saqarTvelo-Rvinis samSoblo

vazi da adamiani, es oreuli_istoriuli movlenaa, xolo maTi

urTierTobiT miRebuli Sedegi qarTuli civilizaciis dasawyisia, romelic
SeniSvnis gareSe, Zv. w. aR. VI aTaswleulidan mainc unda daviwyoT~_wers
akademikosi levan WilaSvili. arqeologebis mier aRmoCenili nivTebi,
sxvadasxva zomis saRvine WurWeli, yurZnis wipwebi da vercxlis
garsakraviani vazis rqebi, Zv. w. aR. IV_III
aTaswleulis qarTvel tomebSi mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis ganviTarebis
damamtkicebel utyuar sabuTs warmoadgens.
Cvens legendebsa da TqmulebebSi eris asaki xSirad vazis xnovanebiT
ganisazRvreba. magaliTad, SiraqSi Cawerili legenda `vazis cremlebi~
mogviTxrobs: `vazs asaki hkiTxes_arc meti, arc naklebi, zustad
saqarTvelos xnisa varo_rogoro?_orive erT dRes davibadeTo~;
saqarTveloSi vazi `sicocxlis xed~ iTvleba.
saqarTveloSi meRvineoba uxsovari droidanaa ganviTarebuli. mis
ganviTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia vazis sxvadasxva jiSs,
romelTa ganviTarebaSic didi wvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos reliefsa da
klimats. mravali arqeologiuri gaTxrebi adasturebs qarTuli Rvinis
kulturis siZveles.
dResac aRtacebas iwvevs qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul Zeglebze
amokveTili vazis ylortebi mtevnebiT, aseTebia: sveticxoveli, zarzma,
gelaTi, nikorwminda, samTavisi, iyalTo, varZia da mravali sxv.
arc erT ers ar moepoveba amdeni simRera Rvinosa da vazisadmi,
ramdenic qarTvels, erT-erTi cnobili sagalobelia: “Sen xar venaxi”.
aRsaRniSnavia is faqtic, rom simRera “mravalJamieri” mxolod im mxareSi
imRereboda sadac vazi iyo gaSenebuli.
saqarTvelosaTvis vazi ekonomikuri siZlieris wyaro iyo. es kargad
icoda mtermac, amitomac mis dasauZlureblad, pirvel rigSi, vazs Cexavda,
qarTvelma glexma Tavisi Tavdadebuli SromiTa da vazisadmi siyvaruliT
gadaarCina da dRemde moitana qarTuli vazi.
amierkavkasia da kerZod – saqarTvelo, unda miviCnioT kulturuli
mevenaxeobis samSoblod. bevri mecnieris azriT, vazi evropis qveynebSi
saqarTvelodan gavrcelda da sityva “Rvinoc” qarTuli warmoSobisaa, razec
TviTon sityva “Rvino” migvaniSnebs, vinaidan Tu qarTul sityva “Rvino”-s
pirvel aso “R”-s CamovaSorebT, miviRebT sityva “vino”-s, rac msoflios
sxsvadasxva enaze Rvinos niSnavs : Wine (inglisurad); Vin (frangulad); Vino
(italiurad); Vino (espanurad); Wein (germanulad); Вино (rusulad da
slavianurad).
wina saukuneebSi MmTasa da barsac venaxiT ganasxvavebdnen: mTa isaa,
sadac venaxi ar xarobso, aq macxovrebeli glexi ki boganoa, bogano ki
uvenaxo glexs ewodeboda. saqarTveloSi agreTve gavrcelebuli iyo samefo,
safeodalo da saeklesio zvar-venaxebi. Rvino aucilebeli da yoveldRiuri
1
sasmeli iyo qarTveli kacisaTvis. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba wiTel Rvinos
eniWeboda, radgan qristianuli religiis gavrcelebis Semdeg mas saeklesio
wirva-locvebze iyeneben da igi qristes sisxlTan aris gaigivebuli. igi
gurunduksa da sakmevelTan erTad uZvelesi droidan religiuri wes-
Cveulebis aucilebel atributs warmoadgens, is udidesi saidumlos _
ziarebis dros gamoiyeneba.
qarTvel kacs Rvinis Sesanaxad marani hqondaT aSenebuli, sadac
uamravi miwaSi Cafluli qvevri iyo ganTavsebuli. qvevrSi Rvinos asxavdnen,
radgan masSi Rvino ufro sasiamovno da aromatuli xdeboda. Rvinis
Senaxvis es meTodi dRevandel soflebSic farTod gamoiyeneba.
saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSia aRmoCenili Zveli drois vazis sasxlavi
danebi, sxvadasxva zomisa da formis doqebi, Rvinis Sesanaxi qvevrebi.
rogorc istoriuli da arqeologiuri gaTxrebi iuwyebian, Rvinis
kultura saqarTveloSi Sulaveridan iwyeba. Sulaveris kultura TariRdeba
Zv. w.-is VII aTaswleulis bolodan V aTaswleulis dasawyisamde. igi
gavrcelebuli yofila aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi, istoriuli qvemo
qarTlis teritoriaze, dRevandeli marneulisa da bolnisis raionebSi.
Sulaveris kulturis Zeglebi mravalfenian gor _ namosaxlarebs
warmoadgens. am kulturis matarebeli mosaxleoba cxovrobda aliziT nageb
wriuli moyvanilobis gumbaTian saxlebSi, icoda Tixis WurWlisa da
iaraRis damzadeba, hyavda Sinauri cxovelis yvela ZiriTadi saxeoba,
mohyavda xorbali da qeri. am kulturam mraval saintereso problemasTan
erTad axleburad warmoaCina vazis gaCenisa da gavrcelebis sakiTxic.
Sulaveris kulturis uZvelesi fenebi gamovlenilia Zvel qarTlSi _
Sulaveris gorasa da imiris goraze. Sulaveris goraze uaRresad
mniSvnelovan arqeologiur masalasTan erTad aRmoCenilia kulturuli
vazis niSnebis mqone yurZnis wipwebi. kidev erT Zeglze, xramis did goraze
napovni iyo yurZnis karbonizebuli wipwa, romelic SemdgomSi daiSala.
istoriuli qvemo qarTlis teritoriaze mikvleulia kulturulTan axlos
mdgomi yurZnis wipwebic. amdagvari wipwebi aRmoCenilia daResatanSic, zRvis
donodan 1700 metris simaRleze gaTxril Coxis namosaxlarSi, sadac arc
veluri da arc kulturuli vazi ar xarobs. es wipwebi, mecnierebis
varaudiT Sulaveris kulturidan unda moxvedriliyo.
Sulaveris gaTxrebamde Rvinis arsebobis erT-erTi yvelaze Zveli
faqti dadasturebuli iyo CrdiloeT iranSi, haji-fruzis fenebSi. romelic
Zv. w. 5400 _ 5000 wlebiT TariRdeba. aq mopovebuli Tixis WurWeli
Seiswavles penselvaniis universitetis laboratoriaSi da daadgines, rom
WurWelis danaleqi Seicavda Rvinis mJavas. SemdgomSi amave laboratoriam
daadastura, rom Sulaveris kulturis Tixis WurWlis natexzec Rvinis
aseTive danaleqia; da radgan Sulaveris kultura ufro adrindelia, vidre
haji-fruzis fenebi, msoflioSi Rvinis arsebobis yvelaze uZvelesma kvalma
qvemo qarTlSi gadmoinacvla.
qvemo qarTlisave adreul samiwadmoqmedo Zeglebs miekuTvneba vazis
mtevnebis reliefuri gamosaxulebiT Semkuli didi zomis dergic. es
yovelive ki saSualebas gvaZlevs mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis uZveles
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centrad saqarTvelo miviCnioT, sadac Zv. w. VII aTaswleulis bolodan
ramdenime Zeglze gvxvdeba kulturuli vazis wipwebi, Rvinis damzadebis
niSnebi da vazis mtevnebiT mxatvrulad damuSavebuli WurWeli.
adigenis raionSi, mdinare ZanZes siaxloves, gaSiSvlebul qanebSi
aRmoCnda moyviTalo feris gaqvavebuli vazis Stampi, romlis diametri 30 sm-
ze metia; is 15 milioni wliT TariRdeba; xolo axalcixis raionSi veluri
vazis lerwisa da foTlebis anabeWdia aRmoCenili, romelTa asaki 10
milioni wliT ganisazRvreba.
IX_XII saukuneebSi RviniT vaWroba aReb-micemis sagansac Seadgenda.
mTaSi mcxovrebni barSi Camodiodnen Rvinis sayidlad. Rvino saqarTvelos
gareTac gahqondaT, kerZod, mcire aziaSi, indoeTSi, somxeTsa da sparseTSi.
aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom am periodSi Rvino iseTi maRali xarisxis iyo,
rom transportirebasac uZlebda.
me_19 saukunis meore naxevarSi vazi 71,2 aTass heqtarze iyo gaSenebuli.
mas ZiriTadad vertikalur mdgomareobaSi zrdidnen, rasac didi
mniSvneloba hqonda xarisxian yurZnis misaRebad. vazis movlisa da gaSenebis
xelovneba dResac uZvelesi meTodebiTa da tradiciebiT xorcieldeba.
saqarTveloSi veluri vazic farTodaa gavrcelebuli, sawarmoo
kulturaSi ki 500-ze meti vazis jiSia cnobili, yurZnis am jiSebidan, 62
standartul asortimentSia Setanili, aqedan 9 sufris da 29 saRvine jiSia,
esenia: “rqawiTeli”, “saferavi”, “kaxuri mwvane”, “cicqa”, “xixvi”, “ojaleSi”,
“aleqsandrouli”, “Cxaveri”, “usaxelouri”, “colikouri”, “Cinuri”, “qisi”,
da sxva. maTi gaSenebis teqnologiac sxvadasxvaa, kerZod: olixnari,
maRlari, dablari, xardani, xeivani, talaveri da sxva.
unda aRiniSnos, rom frangi mogzauri Sardeni, amierkavkasiaSi 1672-
1673ww. mogzaurobisas werda: “SegviZlia dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, rom
msoflioSi ar arsebobs meore qveyana, sadac svamen aseT mSvenier Rvinos,
rogorc saqarTveloSi”.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze Catarebuli gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili
iqna erT-erTi yvelaze sarwmuno ampelografiuli niSniT_vazis wipwebi,
romlebic Cv. w. aR-mde 7_5 aTasi wlis winandeli periodiT TariRdeba
(Sulaveris kultura). es dReisaTvis cnobili kulturuli vazis Vitis Vinifera
Ssp.Sativa-s uZvelesi wipwebia. UZvelesi saRvine WurWeli-dergi yurZnis
gamosaxulebiT, romelic Zveli welTaRricxvis 6-5 aTaswleuliT TariRdeba.
quTaisTan axlos, vanSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros aRmoCenilia Tamadis
brinjaos qandakeba, yanwiT xelSi, romelic Zv. w. me-7 saukuniT TariRdeba,
rac imas miuTiTebs, rom am droisaTvis saqarTveloSi Rvinisa da Rvinis smis
kultura didixis win iyo Camoyalibebuli.
swored am da sxva masalebis safuZvelze londonSi Rvinis
mudmivmoqmed gamofenaze _ “vinopolisSi” _ saqarTvelo aRiares msoflioSi
kulturuli mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis Casaxvis kerad.
saqarTveloSi Rvinis arsebobaze, mis xarisxze da unikalurobaze,
werilobiTi cnobebic arsebobs, romelic daculia berZnul, sparsul da
qarTul wyaroebSi.

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 qsenofonte (Zv. w. V s.) wers, rom kolxebis Rvino “surnelovani da
saamo”iyo.
strabonis ( ZV.w. I s.) cnobiT, iberiaSi yurZeni farTod gavrcelebuli
yofila da vazis iseTi mosavali modioda, mosaxleobas misi sruliad
moxmareba ar SeeZloo.
prokofi kesarieli (VI) gviambobs: ” mesxebi Sromis moyvareni arian,
maT bevri venaxi aqvT da TavianTi Rvino miaqvT sxvadasxva qveynebSi
gasayidad”. es erT-erTi mniSvnelovani cnobaa, vinaidan cxadi xdeba, rom
Zvel mesxebs savaWro urTierTobebi hqondaT damyarebuli mezobel
qveynebTan da adgilobrivi produqti eqsportzec gahqondaT. garda amisa
Rvino erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli gadasaadgilebeli produqti iyo da aris,
dresac da Tu saTanadod ar moepyrobi, gagifuWdeba. aqedan gamomdinare
dazustebiT SeiZleba iTqvas Tu ra daniSnuleba hqonda or kedlian,
Termosis tipis qvevrebs, savaraudod aseTi qvevrebiT xdeboda Rvinis gatana
eqsportze.
mravlis metyvelia is faqtic, rom Sah-abasis dros kaxeTidan iranSi
Rvino xarkis saxiT gahqondaT, es iyo uprecedento movlena im epoqisaTvis.
Sahis karze qarTl-kaxur Rvinos “edemis siTxes” eZaxdnen.

