services, all agreed with the Land Owners; and
v) areas to be used for working areas, stockpile areas, safety blasting
zones etc;

(b) Cadastral maps covering the areas to be acquired when available.

(c) Detail of the proposed access road route.

(d) Technical supporting information relevant to rock quarries, quarries,

alluvial deposits, borrows pits, including:

i) Summary of geophysical surveys (electric, and/or seismic),

geotechnical survey, indicating for alluvial deposit the thickness of
layers, thickness of overburden, lenticular beds depth and
configuration of the bedrock, etc., and in addition for rock quarries,
the discontinuity families, the intervals between discontinuities,
thickness and nature of the infilling, the Weathering Index.

ii) Laboratory results including petrographic identification, and for

alluvial deposit material, grading, tests on the fine fraction (PI, SE,
Methylene Blue test, Mica content, Organic matters), tests on the
coarse fraction (LAA, AIV, ACV, Micro Deval, FI, Adhesivity
test), CBR test, or for quarry material, LAA, AIV, ACV, Micro
Deval, Adhesivity test, Specific Gravity, Water Absorption.

iii) Conclusions on qualities and quantities.

(3) Where the Contractor uses a rock quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, or a
borrow pit identified or instructed by the Engineer he shall obtain the
Engineer’s approval of the areas required for the rock quarry, quarry,
alluvial deposit, or borrow pit and of the siting of the access roads into the
rock quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, or borrow pit. The Engineer may
required the Contractor to modify his requirements for any of the reasons
outlined in Sub-clause 803 (1) (a), (b), (c), (d) or (f).

Where rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits, or borrow pits, available for
inspection at the time of the Tender, are instructed by the Engineer the
Contractor shall satisfy himself as to the quality and quantity of materials
available before providing the information required in this Clause. Should
such investigations reveal tat there is insufficient suitable material for the
use for which such material sources were intended, the Contractor shall
immediately inform the Engineer in writing and the Engineer shall either
direct that such sources are extended or that new sources shall be used.
 (4) When a rock quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow pit spoil or stockpile
area has insufficient suitable material or area for the use for which it was
intended the Contractor shall propose in writing that either any existing rock
quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow pit, spoil or stockpile area be
extended or that a new rock quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow pit spoil
or stockpile area shall be used. The approval and acquisition of such new or
extended rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits, borrow pits, spoil or
stockpile areas shall in accordance with all the above provisions of this
Clause for the acquisition of the original rock quarries, quarries, alluvial
deposits, borrow pits, spoil or stockpile areas.

804. SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH REQUIREMENTS

The Contractor shall comply with the prevalent laws and Regulations including
those of the Local Authority regarding public health and safety in respect of the
operation of rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposit, borrow pits, spoil or
stockpile areas, and in the absence of, or in addition to such Regulations, shall
comply with the following conditions :-

(1) All areas of work, if they are not naturally under water, shall be drained and
kept drained where a quarry or borrow pit has been excavated such that it
will not drain naturally, it shall be kept pumped dry while being used.

(2) The Contractor shall confine his operations solely to the areas provided and
shall demarcate the boundary of the area and erect temporary or permanent
fencing as instructed by the Engineer.

(3) Where the height of any face exceeds 1 metre, the Contractor shall provide,
erect and maintain at his own expense stock proof fencing and gates to
prevent unauthorized access to the top of the working face.

(4) On completion of the work all faces shall be neatly trimmed to a slope
flatter than 1:4. Where this is impracticable or where the working face is to
be left exposed, the edge shall be permanently fenced, as instructed by the
Engineer and measurement and payment for such fencing shall be in
accordance with Section 400.

(5) On completion of work temporary fences and all temporary structures shall
be demolished and removed. All latrine pits shall be filled in and drained.
The site shall be topsoiled and left neat and tidy.