pirveli Rvino da legendebi Rvinoze

Rvinis yvelaze martivi ganmarteba aseTia: - Rvino aris produqti,

romelic miiReba yurZnix wvenis sruli an nawilobrivi alkoholuri
duRilis Sedegad. Rvinis dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneba mwife yurZeni,
sasurvelia Vitis Vinifera-s saxeobis. Tumca aravin icis rogori iyo pirveli
Rvino, an vin da rogor daamzada igi, an saidan gaCnda Tundac Rvinis
damzadebis idea.
Rvino msoflios yvelaze mravalferovani produqtia, radgan igi
sxvadasxva gansxvavebuli saRvine vazis jiSisagan mzaddeba, erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli meTodebiTa da teqnologiebiT, Rvino SeiZleba iyos: cqriala,
mSrali, naxevrad mSrali, naxevrad tkbili, tkbili, Semagrebuli...
zustad aravin icis rogor iyo pirveli Rvino, Tumca daaxloebiT
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es iyo wiTeli Rvino, dabalalkoholiani, mRvrie,
spontanuri, swrafi duRilis Sedegad miRebuli siTxe, romelSic yurZnis
garda SesaZlebelia sxva xilis wvenic eria.
kvlevebis da aRmoCenebis safuZvelze dayrdnobiT, msoflioSi
dominirebs azri, rom pirveli Rvino saqarTveloSi daiwura da
saqarTveloSive moxda pirveli vazis gakulturebac. amis dasturad 6-7
aTasi wlis winandeli yurZnis wipwebi mohyavT. garda amisa saqarTveloSi
fiqsirdeba sxvadasxva uZvelesi yurZnis jiSebi. aris mosazrebac rom,
saqarTvelo aris Rvinis pirveli mwarmoebelic. aqve unda aRiniSnos is
faqtic, rom pirveli Rvinis dasamzadebeli WurWeli miwis zemoT idga.
garda kvlevebisa arsebobs legenda, imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor daibada
pirveli Rvino. legendis Tanaxmad es ambavi daaxloebiT 8 000 wlis win,
4
neoliTis xanaSi, kolxeTis dablobSi moxda. xolo Cvenamde naxSiriT
gamosaxul suraTebsac SemounaxavT, romlebic sicocxlis xalisiTa da
swrafviT, grZnobiT da vnebiT yofila saves. SesaZlebelia ufro metic ki
iyo Cadebuli am suraTebSi vidre Cven SegviZlia aRviqvaT, es adamianebi
veluri bunebis mcxovrebni iyvnen da albaT metad uyvardaT buneba vidre
dRes gviyvars Cven, gansakuTrebiT ki es siyvaruli erT dRes SeigrZnes,
romelsac Tavdaviwyebisa da trfialis gemo erqva da romelic Rvinisgan iyo
gamowveuli.
Cveulebrivi mziani dRe iyo... Citebic Cveulebisamebr WikWikebdnen,
ojaxis meTauric Cveulebisamebr qvis mZime iaraRiTAda basri isriT
SeiaraRda da sanovagis saSovarze gaeSura. im dRes ar gaumarTla, TiTqos
nadiri winaswar grZnobda mis moaxloebas da iqaurobas ecleboda. daRlili
da ganrisxebuli, iqve mindorze Camojda da mowyenilma zecas miapyro mzera
da dainaxa....
mze Cadioda da mzis sxivi sisxlisfrad akiafda ucnauri mcenaris
marcvalze, romelic saocrad lamazi eCvena, patara marcvlebisgan asxmuli
mtevani erTbaSad alisfrad cimcimebda. didxans SiSiT uyurebda, magram
cdunebam sZlia da SiSiT da mowiwebiT gasinja erTi marcvali. saocari
netareba igrZno, es iyo raRac ucxo da uzomod gemrieli; tkbili, rbili,
nazi da aromatuli. es is veluri vazi iyo, dRes rom vazi-krikinas
(uzurvazi) saxeliTaa cnobili da wiTel wignSia Setanili, rogorc
qarTuli endemuri saxeoba.
mas Semdeg yoveldRe dadioda im adgilas da nayofisagan miRebuli
siamovnebiTa da RvTiuri netarebiT tkbeboda.
erTxelac, gadawyvita diasaxlisisaTvis mietana, foTlebisgan Sekra
patara xelCanTa, frTxilad Cado mtevanebi da rogorc didebuli ZRveni ise
miarTva, magram guneba wauxda, roca aRmoaCina, rom mtevnebi gzaSi sul
daWyletiliyo. gadasgdebad ver gaimeta da qvisgan gamoTlil jamSi
moaTavsa, meore diliT ki ixila, rom jami sisxlisferi siTxiT iyo saves,
romelic saamod duRda. SiSiT da moridebiT mosva ramodenime ylupi da
siamovnebiT aRtkinebulma umal diasaxlis gaasinja. maleve sitkboebam da
siTbom moicva maTi sxeuli, gaurkveveli netareba da siamovneba daeuflaT,
maT sxeuls aguna (Rvinis RmerTi) daeufla.
STagonebiT aRtkinebulma mamakacma kedlebze moxata vazisa da Rvinis
aRmoCenis istoria, xolo kedelebma warsulSi moxetiale arqeologebs
saidumlod Semounaxa.
saqarTvelo leqgendebis qveyanaa, albaT arasad ise ar uyvarT,
miviwyebuli Zveli, mexsierebaSi mimqrali ambebi, rogorc aq, saqarTveloSi.
iSviTia legenda romelic Rvinos da sufras ar ukavSirdebodes. sxvadasxva
istoriul wyaroebSi, ufro metad ki zepir gadmocemebSi. RvinosTan
dakavSirebuli, legendebad gceuli ambebi uxvad gvxvdeba; sadac RmerTi
RvinosTanaa dakavSirebuli. erTerTi aseTi legendis mixediT Rvinis
Seqmnasac qarTvelebi RmerTs ukavSireben.
yvelaze Zveli legendis Tanaxmad, RmerTi dedamiwaze daeZebda iseT
adgils, sadac vazi unda gaeSenebina. mravali adgili moiara, magram
5
sabolood arCevani iseT adgilze gaakeTa, sadac damarxuli iyo bulbulis,
lomisa da Roris Zvlebi, aseTi ki saqarTvelo aRmoCnda. dargo RmerTma am
miwaze vazi, moiwia mosavali, dawura yurZeni da miiRo Rvino. Rvinos ki im
sami suldgmulis Tvisebebi gamohyva, romelTa Zvlebzec vazma ixara,
bulbulis, lomisa da Roris. rodesac adamiani cotas Rvinos svams, misi
saubari xSirad bulbulis galobasaviT saamo mosasmenia, rodesac zomaze
cota mets dalevs, loms emsgavseba da yovelgvari winaaRmdegbis daZlevis
iluzia eqmneba. ukiduresad gadaTrobis SemTxvevaSi ki, adamiani Rors
emsgavseba.
RvinosTan dakavSirebuli legendebi saqarTvelos iseT kuTxeebSic ki
gvxvdeba, sadac Rvinis dayenebis kultura TiTqmis arasodes arsebula. maT
Soris-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSic.
bevrma arc ki icis, TianeTSi, meoTxe Wiqas ratom eZaxian “saeSmakos”,
arada es gamoTqma da saerTod es tradicia uZvelesi legendidan modis.
uxsovar dros, rodesac RmerTi dedamiwaze cxovroba, gadawyvita,
saiqiodan gamoZevebuli da Sromisagan daqanculi adamianebis cxovreba
ufro saintereso gaexada. bevri fiqris Semdeg gadawyvita, iseTi sasmeli
Seeqmna, romelic kacs mcire xniT, mainc daabrunebda samoTxeSi, anu
RmerTma Rvino samoTxis ramdenime saaTiani iluziis Sesaqmnelad gaakeTa.
Rvinis gasasinjad yvela angelozi da eSmakic ki miiwvia. Rvino yvelas
moewona, maT Soris eSmaksac. magram eSmaki risi eSmaki iqneboda RmerTs ar
gajibreboda, amitom bevri fiqris Semdeg, meti rom vera moifiqra, adga da
RmerTis mier gakeTebuli Rvinis narCenebiT, anu WaWiT, sxva ufro
maTrobela da Zlieri sasmeli-arayi (WaWa) gaakeTa, mere ki sasmelis
gasasinjad RmerTi miiwvia. mivida RmerTi, dalia erTi Wiqa, meore, mesame da
meoTxe rom dalia, eSmaks utxra: “vinc arayi dalios, sam Wiqamde Cemsken
iyos, sami Wiqis mere ki SenTvis damiTmiao.”TianeTSi moxucebi axlac roca
arrays svamen, meoTxe Wiqas “saeSmakos” eZaxian da cdiloben, rac SeiZleba
male gadavidnen mexuTe Wiqaze.
qarTveli istorikosebi da eTnogarfebi, romelTa sxvadasxva
werilobiT wyaroebze uwevT muSaoba, amboben rom saqarTvelos istoria
Rvinis istoriis paraleluria. amaze mowmobs uamravi, miTi, legenda da
realoba, romelic Rvinisa Tu qarTuli nadimis Sesaxeb arsebobs
saqarTveloSi.

ampelosi -vazi da venaxi

mecnierebas, romelic vazis saxeobebsa da jiSebs Seiswavlis,

ampelografia ewodeba. erTerTi ZvelberZnuli miTis Tanaxmad, dionisem
Tavis satrfos ampeloss (yurZeni, yurZnis rqa) yurZnis akido aCuqa da
maRal Telaze Camoukida. ampelosma yurZnis CamoReba moindoma, magram fexi
daucda da sasikvdilod daimtvra. Sewuxebulma dionisem Tavisi satrfo
caSi waiyvana da varskvlavad aqcia. romelsac vindemiatriksis (mevenaxe,

6
mezvre) an vindemitosis (yurZnis mkrefavi) saxeliT icnoben, misi moZebna
advilad SeiZleba qalwulis TanavarskvlavedSi.
saqarTveloSi pirveli ampelografiuli koleqcia 1931 wels Seiqmna
Telavis mevenaxeoba- meRvineobis sacdel sadgurSi, sadac daculi iyo 1000-
mde jiSi. 1947 wels saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo institutis
mevenaxeobis kaTedris iniciativiT sofel diRmis teritoriaze safuZveli
Caeyara e.w. sakavSiro mniSvnelobis koleqcias sadac 1200-mde jiSi iyo
daculi. 1957 wels mis bazaze Siqmna ufro srulyofili koleqcia da
kompleqsuri laboratoria, romelic 2500-mde jiSsa da saxeobas Seicavda,
maT Soris iyo qarTveli saleqcionerebis mier gamoyvanili axali jiSebic.
dResdReobiT aseTi ampelografiuli koleqciebi, sxvadasxva Rvinis
kompaniebs aqvT gaSenebuli, ramac ganapiroba Zveli miviwyebuli jiSebisgan
dayenebuli Rvinis, bazarze gamoCena, magaliTad: Savkapito, Tavkveri, Cxaveri,
ocxanuri-safere da sxva.
Zvel CanawerebSi weria: `vazis veluri winaprebi gadaSendnen da
amgvarad Cven winaSea Tavis warsulidan mowyvetili, adamianis mier Seqmnili
saxeoba~.
velurad xSirad gvxvdeba formebi, romelnic Zalian waagvs V. vinifera L.-
s, an kidev pirdapir gardamaval safexurs warmoadgenen kulturuli vazidan
tyiurze, krikinaze; es imitom, rom kulturuli vazi Zalian advilad
velurdeba da jvaredindeba velurTan, ris Sedegadac hibridebs qmnis.
amJamad saqarTveloSi 500-ze meti jiSia aRricxuli,regionebis
mixedviT: kaxuri – 80 jiSi, qarTluli – 72, imeruli – 75, raWul-leCxumuri
– 50, megruli _ 60, guruli – 53, aWaruli – 52, afxazuri – 58 da sxv. am
mimarTulebiT muSaoba kidev grZeldeba da kidev mraval axal jiSs
gamoavlens.
yurZnis jiSebis ZiriTad niSan-TvisebaTa daxasiaTeba da Seswavla
mravali saukunis win daiwyo, pirveli aseTi mcdeloba II saukunus moRvawis
–kaxiane basas agronomiul TxzulebaSi Cans. me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi ki
ampelografia gamoyenebiTi botanikis damoukidebel dargad Camoyalibda.
ampelografia or nawilad iyofa, es aris zogadi da kerZo
ampelografia. zogadi ampelografia Seiswavlis vazisebrTa ojaxis
sistematikas, gvarebis, saxeobebis, jiSebisa da velurad mzardi vazis
formebis warmoSobas, gavrcelebasa da cvalebadobas. kerZo ampelografia
ki swavlobs jiSebisa da populaciebis botanikur, biologiur da sameurneo
niSan-Tvisebebs da gansazRvruli ekologiuri pirobebisaTvis jiSebis
SerCevasa da raionebis mixedviT dayofas.
vazi erTerTi yvelaze “xnieri” mcenarea dedamiwaze, magram misi
warmoSobis zusti TariRi, werilobiTi wyaros uqonlobis gamo
daudgenelia. amitom Tanamedrove kulturuli vazis warmoSobisa da
evoluciis SeswavlaSi, paleonTologiuri da arqologiuri masalebi,
mecnierebs did daxmarebas uweven. am TvalTaxedviT yvelaze ufro saimedo
informacias yurZnis namarxi wipwebi iZleva, romlebsac ampelografiul
niSnebi saukuneebis manZilze hqondaT SenarCunebuli.

7
 istoriulad cnobilia, rom Semosevebis dros, mteri pirvelad venaxebs
Cexavda, aman ganapiroba is faqtic, rom qarTvelma kacma Tavisdauneburad
gamoiyvana iseTi jiSebi, romelic swrafad Seavsebda adamianis moTxovnas
venaxisa da yurZnis mimarT. ase gaCnda saRvine, saCamiCe, sabadage da sasufre
yurZnis jiSebi, romlis didma nawilmac dRemde moaRwia.
omianobis dros, qarTveli mebrZoli, Tavisi sagzliT ikveboboda,
amitomac sagzali unda yofiliyo advilad satarebeli da amasTan noyieric.
aseTad miiCneoda xmiadi, sulguni, qumeli da CurCxela.
CurCxela yvelaze kaloriulia, mis gulSi ideboda nigozi, Txili,
CamiCi da Ciri, rac kidev ufro met kaloriulobas matebda. Tumca marto
SigTavis ar aris sakmarisi, misTvis aucilebelia kargi badagis damzadeba,
rasac odidganve didi yuradReba eqceoda. saerTod ki saukeTesod miCneulia,
rqawiTelisgan damzadebulia badagi da TaTara. Tumca dRevandel
realobaSi sxva yurZnis jiSebisganac mzaddeba aranakleb gemrieli badagi
da TaTara, magaliTad: saferavisgan, goruli mwvanesgan, Cinurisgan,
kraxunasgan, xixvisgan, Cxaverisgan, aleqsandroulisgan da sxva.
saqarTveloSi venaxi, marto sawarmoo daniSnulebiT ar gamoiyeneba, igi
odiTganve qarTvel kacs dasasvenebel baRad miaCnda, sxvagvarad mas
qarTveli kacis samoTxesac eZaxdnen. mas Semdeg rac mteri qveynidan
ganidevneboda da simSvide daisadgurebda, glexic maSinve gaaSenebda venaxs
da iwyebda yvelafers Tavidan, Tan aucileblad TiTo-orola sxva jiSebsac
miurgavda, zogs adreuli mosavlisaTvis, zogs gviani mosavlis gamo, zogsac
mxolod silamazisTvis.
yurZnis jiSebis mravalferovnebas, Rvinis dayenebis drosac didi
mniSvneloba hqonda da aqvs dResac, vinaidan gansazRvruli SefardebiT maT
Serevas, SeuZlia Rvino gaakeTilSobilos da mas gansakuTrebuli buketi,
aromati da Tvisebebi SesZinos, amtom ZiriTad jiSebTan erTad mezvre Tavis
venaxSi ramdenime sxva jiSsac rgavda, garkveuli mosazrebebis gamo, es iyo
silamazisTvis, gemosTvis da Rvinis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad.
saqarTveloSi vazi zRvis donidan 1200 metris simaRlemde, zogan 1400
metramdec kargad xarobs da karg Rvinosac iZleva, gansakuTrebiT ki kargad
xarobs 1000 m. simaRlemde.
Zvelad mosavlianoba-nayofierebis daxasiaTebis dros yovelTvis
aRniSnuli hqondaT xazi, sadamdisac aRwevda is zoli sadac vazi xarobda
da romlis zeviTac vazi ukve qreboda. am TvalsazrisiT miwa-wyali or
nawilad iyofoda: erTs venax-xiliani are Seadgenda, meores kidev uvenaxo
da uxilo zoli ekuTvnoda.
istoriulad venaxsa da tyes Soris sazRvari Zalian xSirad
ikargeboda, vinaidan venaxi tyis piridan iwyeboda; garda amisa, venaxis piris
da Robis Ziris Taviseburi gamoyeneba icodnen. aq irgveboda umTavresad
`wvrili xili~: tyemali, qliavi, damasxi, WanWuri, kurkamZvrala, Svindi,
Txili, agreTve msxali, vaSli da kakalic. am xeebze Zalian xSirad
gaSvebuli iyo vazi, aseTi saxiT Seqmnili iyo Taviseburi gardamavali
safexuri tyidan venaxze.

8
 saqarTveloSi bevri arqauli kvalia da erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi,
mevenaxeobis formebia, romelic dRemdea SemorCenilis saqarTvelos
mevenaxeobis regionebSi.
cnobilia, rom mecnierebi mevenaxeobis sam tips gamoyofen: pirveli
esaa maRlari, anu eqstensiuri mevenaxeoba, rodesac vazi xezea gaSvebuli da
adamiani minimalurad ereva mcenaris ganviTarebaSi. maRlars Zvelad kidev
erTi saxeli, babilo hqonda, arsebobda aseTi cnebac, sababilo Wuri, rac
adasturebs, rom maRlaris Rvinos calke inaxavdnen. meore tipia olixnari,
rodesac, vazs maRal sarebze an dabal xeebze uSveben, xolo mesame es aris
dablari, es ukve intensiuri mevenaxeobaa, rodesac adamiani maqsimalurad
ereva vazis ganviTarebaSi da akontrolebs xarisxs.
saqarTveloSi yvela es forma xeluxlebladaa SenarCunebuli, pirveli
ori forma, gansakuTrebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSia SemorCenili.
dablari mevenaxeobis arseboba jer kidev II-I aTaswleulebSia
savaraudebeli, razec metyvelebs didi raodenoiT sasxlavi namglebi,
WurWeli da mevenaxeoba-meRvineobasTan dakavSirebuli sxva nivTebi,
romlebic qveynis TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSia aRmoCenili. aqedan gamomdinare,
mecnierTa azriT saqarTveloSi kulturuli mevenaxeoba Zv.w.III-II
aTaswleulidan, meRvineoba ki neoliTis periodSi Camoyalibda.
saqarTveloSi meRvineobis kvali iseT regionebSicaa aRmoCenili, sadac
SeuZlebelia vazs exara. 1966 wels TeTri wyaros raionSi, bedebis goraze,
zRvis donidan 1700-1800 m. simaRleze yurZnis wipwebi da vazis rqebi
aRmoaCines, romelic mecnierebma Zv.w. II aTaswleuls , anu e.w.TrialeTis
kulturas miakuTvnes. vazis rqebi vercxlis Txelfurclovani firfitebiTaa
dafaruli, aseTi pativiT ki savaraudod imis mimniSnebelia, rom vazi,
rogorc kultis niSani SeiZleba yofiliyo. Tumca es aRmoCena SesaZlebelia
“samTo meRvineobazec” migvaniSnebdes, rac dRemdea SemorCenili. dasavleT
da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mTaSi yurZnis tkbili dRemde aaqvT
dasaduReblad, XVIII saukunus dasawyisSi, mefe vaxtag VI-is brZanebiT
kojorSi, zRvis donidan 1300-1400 metrze ahqondaT yurZnis tkbili, saerTod
ki cnobilia, rom saqarTveloSi mTad da barad dayofa mevenaxeobis
gavrcelebaze iyo damyarebuli, anu sadac vazi xarobda da mosavals
iZleoda barad iwodeboda, sadac ar xarobda-mTad.

saqarTvelos mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba

saqarTvelo mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis erTerTi uZvelesi keraa, rasac

adasturebs, veluri da kulturuli aborigenuli vazis jiSebis
mravalferovneba, agreTve ampelografiuli, paleobotanikuri, istoriuli,
arqeologiuri, eTnografiuli, filologiuri, lingvistikuri da sxva
mecnieruli kvlevebi. mcxeTis, TrialeTis, kaxeTis, Sida qarTlis, vanisa da
sxva arqeologiuri gaTxrebisas napovnia marnebi miwaSi Cafluli qvevrebiT,
oqros, vercxlis, brinjaos, Tixis sasmisebiT, romlebic Cven
welTaRricxvamde III-II aTaswleulebiT TariRdeba. saukuneebis manZilze
9
Seiqmna da dResac iqmneba vazisa da Rvinis moxmarebis kultura da
tradicia, SeimuSavebuli iqna sufris mSrali, bunebrivad tkbili da
naxevrad tkbili, sadeserto da cqriala, kaxuri da imeruli tipis Rvinoebis
teqnologiebi. garda aborigenuli vazis jiSebisa saqarTvelos TiTqmis
yvela kuTxeSia gavrcelebuli sxvadsxva qveynebidan Semotanili vazis
jiSebi, romlebic iseve Seerwya qarTul meRvineobas, rogorc adgilobrivi
jiSebi, esenia: aligote, pino, Sardone, kaberne sovinioni, kaberne fransi,
merlo, sovinion blani da sxv.
saqarTvelo evropisa da aziis gzagasayarze mdebareobs, mevenaxeoba-
meRvineoba moqceulia, kavkasionis mTis sistemis Sua da dasavlT nawilSi,
Savi da kaspiis zRvis auzTa Soris, romelTa zemoqmedeba gansazRvravs,
adgilobrivi klimatis mravalferovnebas da saukeTeso garemos qmnis
originaluri, xarisxovani da maRalxarisxovani vazisa da Rvinis
ganviTarebaSi.
mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis TvalsazrisiT, qveynis teritoria or
makrozonad aris dayofili: aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelo.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelo daqanebulia kaspiis zRvisken da xasiaTdeba
zomieri kontinentaluri, mSrali, subtropikulSi gardamavali haviT. am
teritorias miekuTvneba: kaxeTi (Sida da gare kaxeTi) da qarTli (qvemo, Sua
da zemo qarTli).
dasavleT saqarTvelo moqceulia Savi zRvis klimatur zolSi da
xasiaTdeba teniani da subtropikuli klimatiT, mis teritorias miekuTvenba:
imereTi (qvemo, Sua da zemo imereTi), raWa-leCxumi, Savi zRvis sanapiro
zoli da teniani subtropikuli zona: guria, aWara, samegrelo da afxazeTi.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelo

kaxeTi

kaxeTi uZvelesi da unikaluri mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis regionia, igi

iyofa or ZiriTad zonad: Sida da gare kaxeTad. saqarTvelos venaxebis didi
nawili kaxeTSi, mdinareebis _ alaznisa da ivris auzebSi, zRvis donidan
400-700 metr simaRlezea gaSenebuli, sadac neSompala-karbonatuli, Savmiwa
da aluviuri niadagebia. kaxeTSi hava sam agroklimatur zonas moicavs,
subtropikuls, Tbils da zomierad Tbils. saqarTveloSi daregistrirebuli
18 dasaxelebis adgilwarmoSobis Rvinodan, 14 dasaxelebis kaxeTs ekuTvnis,
esenia: winandali, gurjaani, vazisubani, manavi, kardenaxi, tibaani, kaxeTi,
kotexi, nafareuli, mukuzani, Teliani, qinZmarauli, axaSeni da yvareli.
kaxeTis mevenaxeobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa maRalxarisxiani da
xarisxiani sufris TeTri, wiTeli, vardisferi, mSrali, naxevrad mSrali,
bunebrivad tkbili da tkbili sadeserto Rvinoebis warmoeba.
kaxuri Rvino, qarTul Rvinoebs Soris yvelaze gansxvavebulia, Tavisi
struqturiT, gemoTi da aromatiT. kaxuri jiSis yurZnisgan dgeba maRali
xarisxis, rogorc klasikuri (e.w. evropuli), aseve tradiciuli wesiT
damzadebuli Rvinoebi igive qvevris Rvinoebi. tradiciuli kaxuri Rvinis
10
teqnologias analogi ar moepoveba mTels msoflioSi, igi gulisxmobs
yurZnis wvenis srul 100% durdoze daduRebas qvevrSi. tradiciuli kaxuri
Rvinis garda, kaxeTSi gavrcelebuli yurZnis jiSebidan dgeba maRali
xarisxis klasikuri Rvinoebi: winandali, manavi, vazisubani, yvareli da sxv.
klasikuri Rvinis damzadebis teqnologia, gulisxomobs, sufTa wvenis
daduRebas saRvine rezervuarebSi.
swored kaxeTis regionSia, gavrcelebuli, iseTi cnobili yurZnis
jiSebi rogoricaa saferavi da rqawiTeli. saferavisagan amzadeben rogorc
qvevris aseve klasikuri stilis Rvinoebs da cqriala Rvinoebsac ki,
rogorc sufris aseve adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis Rvinoebs, mSrals da
bunebrivad naxevrad tkbils. igi erTerTi unikaluri vazis jiSia mTels
msoflioSi. rqawiTelisgan ki amzadeben rogorc qvevris, aseve klasikuri
tipis Rvinoebs, romlebic TiTqmis mTels msoflioSia cnobili.
kaxeTma saukuneTa manZilze Seqmna da Camoayaliba sufris Rvinis
mSobliuri tipi, romelic sakmaod gansxvavdeba msoflioSi arsebuli
Rvinoebisgan. igi gamoirCeva maRali eqstraqtulobiT, fenoluri naerTebis
da taninis maRali SemcvelobiT, sasiamovno buketiT, jiSuri aromatiTa da
gemoTi, rac mTavaria kaxuri tipis Rvino mdidaria adamianis
janmrTelobisaTvis sasargeblo biologiurad aqtiuri nivTierebebiT.
kaxeTi erTerTi umniSvnelovanesi regionia qarTul meRvineobaSi da
udidesi wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis istoriaSi, igi
erTerTi mniSvnelovani regionia Rvinis turizmSic.

kaxeTis regionSi gavrcelebuli yurZnis jiSebi

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. beJanauri TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. bua yurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
3. budeSuri wiTeli wiTeli mc. gavrc.
4. buera TeTri mc. gavrc.
5. gavazuri Savi mc. gavrc.
6. gaRmamxaruli Savi mc. gavrc.
7. grZelmtevana TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. dampala Savi mc. gavrc.
9. dedaTyurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
10. vazisubnis wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
11 vazisubnis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. vardisfera Ria vardisferi mc. gavrc.
13. vardisferi yurZeni muqi vadisferi mc. gavrc.
14. Tavkveri didmarcvala Savi mc. gavrc.
15. Tavkveri patalanTeuli Savi mc. gavrc.
16. Tavkveri saferaviseburi Savi mc. gavrc.
17. TeTri xarisTvala TeTri mc. gavrc.
18. TeTri msxvilTvala TeTri mc. gavrc.
19. TiTa kaxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
20. ingilouri TeTri mc. gavrc.
11
21. institutis grZelmtevana TeTri mc. gavrc.
22. iyalTos wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
23. kaxis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
24. kaxis wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
25. kaxis yurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
26. kaxuri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
27. kumsi TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
28. kumsi Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
29. kumsi yviTeli yviTeli mc. gavrc.
30. kurkena TeTri mc. gavrc.
31. lekuri yurZeni Savi mc. gavrc.
32. marjeni vardisferi vardisferi mc. gavrc.
33. menjianTeuli Savi mc. gavrc.
34. mirzanuli TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
35. miskieTa TeTri mc. gavrc.
36. mosavliani Savi mc. gavrc.
37. msxvilTvala TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
38. mcvivani kaxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
39. mcvivani adreula TeTri mc. gavrc.
40. mcvivani patalanTeuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
41. mwvane kaxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
42. mwvane yviTeli yviTeli mc. gavrc.
43. mwklarta Savi mc. gavrc.
44. mxargrZeli TeTri mc. gavrc.
45. mxargrZeli yviTeli TeTri mc. gavrc.
46. oqroula TeTri mc. gavrc.
47. paataseuli wiTeli mc. gavrc.
48. papaskiri Savi mc. gavrc.
49. JRia muqi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
50. JRia sagviano Savi mc. gavrc.
51. rqawiTeli TeTri farT. gavrc.
52. samadaSviliseuli wiTeli mc. gavrc.
53. saferavi TeTri Savi farT. gavrc.
54. saferavi budeSuriseburi Savi mc. gavrc.
55. saferavi faCxa Savi mc. gavrc.
56. saferavi msxvilmarcvala Savi mc. gavrc.
57. safena TeTri mc. gavrc.
58. saRvine wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
59. saCurCxle TeTri mc. gavrc.
60. simonaseuli Savi mc. gavrc.
61. sirgula TeTri mc. gavrc.
62. sufris TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
63. ubakluri TeTri mc. gavrc.
64. uriaTubnis wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
65. ucnobi Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
66. qarTuli saadreo TeTri mc. gavrc.
67. qisi TeTri mc. gavrc.
68. qistauruli Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
69. Rvinis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
12
70. Rvinis wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
71. Rrubela kaxuri Rrublis feri mc. gavrc.
72. yviTeli cxenisZuZu TeTri mc. gavrc.
73. Savi yurZeni Savi mc. gavrc.
74. SavTxila Savi mc. gavrc.
75. CakmaSura TeTri mc. gavrc.
76. CitisTvala TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
77. CitisTvala Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
78. CitisTvala bodburi TeTri mc. gavrc.
79. cxenisZuZu kaxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
80. ZaRliarWama TeTri mc. gavrc.
81. Zuvani TeTri mc. gavrc.
82. wnoris TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
83. wobenura TeTri mc. gavrc.
84. wyobila Savi mc. gavrc.
85. Wvartla TeTri mc. gavrc.
86. WroRa kaxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
87. xarisTvala TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
88. xarisTvala Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
89. xixvi (jananura) TeTri mc. gavrc.
90. jaWvaZiseuli Savi mc. gavrc.

saingilo

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. belaqnuri TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. devisTvala TeTri mc. gavrc.
3. didmtevana TeTri mc. gavrc.
4. zaqaTalis Savi muqi vadisferi mc. gavrc.
5. zaqaTalis wiTeli wiTeli mc. gavrc.

qarTli

qarTli _ uZvelesi qarTuli kulturis akvani. igi cnobilia klasikuri e.w.