805. ACCESS ROADS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL

The Contractor shall comply with the provisions of Clause 103 and with the
Conditions of Contract with regard to the construction and maintenance of access
roads to rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits, borrow pits spoil and stockpile
areas and with regard to traffic operations thereon.
806. SITE CLEARANCE AND REMOVAL OF TOPSOIL AND OVERBURDEN

Unless otherwise specified in the contract or instructed by the Engineer, the

Contractor shall clear the sites of all rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits,
borrow pits, spoil and stockpile areas in accordance with Section 200 but
measurement and payment shall be made in accordance with this Section. All
existing fences, tree, hedges and other features which the Engineer shall instruct
shall not be removed or otherwise dealt. They shall be protected in accordance
with Section 200.

Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove topsoil
and/or overburden from rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits, borrow pits and
spoil and stockpile areas. The Engineer shall direct whether topsoil shall be
stripped and stockpiled separately or shall be excavated and spoiled together with
the overburden. If suitable, the Engineer may direct for the use of overburden in
the works.

On completion of the work in any rock quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow
pit, spoil or stockpile area the overburden and/or topsoil which has not been used
in the works shall be pushed back, spread and landscaped over the area of the rock
quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow pit, spoil or stockpile area. Where topsoil
has been stockpiled separately, it shall be pushed back and spared over the rock
quarry, quarry, alluvial deposit, borrow pit, spoil or stockpile area after
landscaping unless the Engineer has instructed that it shall be used for topsoiling
in accordance with Section 600.

807. SELECTION, MIXING AND STOCKPILING OF MATERIALS

Before a quarry, alluvial deposit or borrow pit is opened, the Engineer shall
instruct the Contractor as to the type of material to be excavated and the areas and
depth to be worked. The Engineer may require specific operations of equipment
according to the characteristics of the raw material and the characteristics of the
final product to be obtained in accordance with Clause 808 and 809 or other
relevant Section of those Specifications.

The Contractor may be required to mix selected material by bulldozing into

stockpiles and/or face loading by shovel. The stockpiles shall be formed at least
six weeks before intended use of the material which are to be treated and at least
three weeks before intended use for materials which are not to be treated.

The Contractor shall ensure that oversize material, clay humus or unsuitable
material encountered in the working operations is separated from the materials
proposed for use in the works and such inferior material shall be removed tot
spoil.

A separate stockpile shall be used for each type and grading of material.
 When removing material from stockpiles, none of the underlying material shall be
mixed with it, and generally at least the bottom 100 mm layer shall be left behind.
Should any stockpile prove surplus to requirements, the Contractor shall spread
the material over the area of the quarry or borrow pit unless directed otherwise by
the Engineer.

808. PRE-SELECTION OF MATERIALS

When necessary to meet requirements of the Specifications for materials extracted

from quarries or alluvial deposits the Contractor shall carry out a preliminary size
selection or screening of the raw material as follows:

(1) Size Selection

The size selection shall be carried out by unloading the material through
appropriate grids to select the size fraction which contains the required
fraction of the required type of stone specified in the Specifications, based
on the identification of the petrographic composition of the various size
classes of the raw material through laboratory trials in accordance with
Clause 506.

The size selection shall be carried out provided the conditions given in
Table 8.1 are fulfilled where:

Rp (%) = the minimal ratio between the quantity of required

material obtained after processing (including selection,
crushing, screening etc.) and the initial quantity of raw
material treated.

Q min (m3) = the minimal quantity of processed materials of such

type required for the works.

A, B, = Classes of material to be produced designated in

accordance with the General Classification of
materials specified in Section 600.

Table 8.1: Conditions for Pre-selection of Size

Quality classes Construction Work Maintenance works

to be produced Rp Q min Rp Q min
(%) (m3) (%) (m3)

A 40 7,500 35 4,000

B 70 85,000 60 20,000
 (2) Quality Control of the Size Selection

Materials of quality classes A or B shall be tested according to their use in

conformance with the relevant Sections of these Specifications.

When the requirements of the final products are not met, the Engineer may
require the Contractor to control the quality of the size selection.

The quality of the size selection shall be assessed by sampling 1000

boulders or stone in every 500 m3 of pre-selected material and counting the
boulders or stones of the required petrographic types. If the percentage of
such boulders or stones in the sample is less than 0.8 of the expected
percentage, the corresponding pre-selected materials shall be pre-selected
again.

809. PROCESSING

The Contractor shall use adequate processing equipment and methods to achieve
the characteristics and performance of the aggregates to be produced.

The processing methods may include successive steps such as primary crushing,
screening for elimination of fine and soft material, secondary crushing and
recycling, washing.

The Contractor shall carry out site trials in accordance with Clause 507 using the
Constructional Plant and methods proposed for selecting and processing the
materials to demonstrate their suitability to achieve the material requirements
specified in the Specifications.

(1) Crushing

The crushing process shall include all crushing stages, such as primary
crushing, secondary crushing or grinding (after primary screening) tertiary
grinding (after secondary screening), as necessary to meet the requirement
of the final product specified in the Specifications.

The feeding hoppers shall be equipped with appropriate devices, such as

drawer or vibrating metallic desk, to allow for a regular and full charge
supply of the material to the crushers.

Depending on the type, size and characteristics of the raw material,

equipment required to meet aggregate characteristic and performances
requirements may include the use of equipment given in Table 8-2
according to the classes of quality of the materials to be produced.
 Table 8.2: Crushing Equipment According to Quality Classes of Final
Material Product.

Quality classes Type of equipment

of the final
product Primary crushing Secondary crushing or Tertiary
grinding Grinding
A or B

ƒ Jaw Crusher or Gyratory ƒ Cone Grinder or

In general Crusher (for more than Gyratory Grinder (for
1000T/h only) more than 1000T/h only)

Quartzite & Sand ƒ Gyratory Crusher (for ƒ Cone Grinder or ƒ Cone Grinder
Production more than 1000T/h only) Gyratory Grinder (Gyradisc)

ƒ Jaw Crusher or Large

ƒ Impact Crusher
Limestone Opening Percussion
(& recycling)
Crusher
ƒ Cone Grinder
C1 ƒ Jaw Crusher
(& recycling)
D1 ƒ Jaw Crusher ƒ (& recycling)

(2) Screening

The Contractor shall eliminate polluted or soft materials after the primary
crushing by screening the crushed materials through a 50 mm mesh screen.

The Engineer may instruct the Contractor to modify the above mentioned
size for the elimination of soft materials according to the results of the
laboratory trials.
In case of materials sensitive to crushing, the Engineer may instruct the
Contractor to carry out a secondary screening after the secondary crushing.

(3) Recycling and Sand Production

According to the type and quality of materials to be produced, and notably

the sand materials, the Contractor shall include in the crushing process the
recycling of the coarse fraction resulting from the primary crushing through
the secondary crusher or through the secondary or tertiary grinder.

(4) Washing

Where the washing of aggregate is required to meet the cleanliness

requirements, and notable for the chippings for surface dressing, the
Contractor shall incorporate to the processing plant an appropriate washing
station including adequate equipment such as vibratory washing machine, a
washing screw, washing tube etc. and of adequate capacity.
 Sand with too high mica content shall be washed using appropriate
equipment such as screw classifiers, paddle wheel etc.
(5) Testing

Each type of final products shall be tested in accordance with the tests and
frequencies of testing as specified in the relevant Sections of these
Specifications.

(6) Records

The Contractor shall maintain records in respect of the following data

throughout the production period:

(a) daily production

(b) testing result, in accordance with the test schedules specified in the
relevant Sections of these Specifications.
(c) Incident occurred during the production, if any.

810. MATERIAL UTILISATION

All materials from rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits, borrow pits as
instructed by the Engineer shall only be used for permanent works shown on the
Drawing or instructed by the Engineer and any other use shall be subject to the
Engineer’s approval.

811. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

No separate measurement and payment shall be made in respect of all items in

this Section, if otherwise not specified in the contract. The Contractor shall be
deemed to have allowed the cost of complying all requirements of this Section
elsewhere in his rates including al site clearance, overburden and topsoil removal,
access roads to rock quarries, quarries, alluvial deposits, borrow pits, spoil or
stockpile areas and reinstatement including landscaping and spreading topsoil.

Where the Engineer has instructed that overburden or topsoil will be used in the
works, measurement and payment shall be in accordance with the relevant
Sections of these Specifications.