evropuli tipis xarisxini sufrisa da maRalxarisxini cqriala RvinoebiT.
qarTli sam zonad iyofa: qvemo, Sua da zemo qarTli anu mesxeTi. venaxebi
gaSenebulia mdinareebis _ mtkvrisa da misi Senakadebis, liaxvisa da qsnis
vrcel auzebSi, zRvis donidan 450-700 metr simaRleze, mdelos yavisfer,
mdelos aluviur, rux yavisfer (wabla) da neSompala-karbonatul
niadagebze. hava zomierad Tbilia. iseve rogorc sxva regionebs,
aborigenuli jiSebi qarTlis Rvinoebs TavisTvis damaxasiaTebel
gansakuTrebul xasiaTs aniWebs. TeTri jiSebidan asRsaRniSnavia: Cinuri,
goruli mwvane, budeSuri. wiTlebidan ki Tavkveri, Savkapito da saferavi.
aseve gvxvdeba iSviaTi jiSebi: jvari, andreuli, aragvispiruli,
grZelmtevana, melikuda da sxva. garda adgilobrivi jiSebisa qarTlSi

13
gavrcelebulia saerTaSoriso jiSebic: aligote, pino nuari, Sardone,
sovinioni blani, merlo da sxva.
qvemo qarTli warmoadgens saukeTeso zonas sasufre yurZnisa da
qiSmiSebis warmoebisaTvis.
Sua qarTli, qarTlis sxva qvezonebs Soris, mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis
TvalsazrisiT metad sainteresoa, radgam es regioni aris, xarisxiani
klasikuri tipis sufrisa da maRalxarisxiani cqriala Rvinoebi warmoebis
zona. atenis xeobaSi uZvelesi droidan, adgilobrivi vazis, goruli mwvanis
da Cinuris yurZnisagan, tradiciul teqnologiiT amzadeben,
adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis cqriala Rvinos, saxelwodebiT- `atenuri~.
aRniSnul qvezonaSi awarmoeben maRalxarisxian sufris TeTr da vardisfer
Rvinoebs rogorc goruli mwvanis da Cinuris, aseve budeSuris, Tavkveris da
sxva adgilobrivi jiSebis yurZnisagan.
am qvezonidan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia qsnis xeoba (muxranis veli),
sadac franguli vazis jiSi aligote, romelic iZleva klasikuri tipis
sufrisa da cqriala Rvinoebis warmoebisaTvis saWiro maRalxarisxian
Rvinomasalas.
zemo qarTlis _ mesxeTis teritoriaze amJamad mevenaxeoba-meRvineobas
samrewvelo xasiaTi ar aqvs. warsulSi ki, mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba mesxeTSi
farTod yofila ganviTarebuli, amas mowmobs arqeologiuri gaTxrebis
dros aRmoCenili marnebi, qvevrebi, sawnaxelebi, sasmisebi da sxvadasxva
istoruli masalebi.
qarTSic iseve rogorc kaxeTSic, gavrcelebulia, rogorc tradiciuli
aseve klasikuri (e.w. evropuli) meRvineoba.

qarTlis regionSi gavrcelebuli yurZnis jiSebi

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. adreuli TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. andreuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
3. andriaseuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
4. andriuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
5. aragvispiruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
6. asureTuli Savi Savi sakm. gavrc.
7. borCalo Savi mc. gavrc.
8. budeSuri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
9. buza Savi mc. gavrc.
10. burZRumi Savi mc. gavrc.
11. ganaxaruli Savi mc. gavrc.
12. gorula TeTri sakm. gavrc.
13. gorula mwvane TeTri farT. gavrc.
14. grZelmtevniani TeTri mc. gavrc.
15. dakidula TeTri mc. gavrc.
16. danaxaruli muqi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
17. diRmura wiTeli mc. gavrc.

14
18. enageTis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
19. enageTis wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
20. virayurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
21. Takveri qarTlis Savi mc. gavrc.
22. kapita wiTeli mc. gavrc.
23. kaspuri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
24. kexva vardisferi mc. gavrc.
25. laki TeTri mc. gavrc.
26. marneulis adreula TeTri mc. gavrc.
27. marneulis Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
28. melikuda TeTri farT. gavrc.
29. mkvrivi yurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
30. muxa wvane TeTri mc. gavrc.
31. mwvane avrexi TeTri mc. gavrc.
32. pirRebula TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
33. pirRebula Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
34. pirRebula vardisferi vardisferi mc. gavrc.
35. saadreo TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
36. sabatono TeTri mc. gavrc.
37. saferavi atenis Savi mc. gavrc.
38. saferavi beჟaSvilis Savi mc. gavrc.
39. saferavi mejvrisxevis Savi mc. gavrc.
40. sionis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
41. tatanauri vardisferi mc. gavrc.
42. farTala TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
43. farTala Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
44. qarTluri WroRa wiTeli mc. gavrc.
45. qiSuri saadreo TeTri mc. gavrc.
46. qiSuri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
47. qiSuri Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
48. qiSuri msxvilmarcvala TeTri mc. gavrc.
49. qurTas vardisferi vardisferi mc. gavrc.
50. qciis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
51. qciis Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
52. Rariba TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
53. Rariba Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
54. Rrubela qarTlis Rrublis feri mc. gavrc.
55. Saba TeTri mc. gavrc.
56. Savkapito Savi mc. gavrc.
57. Sirakeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
58. Cinuri TeTri farT. gavrc.
59. Cinuri Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
60. Cinuri avrexi TeTri mc. gavrc.
61. CitisTvala qarTlis TeTri mc. gavrc.
62. wiTeli vazi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
63. wkeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
64. WroRa qarTlis TeTri mc. gavrc.
65. Wyapa TeTri mc. gavrc.
66. Wyartala TeTri mc. gavrc.
15
67. xarisTvala qarTlis TeTri mc. gavrc.
68. jvari TeTri mc. gavrc.

mesxeTi

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. beJana TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. Tavdakiduli TeTri mc. gavrc.
3. Tavcecxla vardisferi mc. gavrc.
4. TiTa mesxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
5. kldis wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
6. safaruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
7. cxenisZuZu TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. cxenisZuZu Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
9. xarisTvala mesxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.

dasavleT saqarTvelo

imereTi

imereTi saqarTvelos mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis erTerTi uZvelesi da

umTavresi regionia, produqciis rogorc raodenobis ise xarisxis mxriv. igi
iyofa sam zonad: zemo, Sua da qvemo imereTi. venaxebi gaSenebulia
mdinareebis rionis, yvirilas, Cxerimelas, Zirulas da maTi Senakadebis
xeobebSi, zRvis donidan 50-500 metr simaRlemde, neSompala-karbonatul,
yomral, yviTel miwa da ewer niadagebze. hava sakmaod notioa, zomierad
civi, Tovliani zamTriTa da mSrali, zogjer gvalviani, cxeli zafxuliT.
imereTis meveneaxeoba-meRvineoba xasiaTdeba vazis aborigenuli
jiSebisa da maTgan warmoebuli maRalxarisxiani sufris Rvinoebis
mravalferovnebiT. imereTSi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia Semdegi
TeTryurZniani vazis jiSebidan: colikouri, cicqa, kraxuna, qviSxuri,
dondRlabi, bazaleTuri, kunZa, Tqlafa, xolo witelyurZniani vazis
jiSebidan ki: ocxanuri safere, argveTuli safere, rko, adanasuri, bzvanura,
Savi dondRlabi, ZelSavi da sxva.
zemo imereTSi umTavresad mzaddeba nazi, xalisiani cqriala tipis
Rvinomasalebi, agreTve msubuqi klasikuri tipis TeTri da wiTeli sufris
Rvinoebi, adgilobrivi vazis: cicqas, colikouris, kraxunas, ZvelSavis da
sxva jiSebis yurZnisagan.
Sua imereTi mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ZiriTad zonad iTvleba dasaveleT
saqarTveloSi. venaxebi am mikroraionSi gaSenebulia zRvis donidan 140-470
metr simaRleze. adgilobrivi vazis: cicqas, colikouris, aladasturis,
kraxunas, ZvelSavis da sxva jiSebis yurZnisagan mzaddeba adgilwarmoSobis

16
dasaxelebis Rvino “sviri” da jiSobrivi dasaxelebis, umaRlesi xarisxis,
originaluri, sufris TeTri, wiTeli da vardisferi Rvinoebi.
imereTSi mravalsaukunovani xalxuri tradiciebis safuZvelze Seqmnilia
imeruli tipis, tradiciuli Rvinis dayenebis originaluri teqnologia.
tradiciuli meRvineoba aqac iseve rogorc, sxva regionebSi qvevrs gulisxmobs,
romelsac imereTSi Wurs uwodeben. imeruli tradiciuli Rvinis damzadebis
Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom yurZnis tkbilis alkoholuri duRili
mimdinareobs, miwaSi Caflul WurebSi durdoze ( WaWa – klertis gareSe), romelic
mTeli maduRari masis 4-6%-s Seadgens. aseTi wesiT dayenebuli Rvino klasikuri
tipis RvinosTan SedarebiT ufro eqstraqtulia da sxeuliani, amave dros msubuqi
da harmoniuli, xasiaTdeba sasiamovno gemoTi da yurZnis jiSuri aromatiT. imereTi
ganTqmulia: sviruli kraxuniT, obCuri colikouriT da kvaliTuri cicqaTi.
qvemo imereTi moqceulia imereTis dasavleT nawilSi, mdinare rionis
auzSi. aq venaxebi gaSenebulia zRvis donidan 400-420 metr simaRleze.
meRvineobis TvalsazrisiT es zona ordinaluri Rvinoebis zonaa, sadac
calkeuli ubnebSi, adgilobrivi vazis jiSebisagan mzaddeba xarisxiani
Rvinoebi.

imereTis regionSi gavrcelebuli yurZnis jiSebi

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. adanasuri Savi mc. gavrc.

2. bazaleTuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
3. bewoura Savi mc. gavrc.
4. bzvanura Savi mc. gavrc.
5. gabexauri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
6. gabexauri Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
7. gomis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. gomis wiTeli wiTeli mc. gavrc.
9. didSava Savi mc. gavrc.
10. dondlabi Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
11. dondlabi TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. endelaZiseuli Savi mc. gavrc.
13. vanis Cxaveri vardisferi mc. gavrc.
14. vertyviWalis Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
15. vertyviWalis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
16. TiTa imeruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
17. Tqlafa TeTri mc. gavrc.
18. Txlafa TeTri mc. gavrc.
19. kapistoni TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
20. kapistoni gaRmouri TeTri mc. gavrc.
21. kikaCa TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
22. klertmagara Savi mc. gavrc.
23. kraxuna TeTri TeTri farT. gavrc.
24. kraxuna Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
25. kunZa TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
26. kunZa Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
17
27. kupraSviliseuli Savi mc. gavrc.
28. mamukas safere Savi mc. gavrc.
29. mamukas vazi Savi mc. gavrc.
30. marguli safere Savi mc. gavrc.
31. maRlari Savi mc. gavrc.
32. maRranuli Savi mc. gavrc.
33. maCanouri Savi mc. gavrc.
34. maCanauri wiTeli mc. gavrc.
35. mgalobliSvili Savi mc. gavrc.
36. melaniaseuli Savi mc. gavrc.
37. msxvilTvala TeTri mc. gavrc.
38. msxvilkumfxala TeTri mc. gavrc.
39. mtredisfera Savi mc. gavrc.
40. muradouli TeTri mc. gavrc.
41. mcvivani imeruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
42. mwvane imeruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
43. mWknara dondRlabi TeTri mc. gavrc.
44. naTela TeTri mc. gavrc.
45. obCuri Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
46. oxtoura TeTri mc. gavrc.
47. ocxanuri safere Savi sakm. gavrc.
48. rabaTis wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
49. rko Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
50. rko TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
51. samaWria Savi mc. gavrc.
52. samWaWa Savi mc. gavrc.
53. usaxelo wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
54. ucnobi TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
55. ferovani patariZis vardisferi mc. gavrc.
56. qarTula TeTri mc. gavrc.
57. qvelouri Savi mc. gavrc.
58. qviSxuri (goruli mwvane) TeTri mc. gavrc.
59. RorisTvala TeTri mc. gavrc.
60. Rrubela imeruli Rrublis feri mc. gavrc.
61. Savbarda Savi mc. gavrc.
62. SavyurZena Savi mc. gavrc.
63. Semodgomis Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
64. CiRvinauri TeTri mc. gavrc.
65. Cxinkouri TeTri mc. gavrc.
66. cicqa gabexauri TeTri mc. gavrc.
67. cicqa saCxeruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
68. cicqa TeTri farT. gavrc
69. colikour TeTri farT. gavrc
70. colikouri msxvilTvala TeTri mc. gavrc.
71. colikouri TeTri mc. gavrc.
grZelmarcvala
72. colikouri koxiZis TeTri mc. gavrc.
73. cru colikouri TeTri mc. gavrc.
74. ZelSavi adgilobrivi Savi mc. gavrc.

18
75. Zveli obCuri Savi mc. gavrc.
76. Zveli samaWre Savi mc. gavrc.
77. ZiganiZe Savi mc. gavrc.
78. Ziganouri Savi mc. gavrc.
79. Zirageulis Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
80. wvrilmarcvala TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
81. wirqvali TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
82. Wankilouri Savi mc. gavrc.
83. xarisTvala kolxuri muqi vardisferi mc. gavrc.
84. xiTeri (JRia) Savi mc. gavrc.

raWa-leCxumi

raWa-leCxumi sxva yvela regionisgan gamoirceva venaxebis simciriTa da

iSviaTi yurZnis jiSebiT, aseve Tavisi unikaluri da originaluri
RvinoebiT. igi istoriulad warmoadgens bunebrivad naxevrad tkbili da
mSrali Rvinoebis samSoblos. igi mdebareobs imereTis CrdiloeTiT,
mdinareebis _ rionis, cxeniswylis da lajanuras xeobebSi _ viwro zolad.
misi teritoria erTgvar qvabuls warmoadgens, romlic yoveli mxridan
Semofarglulia kldovani qedebiT, rac qmnis gansakuTrebul mikroklimats,
romelic gansazRvravs aqauri RvinoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel originalur
da unikalur Tvisebebs. venaxebi gaSenebulia zRvis donidan 600-800 metr
simaRleze. hava zomierad teniania. niadagebidan aq gvxvdeba neSompala-
karbonatuli niadagebi, romlebic umetesad ganviTarebulia kirqvebze,
mergelebsa da karbonatul qviSaqvebze. aq yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia
TeTri yurZnis jiSebidan: wulukiZis TeTra da colikouri, xolo witeli
yurZnis jiSebidan: aleqsandrouli, mujureTuli, raWuli ZelSavi,
usaxelouri da orbeluri ojaleSi.
raWis samxreT ferdobebze, romelic kldovani qedebiT aris
Semofargluli, gaSenebulia adgilobrivi aleqsandroulis da
mujureTulis vazis jiSebi, romlebic Saqris dagrovebis didi unariT (28-
30%-mde) xasiaTdebian. maTgan mzaddeba uZvirfasesi, maRalxarisxiani,
adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis bunebrivad naxevrad tkbili wiTeli Rvino
`xvanWkara~.
tviSis mikroraionSi arsebuli klimati ganapirobebs imeruli vazis
jiSis colikouris yurZenSi maRal Saqar-mJavianobas, romelisganac
amzadeben adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis TeTr bunebrivad naxevrad tkbil
Rvinos `tviSs~.
leCxumSi, zubi-oyureSis mikrozonaSi adgilobrivi vazis jiSis
usaxelouris yurZnisagan mzaddeba unikaluri da iSviaTi, sasiamovno
gemovnuri Tvisebebis mqone, jiSuri dasaxelebis bunebrivad naxevrad tkbili
wiTeli Rvino `usaxelouri~. aRsaRniSnavia aseve orbeluri ojaleSic,
romelic Tavisi xasiaTiTa da gemovnuri TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba samegrelos
ojaleSisagan.

19
 raWa-leCxumis regionSi gavrcelebuli yurZnis jiSebi

raWa

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. aleqsandrouli Savi farT. gavrc.

2. aleqsandrouli TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
3. aleSi TeTri vardisferi mc. gavrc.
4. arabeuli TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
5. arabeuli Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
6. baxva Savi mc. gavrc.
7. beglaris yurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. berbeSo Savi mc. gavrc.
9. beroula TeTri mc. gavrc.
10. butkua TeTri mc. gavrc.
11. TiTa raWuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. kirwmagara Savi mc. gavrc.
13. megrelauri TeTri mc. gavrc.
14. mwvane raWuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
15. nakuTvneuli Savi mc. gavrc.
16. nacara Savi mc. gavrc.
17. ZelSavi raWuli Savi mc. gavrc.
18. wulukiZis TeTra TeTri mc. gavrc.
19. xixvi raWuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
20. xoteura Savi mc. gavrc.
21. xofaTuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
22. xrogi Savi mc. gavrc.

leCxumi

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. afxazuri Savi mc. gavrc.

2. belariani Savi mc. gavrc.
3. sairmula TeTri mc. gavrc.
4. cxvedianis TeTra TeTri mc. gavrc.
5. Wubulo Savi mc. gavrc.
6. xixvi leCxumis TeTri mc. gavrc.

20
raWa-leCxumi

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. gabaSa TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. gamoyvanili Savi mc. gavrc.
3. daqceuli Savi mc. gavrc.
4. TavwiTela TeTri mc. gavrc.
5. Tbiluri TeTri mc. gavrc.
6. TeTra labilaZis TeTri mc. gavrc.
7. Tvaldamwvriseuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. Tovani TeTri mc. gavrc.
9. TuTaSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
10. Tqvafuna TeTri mc. gavrc.
11. Txmorula TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. kabistoni Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
13. kapistoni mrgvali Savi mc. gavrc.
14. kortnula Savi mc. gavrc.
15. kudurauli TeTri mc. gavrc.
16. mekrenCxula TeTri mc. gavrc.
17. moqaTuri wiTeli mc. gavrc.
18. msxvilTvala Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
19. mujureTuli Savi sakm. gavrc.
20. mcvivani raWuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
21. noSrio Savi mc. gavrc.
22. orbeluri Savi mc. gavrc.
23. uriSula vardisferi mc. gavrc.
24. usaxelouri Savi sakm. gavrc.
25. usaxelouri vardisferi vardisferi mc. gavrc.
26. uwyveti TeTri mc. gavrc.
27. faCxata Savi mc. gavrc.
28. ferovani Savi mc. gavrc.
29. feruani Savi mc. gavrc.
30. fiTra TeTri mc. gavrc.
31. qaqitauri TeTri mc. gavrc.
32. Rvanura Savi mc. gavrc.
33. yvira Savi mc. gavrc.
34. yornisTvala Savi mc. gavrc.
35. Zveli aleqsandrouli Savi mc. gavrc.
36. Zveli TeTra TeTri mc. gavrc.
37. wiTelouri wiTeli mc. gavrc.
38. wminda TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.

21
aWara, afxazeTi, guria, samegrelo

aWaris, afxazeTis, guriis da samegrelos mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba,

moqceulia Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi, sadac venaxebi gaSenebulia 400-800
metri simaRleze zRvis donidan. hava subtropikuli da teniania, zogierT
adgilebSi Warbtenianic, amitom vazi xasiaTdeba xangrZlivi savegetacio
periodiT (noembris bolomde). zRvispireTSi gavrcelebulia neSompala
karbonatuli, yomrali, yviTelmiwa, wiTelmiwa da eweri niadagebi.
guriis (baxvi-askanis, farcxman-saWamiasis), aWaris (qeda) da afxazeTis
(gudauTa) mikrozonebSi, guriis aborigenuli vazis jiSis Cxaverisagan
miiReba ganumeorebeli gemovnuri Tvisebebis mqone, jiSuri dasaxelebis
Rvino `Cxaveri~.
samegreloSi, salxino-Targamoulis da banZis mikrozonebSi
aborigenuli wiTelyurZniani vazis jiSi ojaleSisagan mzaddeba bunebrivad
naxevrad tkbili da mSrali, jiSuri dasaxelebis unikaluri Rvino
`ojaleSi~.
guria-samegrelos regioni, meRvineobis erTerT yvelaze arqaul keras
warmoadgens. pirveli cnobebi antikuri wyaroebidan, swored kolxeTis
Sesaxebaa cnobili. axali drois meRvineobis istoria ki am or mxareSi or
ucxoelTanaa dakavSirebuli, guriaSi Sotlandiel iakob marTan,
samegreloSi ki frang aSil miuratTan.
iakob mari XIX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi bukiscixeSi dasaxlda da
maRlarze gaSenebuli janidan, sxilTaubnidan da mtevandididan Rvinoebs,
ganumeorebel Rvinoebs ayenebda.
aSil miurati ki erTerTi pirveli iyo, vinc saqarTveloSi evropuli
tipis sawarmo moawyo. cnobili iyo mis mier dayenebuli ojaleSi da
imereTdan Camotanili da gaSenebuli kraxuna.
istoriulad cnobilia, rom samegrelos mTavris siZes, frang miurats
sofel salxinoSi damzadebuli Rvino `ojaleSi~ gaugzavnia parizSi
saerTaSoriso degustacia-konkursze, sadac igi umaRlesi jildoTi `gran-
pri~-T daujildovebiaT.
pirvel rigSi riTac guria-samegrelos regionebi gamoirCeva es aris venaxis
gaSenebis kultura, romelic XIX saukunemde, TiTqmis mTlianad maRlarze
iyo gaSenebuli. aqauri istoriuli jiSebidan yvelaze cnobilia guruli:
Cxaveri, jani, mtevandidi, sxilaTubani, sakmiela; megruli: ojaleSi,
godaaTuri, Wvitaluri, CeWifeSi. rTvels am regionebSi Zalian gvian
noembridan iwyeben da zogjer ianvris bolomde grZeldeba. iyo SemTxvevebi,
roca maRlar vazze (xeebze) krefis dros, gidelis gamocvlis SualedebSi
mkrefavebs keciT an Tixis WurWliT naRverdals awvdidnen gasaTbobad.
afxazeTSi, saqarTvelos erT-erT uZveles da ulamazesi kuTxe,
meRvineobis istoriul mxared iTvleba. adgilobrivi jiSebidan yvelaze
gavrcelebulia: amlaxu, avasixva, kaRiRi, agSibi, akabuli da sxva.
adgilobrivi vazis jiSebis garda gavrcelebulia: colikouri, Cxaveri,
ojaleSi, kaWiWi, izabela da sxva jiSebi, romlebisganac mzaddeboda sufris
Rvinoebi: `afsni~, `lixni~, `aCandara~, `anakopia~ da sxva.
22
 aWaris meRvineoba ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi metad ganviTarda,
daiwyes Zveli jiSebis aRdgena da aqtiurad misdeven meRvineobas.
mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze ganvitarebuli qedis raionia.
istoriuli jiSebidan aWaraSi metad cnobilia: Cxaveri, brola, xofaTuri,
klarjuli, mekrenCxi, kvirisTava da sxva.

aWaris, afxazeTis, guriisa da samegrelos regionebSi

gavrcelebuli yurZnis jiSebi

aWara

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. almura TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. almura Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
3. axalaki muqi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
4. baTomura Savi mc. gavrc.
5. baRis yurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
6. brola TeTri mc. gavrc.
7. burZRala Savi mc. gavrc.
8. butko Savi mc. gavrc.
9. gorgouli TeTri mc. gavrc.
10. vaios saferavi Savi mc. gavrc.
11. TeTra TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. Turvandi TeTri mc. gavrc.
13. kaikaciSviliseuli TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
14. kvirisTava TeTri mc. gavrc.
15. kibura vardisferi mc. gavrc.
16. kirwwiTela Savi mc. gavrc.
17. klarjuli TeTri mc. gavrc.
18. korZala* wiTeli mc. gavrc.
19. livanuri Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
20. livanuri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
21. magara Savi mc. gavrc.
22. makrenCxi Savi mc. gavrc.
23. morcxula Savi mc. gavrc.
24. mwvanura TeTri mc. gavrc.
25. mwvane aWaruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
26. orjoxuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
27. povnili muqi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
28. saliklevi Savi mc. gavrc.
29. saferavi aWaruli Savi mc. gavrc.
30. sawuri Savi mc. gavrc.
31. sxalTuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
32. tagiZura Savi mc. gavrc.
33. tyis vazi Savi mc. gavrc.

23
34. tyis yurZena Savi mc. gavrc.
35. qorqaula Savi mc. gavrc.
36. SavSura TeTri mc. gavrc.
37. SiSveli Savi mc. gavrc.
38. CitisTvala aWaruli Savi mc. gavrc.
39. cviTe TeTri mc. gavrc.
40. cxenisZuZu aWaruli Savi mc. gavrc.
41. wvite TeTri mc. gavrc.
42. WeWibera TeTri mc. gavrc.
43. Wipakuri Savi mc. gavrc.
44. Wodi Savi mc. gavrc.
45. xarisTvala aWaruli Savi mc. gavrc.
46. javaxeTura TeTri mc. gavrc.
47. jineSi Savi mc. gavrc.

* korZala -- mcired gavrcelebulia guriaSic.

afxazeTi

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. abistaJ TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. absuaJ Savi mc. gavrc.
3. agaSkur vardisferi mc. gavrc.
4. agbiJ Savi mc. gavrc.
5. agutoliJ Savi mc. gavrc.
6. avarsixva TeTri mc. gavrc.
7. avrexi TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. aTasarkva Savi mc. gavrc.
9. aTurquJ TeTri mc. gavrc.
10. akabiliJ TeTri mc. gavrc.
11. akasaJ TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. akabil Savi mc. gavrc.
13. akumStal Savi mc. gavrc.
14. aklik Savi mc. gavrc.
15. akomStal Savi mc. gavrc.
16. akubasa Savi mc. gavrc.
17. akuSar Savi mc. gavrc.
18. amgurCal Savi mc. gavrc.
19. amlaxu Savi mc. gavrc.
20. amofxiJ Savi mc. gavrc.
21. apapinJ Savi mc. gavrc.
22. apuJera Savi mc. gavrc.
23. aJapS vardisferi mc. gavrc.
24. aJemCiR vardisferi mc. gavrc.
25. aJia vardisferi mc. gavrc.
26. aJigra vardisferi mc. gavrc.
27. aJkvakva TeTri mc. gavrc.
28. aJxvata TeTri mc. gavrc.
24
29. aJyafS vardisferi mc. gavrc.
30. acilmiJ Savi mc. gavrc.
31. ayafS Savi mc. gavrc.
32. aSuRaJ Savi mc. gavrc.
33. aCkikiJ Savi mc. gavrc.
34. aZniJ Savi mc. gavrc.
35. awliJ Savi mc. gavrc.
36. aWandris wiTeli Savi mc. gavrc.
37. axardan Savi mc. gavrc.
38. axuxuJ Savi mc. gavrc.
39. kaWiWi Savi mc. gavrc.
40. kiamoxta TeTri mc. gavrc.
41. lakoaJ muqi lurji mc. gavrc.
42. maxvateli TeTri mc. gavrc.
43. petriJi Savi mc. gavrc.
44. tatliJi Savi mc. gavrc.
45. Savi amlaxu Savi mc. gavrc.
46. cxenisZuZu afxazuri Savi mc. gavrc.
47. wvindirxva Savi mc. gavrc.
48. xafSira moyv. momwvano mc. gavrc.
49. xunaliJi TeTri mc. gavrc.
50. xutuniJi TeTri mc. gavrc.
51. xupiniJi momwv. moyiTalo mc. gavrc.

guria

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. aTinauri TeTri mc. gavrc.

2. akido Savi mc. gavrc.
3. aladasturi Savi mc. gavrc.
4. badagi muqi vadisferi mc. gavrc.
5. baxvas yurZeni Savi mc. gavrc.
6. berZula Savi mc. gavrc.
7. dordRo TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. vaciwvera TeTri mc. gavrc.
9. vorona Savi mc. gavrc.
10. zenaTuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
11. TeTri yurZeni TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. TeTri Cxaveri TeTri mc. gavrc.
13. Tqvlafa TeTri mc. gavrc.
14. kaknatela TeTri mc. gavrc.
15. kamuri Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
16. kamuri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
17. kapistoni wiwiliani TeTri mc. gavrc.
18. katuri TeTri mc. gavrc.
19. keSelavas TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
20. kikaCa Savi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
21. kocxana Savi mc. gavrc.
25
22. kumuSa wiTeli mc. gavrc.
23. maganakuri wiTeli mc. gavrc.
24. maisa TeTri mc. gavrc.
25. mandikouri wiTeli mc. gavrc.
26. mauri TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
27. maxaTuri wiTeli mc. gavrc.
28. mtevandidi Savi mc. gavrc.
29. mtredisfexa wiTeli mc. gavrc.
30. mcvivani guruli wiTeli mc. gavrc.
31. naSeneba Savi mc. gavrc.
32. ofoura Savi mc. gavrc.
33. ojaliSi guriis Savi mc. gavrc.
34. rcxili Savi mc. gavrc.
35. sakmiela TeTri mc. gavrc.
36. saknatura TeTri mc. gavrc.
37. samarxi TeTri mc. gavrc.
38. samCxavera wiTeli mc. gavrc.
39. saferavi guriis Savi mc. gavrc.
40. sxilaTubani Savi mc. gavrc.
41. qaquTura TeTri mc. gavrc.
42. SavCxavera Savi mc. gavrc.
43. CepeSi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
44. Cxaveri Savi farT. gavrc
45. Cxinkilouri TeTri mc. gavrc.
46. canafiTa Savi mc. gavrc.
47. civCxavera Savi mc. gavrc.
48. civCxavera vardisferi vardisferi mc. gavrc.
49. cisfererula ruxi mc. gavrc.
50. wiTlani vardisferi mc. gavrc.
51. WaWieTis TeTra TeTri mc. gavrc.
52. Wumuta Savi mc. gavrc.
53. xemxu Savi mc. gavrc.
54. xuSia TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
55. xuSia Savi Savi mc. gavrc.
56. jani Savi mc. gavrc.
57. jani nakaSiZis Savi mc. gavrc.
58. jani cixuri Savi mc. gavrc.

samegrelo

# jiSis dasaxeleba feri gavrceleba

1. abSiluri Savi mc. gavrc.

2. afxazura TeTri mc. gavrc.
3. godaaTuri Ria Savi mc. gavrc.
4. grexi TeTri mc. gavrc.
5. dedoflis kiTi TeTri mc. gavrc.
6. dudRuSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
26
 7. dRvlabe TeTri mc. gavrc.
8. egurZguli TeTri mc. gavrc.
9. vernaxi Savi mc. gavrc.
10. zerdagi TeTri mc. gavrc.
11. TeTriSa TeTri mc. gavrc.
12. TxurTxu TeTri mc. gavrc.
13. kapistoni megruli TeTri mc. gavrc.
14. keTiluri Savi mc. gavrc.
15. kerToli Savi mc. gavrc.
16. kvawaxura TeTri mc. gavrc.
17. koloSi Savi mc. gavrc.
18. kutala Savi mc. gavrc.
19. lagiluri TeTri mc. gavrc.
20. maWyvaturi Savi mc. gavrc.
21. muxiSxa Savi mc. gavrc.
22. ofofi TeTri mc. gavrc.
23. oqona TeTri mc. gavrc.
24. ojaleSi Savi sakm. gavrc.
25. paneSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
26. pumpula Savi mc. gavrc.
27. sakuma TeTri mc. gavrc.
28. samaWro TeTri mc. gavrc.
29. ugvaro Savi mc. gavrc.
30. uCaWuburi Savi mc. gavrc.
31. uCaxardani Savi mc. gavrc.
32. CekoloSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
33. Cergvali TeTri mc. gavrc.
34. CeSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
35. CeCqiSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
36. CeWifeSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
37. Cexardani TeTri mc. gavrc.
38. CiCkiSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
39. CxaberZula Savi mc. gavrc.
40. Cxorokuni wiTeli mc. gavrc.
41. CxuSi Savi mc. gavrc.
42. CxuCeSi TeTri mc. gavrc.
43. walenjixis TeTri TeTri mc. gavrc.
44. Wvitiluri TeTri mc. gavrc.
45. WiTaSi wiTeli mc. gavrc.
46. WotiSi Savi mc. gavrc.
47. Wuberi TeTri mc. gavrc.
48. xojisToli Savi mc. gavrc.

27
kaxeTi da imereTi-Txevadi oqro

qarTul Rvinoze da Rvinis kulturaze, ara erTxel iTqva da

dawerila, da kidev bevrjer daiwereba, vinaidan es aris qarTuli yofis
nawili, romelsac qarTveli glexis cxovrebaSi da istoriaSi didi adgili
ukavia.
saqarTvelo erTaderTi qveyanaa sadac amdeni tipis Rvino iwarmoeba,
romlebic ase gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. TiToeuli maTgani
individualuria da aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli, gemo da aromati.
qarTuli tradiciuli Rvino, msoflio Rvinis kulturaSi yvelaze
Zvelia. unda aRiniSnos, rom Rvinis damzadebas saqarTveloSi “dayenebas”
uwodeben, xolo yurZnis magar nawilebs anu durdos (wipwa, kani, klerti)
Rvinis “dedos”. “dedo” anu igulisxmeba igive deda, vinaidan glexi Tvlis
rom igi iseve zrdis Rvinos da ayenebs fexze rogor deda Svils. amitomac
bevr regionSi xSirad durdoze damzadebul Rvinos “dedoze dayenebul”
Rvinod moixsenieben.
Rvinis dayenebis tradiciaSi aucileblad igulisxmeba qvevri, romelic
gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs Rvinis damzadebisas. qvevrebi TiTqmis mTels
saqarTvelos teritoriaze gvxvdeba, Tumca Rvinis dayenebis teqnologia
yvela kuTxeSi metnaklebad gansxvavebulia.
pirobiTad Rvinis dayenebis or ZiriTad meTods gamoyofen, esenia
kaxuri da imeruli.
qvevrebSi TeTri Rvinis kaxuri meTodiT dayeneba gulisxmobs,
sawnaxelSi yurZnis dawurvas, sadac wipwa ar ziandeba da miRebuli masa
(wveni, durdo anu WaWa-klerti) mTlianad Caedineba qvevrSi. miRebul masas
daaxloebiT aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi, dRe-RameSi daaxloebiT oTxjer
daureven. darevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs Tanabari da xangrZlivi duRilis
misaRebaT, romelic daaxloebiT 10-14 dRe grZeldeba. darevis am process
zogierT regionSi “qudis” Catexvas eZaxian, rac sakmaod did Zalas
moiTxovs. es is periodia, rodesac mTeli durdos (WaWa-klertis) masa
zeviTaa amosuli da erTgvar “quds” qmnis maduRari yurZnis wvenis Tavze.
rodesac alkoholuri duRili dasruldeba da qvevris Tavze momdgari
WaWa daZirvas daiwyebs, gadavsebuli qvevrebi ara hermetulad ixureba, raTa
meorad duRils anu vaSlrZemJava duRils xeli ar SeeSalos. am dros
qvevrs utoveben saduRar ares misi moculobis 10-15% odenobiT da 50sm
sigrZis e.w. sasules ukeTeben, ris Semdegac ixureba muxis, wablis an qvis
sarqveliT. dezimfeqciis mizniT sarqveli winaswar damuSavebulia.
sarqvelis zemodan 15-30 sm sisqeze edeba mozelili Tixamiwa an ayalo miwa,
rasac daskdomisgan da gamoSrobisgan ki mas 10-15 sm sisqis dayrili sila
icavs, romelsac periodulad wyliT namaven. dResdReobiT saqarTvelos
zogierT regionSi, qvevrs minis sarqvels ukeTeben, vinaidan ufro martivia
maduRari Rvinis vizualuri kontroli, qvevrSi.
rodesac duRili srulad damTavrdeba qvevri igive wlis da jiSis
yurZnis RviniT gadaivseba da hermetulad sarqveliT ixureba, sadac
xeluxlebels toveben martamde. martSi, aprilis dasawyisSi, Rvinis pirveli
28
gadaReba xdeba, jer “Tavi Rvinis”, xolo Semdeg, WaWaSi darCenili Rvinis.
unda aRiniSnos, rom TviTon qvevriSi WaWA-klertis daleqvis procesi
sakmaod ucnauria, amas ki qvevris konusiseburi forma ganapirobebs. pirveli
rac ileqeba es wipwaa, Semdeg klerti, Semdeg yurZnis kani da zevidan leqi.
es yvelaferi iseTi sizustiT da TanmimdevrobiTaa dalagebuli, TiTqos
kacis xeli erios. WaWas, klerts da wipwas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba kaxuri
tradiciuli Rvinis damzadebisas. WaWa, mwife klertTan da wipwasTan erTad
bevr sasargeblo Tvisebebs aniWebs Rvinos. garda amis Rvino dgeba
qarvisferi, taniniani, msuye, gansakuTrebuli aromatis da gemos mqone,
mkafiod gamoxatuli, komSis, nigvzisa da Ciris tonebiT.
aseTi Rvino SesaZlebelia pirdapir boTlebSic Camoisxas, vinadidan
Rvino aris mdgradi da didixnis manZilze SesaZlebelia misi Senaxva.
cxadia aseTi Tvisebebis mqone Rvinis miRebaze, gavlenas axdens,
ramdenimen faqtori, kerZod: venaxi da misi adgilmdebareoba, vazis jiSi,
yurZnis simwife da misi qimiuri Semadgenloba, duRilisa da WaWaze Semdgomi
davargebis temperatura, marnisa da qvevris higiena da sxv.
qvevri gansakuTrebuli WurWelia, igi aramarto Rvinis dayenebisTvis
gamoiyeneba, aramed Rvinis Sesanaxadac. misi mTavari upiratesoba isaa, rom
miwisqveSa maranSi Cargul qvevrebSi Rvinis Senaxvis temperatura TiTqmis
ucvlelia zamTar-zafxul da daaxloebiT 14-16 gradusia.
imeruli tipis TeTri Rvinis damzadeba gulisxmobs, qvevrSi
klertgaclili WaWis damatebas, sadac WaWa mTeli masis daaxloebiT 1/3
nawilia. Rvinis pirveli gadaReba TebervalSi xdeba, muxis kasrebSi, meore
gadareba aprilis bolos, xolo mesame seqtemberSi. imeruli tipis Rvinis
teqnologia erTwliani procesia. tkbilis duRilisa da daRvinebis procesi
ki TiTqmis igivea rac kaxuri tradiciuli Rvinis damzadebisas.
imeruli tipis Rvino, Ria Calisferia, Txeli, nazi da maRal mJaviania,
gamoxatuli, mindvris yvavilebisa da xilis aromatebiT. am SemTxvevaSic
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba venaxs da misi adgilmdebareobas, vazis jiSs,
yurZnis simwifes, duRilis temperaturas, higienas da sxv.
rac Seexeba qvevrSi wiTeli Rvinis damzadebas, am SemTxvevaSi Rvinis
WaWaze duRilis periodi 10 dRidan 2 Tvemde grZeldeba, Tumca, WaWaze
dayovnebis periodis gansasazRvravad didi mniSvneloba aqvs vazis jiSs,
duRilis xangrZlivobas, garemo pirobebs da TviTon regionsac ki.
qvevris Rvinod is Rvino iTveleba, romelic ara mxolod duRilis
periods gadis qvevrSi, aramed garkveuli droiT qvevrSivea davargebuli.
SesaZlebelia davargebis periods WaWis gareSec gadiodes, rac imas
gulisxmobs, rom WaWidan moxsnili Rvino isev qvevrs unda daubrundes.
qvevrSi Rvino, Tuki daculia Rvinis Senaxvis, marnisa da qvevris
higienis yvela piroba, SesaZloa Senaxuli iqnas didi xniT. Zvelad Rvinos
qvevrebSi aTwleulobiTac inaxavdnen, razec mowmobs mitovebul soflebSi
napovni qvevrebi, romlebSic arsebul Rvinos SenarCunebuli aqvs rogorc
aromatebi, aseve gemovnuri Tvisebebi. arsebobs Tqmulebac, rom rodesac
aleqsandre WavWavaZes qaliSvili SeeZina, man imave wels qvevrSi daayena

29
Rvino, romelic wlebis Semdeg, misi qaliSvilis qorwilSi saqorwilo
sufrisTvis gaxsna.
qvevrSi Rvinis xarisxianad SenaxvaSi, did roli sarqvels eniWeba.
aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTveloSi qvevris sarqveli gansxvavebulia.
qarTl-kaxeTSi vxvdebiT qvisgan damzadebul sarqvelebs, romlebsac
ZiriTadad fiqali qvisgan amzadeben. rogorc Zveli Canawerebi da zogierTi
marnis paraqtikuli dakvirveba iuwyeba, sxva qvisgan damzadebuli sarqveli
Rvinis gemovnuri Tvisebebis da xarisxis gauaresebis mizezic SeiZleba iyos.
kaxeTSi xarisxiani sarqvelebis damzadebiT, sofeli sabue iyo ganTqmuli,
sadac sarqvelebs fiqali qvisgan amzadebdnen.
dasavleTSi sarqvels “orgos” da “badimis” saxeliT moixsenieben. maT
xisgan, kerzod muxisgan an wablisgan amzadeben. aseTi sarqvelebi or tol
nawiladaa gayofili, gansakuTrebulad didi zomis qvevrebis semTxvevaSi,
SeiZleba sam nawiladac gaiyos.
sarqvelis daxurebis praqtikac yvela regions gansxvavebuli aqvs,
dasavleTSi sarqvels uSualod qvevris pirze awyoben, zevidan ayalo miwas
adeben, romelic Tixa miwis msgavisia. ayalo miwas sarqvelze, xis morisgan
gamoTlili, gluvi piris mqone iaraRiT tkepnian, zevidan ki Cveulebrivi
miwiT faraven, aseTi xerxiT ayalo miwas gamoSrobisgan icaven, vinaidan Tu
igi gamoSra da daskda, maSin qvevris hermetulobac dairRveva da Rvinis
xarisxic gauaresdeba.
aRmosavleTSi es procesi sruliad gansxvavebulia: qvevris pirze
magrdeba winaswar mozelili Tixa, zemodan qvis sarqvels adeben da zemodan
mTeli ZaliT awvebian, rom sarqveli Tixas kargad miekras. aseT SemTxvevaSi,
qvevris pirze dadebuli Tixa, avsebs sivrces sarqvelsa da qvevris pirs
Soris, rac qmnis hermetulobas da RvinoSi haeris Sesvlas uSlis xels.
hermetulobas isic qmnis, rom mWidrod daxuruli sarqvelis Tavze isev
mozelili Tixamiwa edeba, romelsac Tavze silas ayrian da periodulad
wyliT namaven, raTa gamoSrobisagan iqnas daculi.
aqve unda aRiniSnos rom saqarTvelos sxva regionebSic, qvevrSi Rvinis
dayenebis tradicia arsebobda, Tumca amis Sesaxeb istoriuli monacemebi
Zalian mwiria.

qvevri - msoflio saganZuri

Zvelad qvevri, marcvleulis, burRulis, erbos, yvelis da sxva

produqtis Sesanaxad gamoiyeneboda, magram misi mniSvneloba da warmoSoba
meRvineobas ukavSirdeba. igi miuxedavad Tavisi ama Tu im produqtis Sesanaxi
funqciisa, mainc saRvine WurWels warmoadgens, WurWels romelSic yurZnis
tkbili Rvinod dgeba, Rvino ki vargdeba da inaxeba.
qvevris msgavsi WurWeli sxva bevr qveyanaSic mzaddeboda da axlac
mzaddeba, iqac sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneboda da amJamad iseve
rogorc saqarTveloSi saRvine WurWlad iyeneben, maT “amforebs” uwodeben.
meqvevreoba, igive meTuneoba saqarTveloSi yvelaze metad iyo
30
ganviTarebuli, rasac adasturebs mravali istoriuli wyaro da
arqeologiuri masala. meqvevreobis did kulturaze miuTiTebs
saqarTveloSi gaTxrebis dros aRmoCenili qvevrsamarxebic.
rogorc istoriuli kvlevebi iuwyebian qarTul qvevrebs TavTavianTi
saxelebic hqondaT, maTi formis, daniSnulebis da SeiZleba iTqvas
regionebis Sesabamisadac ki. aRmosavleTSi Tu saRvine Tixis WurWels
“qvevrs” eZaxian, dasavleTSi qvevrs “Wuri”-s saxeliT moixsenieben. sulxan-
saba orbelianis “sityvis kona”-Si: “Wuri aris kecTagan WurWeli: qvevri,
yvibiri, xalani, dergi, lagvinari da misTanani...” SesaZloa, warsulSi
qvevris Sesatyvisi sxva saxelebic arsebobda, Tumca amis Sesaxeb cnobebi ar
moipoveba.
qvevris prototipi jer kidev eneoliTis xanaSi Seiqmna. saqarTveloSi
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros araerTi qvevri iqna aRmoCenili, romelic
adrebrinjaosa da Suabrinjaos xanas miekuTvneba, Tumca pirveli qvevri,
romelic Rvinis Sesanaxad gamoiyeneboda, adre rkinis xanisaa (Zv.w.VIIs), igi
brtyelZiriani da qvis sarqveliani qvevria, romlis mxrebsac irgvliv sami
swori da ori talRuri ornamenti miuyveba. garda amisa, qvevrs simboluri
niSanic aqvs datanili mxarze.
arqeologiuri gaTxrebisa da kvlevebis safuZvelze dayrdnobiT,
danamdvilebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT rom, Zv.w. VI saukunidan, qvevri farTod
gamoiyeneboda meRvineobaSi. am periodis qvevrebi Zalze bevria aRmoCenili
dasavleT saqarTveloSic da aRmosavleTSic, Tanac erTiani principis
miuxedavad, dasavluri da aRmosavluri, kolxuri da iberiuli qvevrebi
sakmaod gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan formiT, teqnikiT, feriT da
moxatulobiT. moxatuloba gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobda, rac imaze
metyvelebs, rom jer ar iyo miRebuli qvevris miwaSi Cadgma. igi miwis
zedapirze idga. dRes dReobiT arsebuli qarTuli qvevrebis forma jer
kidev III-II aTaswleulSi Camoyalibda, Zv.w. III saukunemde ki yvelgan patara
qvevrebi iyo gavrcelebuli, romlebic simaRleSi 1 metrs ar aRemateboda,
hqondaT brtyeli Ziri, ganieri muceli, idgnen miwis zemoT anda ZiriT
iyvenen miwaSi Cadgmulebi.
Zv.w.III saukunidan moyolebuli saqarTvelos teritoriebze aRmoCenil
qvevrebs Ziri dauviwrovdaT, formac SeecvalaT, rom miwis zewolisTvis
gaeZloT. savaraudod, am periodSive daiwyes saqarTveloSi qvevrebis miwaSi
Cadgma. ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi qvevrebi mxrebamde iyo Cadgmuli,
ax.w.-is IV saukunisaTvis ki, rogorc mecnierebi varaudoben, yelamdedac
daiwyes qvevrebis Camarxva.
qvevrma Seqmnis dRidan dremde garkveuli saxecvlileba ganicada,
Tumca mravali saukunis Semdeg CvenTan TiTqmis ucvleli formiT moaRwia.
qvevrebis tevadoba saukuneebis manZilze, 2-3 litridan 6-8 aTas litramde
meryeobda. aseve arsebobs varauli, rom Zvelad iseT qvevrebsac amzadebdnen,
romlebSic minimum 15 000 litri Rvino Cadioda. dResdReobiT ki yvelaze
metad iseT qvevrebs gamoiyeneben romlis tevadobac 2000-3000 litria.
qvevris damzadebas saqarTveloSi “Senebas”eZaxian, es sakmaod rTuli
da xangrZlivi procesia. xarisxiani qvevris damzadebisas, yvela detals
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yuradReba eqceva Tixis Semadgenlobas, gamowvis temperaturas, formas,
damuSavebas da a.S. qvevris damzadebis Semdeg erTerTi rTuli procesi misi
movla da higienis dacvaa, romelic aucilebeli pirobaa maRali xarisxisa
da gemovnuri Tvisebebis Rvinis misaRebad.
qvevris Seneba Tanmimdevrulad, daxurul garemoSi mimdinareobs.
daaxloebiT or toniani qvevris damzadebas sami Tve Wirdeba, raTqma unda
qvevri rac ufro didia droc metia saWiro mis asaSeneblad. pirvel rigiSi
Tixa izileba, Zvelad fexiT zeldnen, amJamad ki zogierTi meqvevri
specialuri danadgars iyenebs, Tumca xeliT Sexebas da dazelvis proceSi
Carevas mainc saWiroebs, vinaidan Tixa unda gaxdes erTgvarovani, mTliani
masa, romlisganac gamoZerwva iqneba SesaZlebeli. jer keTdeba qvevris Ziri,
romelzedac sveli Tixis rkalebs erTmaneTze xeliT amagreben, dRSi
oridan sam rkalamde magrdeba, rkalebma Tavis daWera rom SeZlon da qvevri
ar CaiSalos. wriuli Sreebi, xeliT, auCqareblad unda amovides, amoyvanis
dros unda SenarCundes tenianoba, gamoSrobis Sesabamisi TanmimdevrobiT.
rodesac qvevris aSeneba damTavrdeba, qvevrs mzeze aSroben, xolo Semdeg
specialur RumelSi dgaven gamosawvavad. gamowvis procesi sami dRis
ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs, gansakuTrebuli tempereaturuli reJimis
kontroliT. gamowvis Semdeg qvevri Signidan Taflis sanTliT isanTleba,
raTa niadagidan qvevrSi ar SeaRwios siTxem an kidev piriqiT ar gaJonos
qvevridan, am process kidev xels uSlis qvevris garedan damuSaveba anu
daduRabeba, romelic aucilebelia iqamde moxdes sanam qvevrs miwaSi
Caflaven.
daduRabebis ori xerxi arsebobs: qvevrebis qviTkiriT daduRabeba nu
qvevris kiris xsnariTa da qvebiT SemoSeneba da qvevris kedlebis kiris
xsnariT sqlad Selesva. qvevris Selesvis dros zogierTi marani cements
iyenebs, Tumca kiris duaRabTan SedarebiT, misi moqmedeba xanmoklea.
gansxvavebiT dRevandeli qvevrebisagan, Zveli qvevrebi TavianT
istorias TviTonve yvebian patara damRis Tu nakawris saSualebiT,
romelsac, Zvelad meqvevre ostati, qvevris pirze erTgvar niSanad, damRad
asvamda. ostati damRas qvevris Senebis dasrulebis Semdeg, jer kidev sveli,
qvevris pirze asvamda. Zalze iSviaTad damRas aseve ukeTebdnen ara qvevris
pirze, aramed mis yelze da mxrebzec. qvevris damRa erTgvar xarisxis niSans
warmoadgenda, amiT ostati ganacxads akeTebda, rom misi naxelavi xarisxiani
iyo, es erTgavri “xelmowera” iyo ostatis.
damRis sabeWdavi, romelic ekuTvnoda meqvevres, mis Svilze an
SviliSvilze ar gadadioda, miT umetes Tu damraze meqvevris inicialebi iyo
gamosaxuli. yovel meqvevres Tavis naxelavze damRisdasmis ufleba Tavad
unda moepovebina, sakuTari SromiT. garda meqvevre, ostatis inicialebs
mqone damRebisa, arsebobda sxvadasxva gamosaxulebebic, magaliTad:
borjRalo, jvari, damzadebis weli, damzadebis adgilis an soflis
Semoklebuli saxeli. TiToeuli dmaRa qvevris warmoSobis mciredi
istoriac iyo.
qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis qarTul tradicias 8 aTaswlovani istoria
aqvs, romelsac msoflioSi analogi ar gaaCnia, es unikaluri meTodi
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msoflios saganZurad aRiares da qvevris Rvinis dayenebis, uZvelsi qarTuli
meTodis tradicias, msoflio aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis
statusi mieniWa. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom “qvevri”- qarTuli fenomenia da
msoflios arcerT enaze ar iTargmneba.

zedaSe –wminda siTxe

qristianobis gavrcelebasTan erTad saqarTveloSi venaxma da Rvinom

sxva datvirTva SeiZina, igi saeklesio wirva-locvebze da dResaswaulebze
gamoiyeneboda da amJamadac gamoiyeneba, razec miuTiTebs eklesia-
monastrebis garSemo Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros napovni
saRvine WurWeli.
monastrebSi yovelTvis didi raodenobiT Rvino mzaddeboda, razec
mowmobs rogorc istoriuli faqtebi, aseve arqeologiuri gaTxrebi,
magaliTad, Zvelad nekresis monasteris maranSi, romelic daaxloebiT 200
kv.m. farTobze iyo agebuli, xuTi sawnaxeli muSaobda, sadac erTdroulad
10 tona yurZnis dawurva iyo SesaZlebeli.
gelaTis akademiSi, X-XI saukuneebSi im drois erT-erTi yvelaze
cnobil saswavlo centrSi, flobdnen Rvinis warmoebis gansakuTrebul
xerxs. aqvea Semonaxuli uZvelesi marani.
asevea Semonaxuli Zveli marnebi varZiis samonastro kompleqsSi da
kidev bevrs sxva monasterSi.
vazis kulturasTan aris dakavSirebuli qristianobis gavrcelebac
saqarTveloSi, rodesac me-IV saukuneSi wminda ninom, sakuTari TmiT vazisgan
jvari Sekra da saqarTveloSi Semovida. es jvari dRemde inaxeba
saqarTveloSi, sionis sakaTedro daZarSi da mas msoflioSi analogi ar
hyavs. aRsaRniSnavia is faqti, rom saqarTvelos garda msoflios arcerT
qristianul qveyanaSi ar arsebobs “vazis jvris simbolika”.
qristianuli samyaro wiTel Rvinos, odiTganve gansakuTrebuli
sifaqiziTa da siyvaruliT epyroba, rac ganpirobebulia imiT, rom wiTeli
Rvino gurunduksa da sakmevelTan erTad uZvelesi droidan religiuri wes-
Cveulebis aucilebeli nawilia. is udidesi saidumlos _ ziarebis dros
gamoiyeneba. saeklesio kanoni zustad gansazRvravs Rvinis moxmarebis drosa
da wess. moTxovna, romelsac marTlmadidebuli eklesia ayenebs saeklesio
Rvinis mimarT, emyareba or wyaros: kanonier uflebasa da tradicias. kanonis
mixedviT, wm. evqaristiis saidumlos Sesasruleblad gamoiyeneba yurZnis
nayofis Rvino, miRebuli yurZnis mtevnebis dawurviT.
es moTxovna emyareba 7 msoflio da mravali adgilobrivi saeklesio
krebis gadawyvetilebebs. IV saukunidan dawyebuli am krebebs eswrebodnen da
warmarTavdnen im drois qristianuli qveynebis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi
saberZneTidan, bizantiidan, egviptidan, saqarTvelodan, somxeTidan,
italiidan, espaneTidan, siriidan, Crd. afrikidan _ unda aRiniSnos, rom es
yvela Rvinis kulturisa da warmoebis qveynebia.

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 amave dros, wm. evqaristiis saidumlosaTvis gamoiyeneba mxolod
wiTeli Rvino, rac imiT unda aixsnas, rom igi qristes sisxlad aRiqmeba.
“marTlmadidebuli eklesiis wminda mRvdelmsaxurTa samagido wignSi”,
romelic efuZneba dabadebis wigns (49,11) da meore rjuls (32,14),
ganmartebulia Semdegi: “cxadia, rom saidumlo serobaze mxsnelis mier
swored wiTeli Rvino gamoiyeneboda, romelsac sazogadod iyenebdnen
palestinaSi, ris gamoc wm. werilSi mas mtevnis sisxli, yurZnis marcvlis
sisxli ewoda”. aqedan gamomdinare, Camoyalibda moTxovna, rom saeklesio
Rvino iyos wiTeli, yurZnis da sufTa, yovelgvari minarevebis gareSe.
amgvarad, eklesiis kanonebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi saeklesio Rvino
unda iyos muqi wiTeli, mSrali da zomierad magari. igi unda damzaddes
sufTa yurZnis wvenis duRilis gziT, yovelgvari Senarevebis gareSe.
qarTul istoriul wyaroebSi SemorCenilia termini “SemomwirvelTa
Wurni”. iTvleba, rom aseT WurebSi eklesiisaTvis Sewiruli Rvino inaxeboda.
mas swiravdnen dRegrZelobisa da codvebis SemsubuqebisaTvis. Semomwirveli
cdilobda yvelaze saukeTeso Tvisebis mqone Rvino _ “zedaSe” _ calke
qvevrSi Seenaxa da eklesiisaTvis gadaeca.
sulxans –saba orbelianis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi zedaSes
ganmartebas vkiTxulobT: ”zedaSe-Sesawiri Rvino”.
n.CubiniSvilis qarTul leqsikonSi ki zedaSe moixsenieba rogorc:
”Rvino xmarebuli Jamis wirvisa zeda sefiskverisa Tana, msoflioni uxmoben
Rvinosa Senaxulsa sTulisa drosa patara qocoSi, vidre dReobamde
salocavis adgilisa da maSin moxdian, Tan waiReben nakvebis zvariTurT
eklesiis kars, sadaca nawilsa zedaSisa da daklulis zvarisas miarTmeven
samRudeloTa. zogs daurigeben glaxakTa da danaSTens miiReben TviT munve.”
sazedaSe Rvinis dayenebis teqnologia didad ar gansxvavdeba
Cveulebrivi qvevris Rvinis dayenebis teqnologiisagan, ZiriTadi gansxvaveba
am or Rvinos Soris aris misi Sinaarsobrivi da daniSnulebiTi mxare. aseve
calke SeiZleba gamoiyos sazedaSe qvevrebic, isini maranSi erTgvar orients
warmoadgendnen da yovelTvis gamorCeul adgils iyvnen Caflulni. zedaSis
qvevri gancalkevebul adgils ikavebda, igi unda yofiliyo saukeTeso
adgilas sxva qvevrebTan SedarebiT, raSic igulismeba sigrile, mzis
sxivebis miuwvdomloba da myudro adgili. Zveli zedaSis qvevrebze SeimCneva
meqvevre ostatis mier gakeTebuli jvris formis damRebi.
zedaSis qvevrebisa da Rvinis kultura mTels saqarTveloSi iyo
gavrcelebuli, amJamad zedaSis Rvinis damzadeba mxolod monasterebSi
xdeba. Zvelad praqtikulad ar arsebobda arcerTi marani, sadac zedaSis
Tundac erTi qvevri ar yofiliyo Cafluli. aqedan gamomdinare, TiTqmis
yvela marnis mflobels hqonda zedaSis qvevri, romelSic mzaddeboda,
rogorc taZar-monastrebisaTvis Sesawiri Rvino, aseve saero Tu saeklesio
dResaswaulebze sakuTari moxmarebisTvis gankuTvnili Rvino. zedaSis
qvevrebsa da sazedaSe Rvinos yovelTvis didi gulisyuriT ekideboda
qarTveli kaci. aseT qvevrebTan da metadre RvinosTan, mandilosani axlosac
ki ar midioda.

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 taZar-monastrebisadmi Senawiri Rvinis garkveuli nawili sabarZimed
iyo gankuTvnili. aseTi Rvino wirva-locvis dros macxovris sisxlad
aRiqmeba, swored es umTavresi momenti ganapirobebs, imas rom sazedaSe
Rvinos gansakuTrebuli, movla da mopyroba esaWiroeba, raSic igulisxmeba,
marnisa da qvevris movla, yurZnis jiSi, yurZnis tkbilis daduReba,
daRviniebisa da Senaxvis procesi.
sazedaSe Rvinis dasayeneblad gamoyenebuli unda iqnes, mxolod
wiTelyurZniani vazis jiSebi, rogorebicaa: saferavi, ZvelSavi, ocxanuri
safere, Tavkveri Savkapito da sxva dasavleTisa Tu aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos yurZnis jiSebi. yovlad gamoricxulia hibriduli da e.w.
”uwamli” vazis jiSebis gamiyeneba.
amboben Rvinos adamianis xasiaTis damaxsovreba SeuZliao da isic
iseve moqmedebs adamianze rogor xasiaTzec iyo damzadebis dros meRvine.
albaT amitomacaa zedaSis Rvino aseTi gansakuTrebuli.
Zvelad yurZnis daWyletis dros, maranSi aucileblad inTeboda kelaptari,
sawnaxelSi ar SeiZleboda nasvami mamakacis an mandilosnis Cadgoma,
ikrZaleboda maranSi zedmeti xmauric da bilwsityvaobac, ikiTxeboda
locvebic. es tradicia amJamad monastrebSia SemorCenili, sadac zedaSes
Rvinis dasamzadeblad gansakuTrebulad emzadebian. sawnaxelSi ki mxolod
uxucesis mier kurTxeul bers an morCils aqvs Cadgomis ufleba, romelic
winaswar, sawnaxelSi Cadgomamde, kiTxulobs ganwmendis locevebs, Semdeg
dgeba sawnaxelSi da fexiT Wylets yurZens, aseve locvebis da
sagaloblebis TanxlebiT. miRebuli tkbili ki qvevrSi Tavsdebda
durdosTanNerTad dasaRvineblad.
Zvelad iyo da axlac aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac sazedaSe qvevri ziandeba,
ibzareba an tydeba, axlis sanacvlo sazedaSe qvevrs moculobiT ufro didi
qvevriT cvlian, es kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom es tradicia saqarTveloSi
didi siZveliT xasiaTdeba da mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva.
zedaSis kultura qarTuli meRvineobis damaxasiaTebeli da ganuyofeli
nawilia.

sawnaxeli-akvani sadac mze ibadeba

sawnaxeli es aris yurZnis sawuri WurWeli, romelic ZiriTadad

gvxvdeba xis, qvis da qvitkiris. saqarTveloSi dResac aris SemorCenili
sawnaxelSi, fexiT yurZnis dawurvis tradicia. sawnaxelebs aseve
gansxvaveben sididiT, formiT da tevadobiT.
xis sawnaxels amzadeben cacxvis, iSviaTad wablis, Telis an sxva
xisgan. igi aris xis gulamoRebuli da sagangebod gaTlili grZeli mori.
saqarTvelos regionebis mixedviT igi sxvadasxva saxelwodebiTaa cnobili:
navi (qarTl-kaxeTi), sawnaxeli (qarTli, imereTi, guria, raWa), oWinax
(samegrelo), xorgo (raWa-leCxumi), xapi (raWa).
xis sawnaxeli SeiZleba daiyos Semdegi niSan-Tvisebebis mixedviT:
moyvanilobis, Rrus TaviseburebiT da formiT, Tavis da bolos

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moyvanilobiT da Sekvris wesiT, tkbilis gamosasvleli Wrilisa da baqanis
TaviseburebiT.
xis sawnaxeli qarTl-kaxeTSic gamoiyeneba, romelic ZiriTadad
imerili ostatebis mieraa damzadebuli, vinaidan dasavleT saqarTveloSi
ZiriTadad xis sawnaxelebi gamoiyeneba. rogorc arqeologiuri gaTxrebi
iuwyebian me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos umravles
raionebSi qvitkiris sawnaxelebi Warbobda, xis sawnaxelebs mxolod
dasavleT saqarTvelos momijnave raionebSi iyenebdnen.
qvitkiris sawnaxeli, damaxasiaTebelia saqarTvelos aRmosavleT
raionebSi. sawnaxeli, maranzea miSenebuli da marnis kedlebi sawnaxelis
kedlebadaa gamoyenebuli, aseT SemTxvevaSi, sawnaxelis mxolod ori
kedelia amoSenebuli. rogorc Canawerebi iuwyebian, aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos zogierT raionSi qvitkiris sawnaxels Ria cisqveS aSenebdnen,
amgvar sawnaxelebs, rogorc specialistebi varaudoben, venaxSi yurZnis
dawurvisTvis iyenebdne, glexs rom yurZnis tkbili mietana maranSi da gzaSi
yurZeni ar dazianeboda.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli sawnaxelebi xSirad or
ganyofilebiania. erTi ganyofileba TeTri yurZnis dasawuradaa gankuTvnili,
xolo meore wiTeli yurZnis. tkbilis sadinari Sua nawilSia gantavsebuli
da daqaneba orive bolodan iwyeba.
qvitkiris sawnaxelebs adgilobrivi xelosnebi-kalatozebi aSenebdnen,
saSen masalad ki gamoiyenebdnen riyis qvas, filaqvis natexebs, xolo
gasamagreblad duRabs da kirxsnars.
rogorc istoriuli Canawerebi iuwyebianme-19 saukuneSi qvis sawnaxeli
qarTlSi yofila gavrcelebuli, kerZod ki duSeTis mazraSi. qvis sawnaxeli
qvitkirs sawnaxelze moklea, misi Ziri formiT kvadrats uaxlovdeba.
qvis sawnaxelebs qvis mTlelebi Tlidnen, isini gavrcelebuli iyo
qarTlSi, kaxeTSi da qiziySi.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenili uZvelesi qvis sawnaxelebi
adreelinisturi xaniT (Zv.w.-III ss) TariRdeba. isini kldeSia nakveTi.
TiToeul maTgans garda yurZnis dasawuri moednisa, aqvs tkbilis
mosakavebeli auzi, romelic ZiriTad ganyofilebastan kldeSive amokveTili
sadinariTaa dakavSirebuli. aseTi kldeSi nakveTi sawnaxelebi SemorCenilia
daviTgarejSic da varZiaSic.

marani-saRvine saxli

marani qarTuli warmoSobis sityvaa, sulxan-sabas “sityvis konaSi”-

ganmartebulia rogorc: “marani-saRvine saxli”, “saxli”-vinaidan RvinisaTvis
igivea, rac adamianisaTvis sacxovrebeli saxli. Rvino aris cocxali
organizmi da isic adamianis msgavsad gadis cxovrebis yvela etaps
dabadebidan gardacvalebamde.
saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi, yvela marani Tavisi
individualurobiT gamoirCeva. mcxeTis, TrialeTis, kaxeTis, Sua qarTlis,
vanisa da sxva arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros napovnia uZvelesi marnebi

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miwaSi Cafluli qvevrebiT, oqros, vercxlis, brinjaosa da Tixis sasmisebiT,
romlebic Cvens welTaRricxvamde III-II aTaswleulebiT TariRdeba.
qarTulma tradiciam bolo dromde Semoinaxa sxvadasxva saxis
maranebi, romlebic nagebobis mravalferovnebiT da met-naklebi
TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeba.
marnis mowyoba da arqiteqtura saqarTvelos kuTxeebis mixedviT
icvleba. zogadad ki saqaRtveloSi vxvdebiT marans: rogorc calke,
damoukidebel nagebobas, ogo saqarTvelos kuTxeebis mixedviT SeiZleba
iyos rogorc qviTkirisa Tu agurisa (qarTl-kaxeTi), ise xisgan naSeni
(dasavleT saqarTvelo), imeruli Ria WurisTavebi, romelsac saerTod ar
gaaCnia aranairi nageboba da qvevrebi Ria cis qveSaa Caflulli,
sacxovrebeli saxlis kompleqsSi mowyobili Tu saxlze minaSeni marani.
zogadad dasavleT saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli samkedliani anu
zurgiani marani, TavdacviTi nagebobis, koSkisa Tu cixis pirvel sarTulze
mowyobili marani, gamoqvabulSi anu kldeSi nakveTi marani da taZarze
minaSeni marani.
maT Soris gamoiyofa ori ZiriTadi tipi: Ria marani da daxuruli
marani. pirveli maTgans miekuTvneba, Ria cis qveS, miwaSi Cafluli qvevrebi.
sakuTriv maranSi ki moTavsebulia yurZnis fexiT dasawuri xorgo-sawnaxeli
da meRvineobis sxva WurWeli. xolo meore tipis maranSi qvevrebi
ganTavsebulia daxurul maranSi, iseve, rogorc meRvineobis danarCeni
inventari.
Ria marani damaxasiaTebelia mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelosTvis. igi
xSiria imereTSi, qvemo raWaSi, leCxumSi (rionis xeobaSi), guriaSi, naklebad
aris gavrcelebuli samegreloSi. misi erT-erT ZiriTad maxasiaTebelia Ria
cis qveS ganTavsebuli Wurebis adgil-samyofeli, romelsac aqvs sakuTari
saxelebi: WurisTavi (imereTi, raWa-leCxumi da guria), olagvane –“saqvevre”
(samegrelo).
imereTsa da raWa-leCxumSi Ria marns, Wur-maranis saxeliTac
moixsenieben. es termini xSirad ixsenieba gviani feodaluri xanis dasavleT
saqarTvelos istoriul sabuTebSi.
eTnografiuli monacemebis mixedviT, Wur-marani dasavlur qarTuli
kar-midamos ganuyreli nawilia. igi ganTavsebulia SemaRlebula adgilas,
radgan, WurisTavze haeri unda moZraobdes da wvimis wyalic ar unda
gubdebodes. garSemo ki xSirad mesriT an Sqmeris cocxali RobiT aris
SemosazRvruli.
imisTvis, rom Wurebs mzem ar daxedos da Rvino ar gaafuWos,
WurisTavs garSemo gaSenebulia komSis, Txilis an rcxilis xeebi. yvelaze
xSirad ki komSis xeebs rgaven, radgan is mravali dadebiTi TvisebiT
gamoirCeva. yvelaze mniSvnelovani ki is aris, rom misi fesvebi miwaSi Rrmad
da sworad midis, ris gamoc Wurebi ar ziandeba, foTlebs Wuris farflis
mosarecxad da Rvinis brkis mosawmendad iyeneben, xolo nayofs ki
RvinisaTvis sasiamovno sunis misacemad Wuris kedels usvaven. Ria cis qveS
Cayril Wurebs Tavi hermetulad exureba.

37
 WurisTavze sxvadasxva saxis maransac aSeneben, maT Soris gamoirCeva
xis marani, romelSic aseve sxvadasxva saxisaa: ukedlebo marani-romelic
muxis msxvil boZebze mdgari, ukedlebo gadaxuruli marania, sami mxridan
daxuruli anu samkedliani marani, ficruli da Zeluri anu mTlianad
daxuruli marani, romelic xiTaa naSenebi..
mkvlevarebis azriT, Ria marani dasavleT saqarTvelos bunebrivi
pirobebis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare yvelaze xelsayrelia Rvinis
Sesanaxad. maTive azriT, Warbi tenianobis gamo, daxurul maranSi Wurebis
damarxva saziano iyo da aris RvinisaTvis: mudmivi Crdilisa da mzis
naklebobis gamo Rvinos, Smoris suns iRebs. Ria WurisTavze ki sasurveli
simSralea: mas dila-saRamos mze udgeba, niavic uvlis, xolo zafxulis
moWarbebuli sicxisagan WurisTavs xis Crdili an saCrdilobeli icavs. es
yvela faqtori ki Rvinos gafuWebisagan icavs.
dResdReobiT Ria marni gavrcelebulia mxolod dasavleT
saqarTvelos teritoriaze, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis aseTi saxis
marani sruliad ucxoa. Tumca Zvelad, rogorc eTnografiuli da
literaturuli monacemebiT dgindeba, me-19 saukunis bolosTvis Ria marani
arcTu iSviaTi movlena iyo qarTlSi da aqa-iq kaxeTSiac, gansakuTrebiT ki
siRnaRis raionSi iyo gavrcelebuli. arqeologiuri monacemebi aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi Ria marnis Soreul tradiciebze miuTiTebs. qarTlis
teritoriaze ara erTgan aris aRmoCenili adre feodaluri da gvian
antikuri xanebis Ria marnis naSTebi. Tumca qarTl-kaxeTSi da agreTve
dasavleT saqarTvelos mTian regionSi, Ria WurisTavTan SedarebiT
upiratesoba eniWeba daxurul marans, rac am mxareTa geografiuli
TaviseburebebiT aixsneba. mag. qarTl-kaxeTSi daxuruli marani Rvinos icavs
zafxulSi moWarbebuli sicxisagan, xolo zamTarSi yinvisa da sicivis mavne
zegavlenisagan.
qarTuli marnis am tipSi ZiriTad gamoiyofen: marans-rogorc
gancalkevebiT mdgom nagebobas da marans-sacxovrebeli saxlis kompleqsSi.
gancalkevebuli marani ZiriTadad qviTkiris an xisganaa naSenebi.
qviTkiris marani, ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia qarTl-kaxeTisTvis.
zogierTi maTgani qarTuli xalxuri xuroTmoZRvrebis saucxoo nimuSad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos, Tavisi kedlebis lamazi wyobiT, fasadze Cayolebuli
aguris jvrebiT da zolebiT, aguriT amoyvanili TaRovani SesasvleliT da
muxis masiuri orfrTiani karebiT.
zogierTi marni or araTanabar nawiladaa gayofili TaRebiani kedeliT
an xis dedaboZiT, romelic lamazad moCuqurTmebul grZel baliSs ebjineba.
marnis mozrdil wina nawilSi qvevrebia Cafluli, piris irgvliv ki
aguriTaa gawyobili. amgvarad mopirkeTebul WurWelSi Rvino ufro sufTad
inaxeba. maranis meore, ukana, momceo nawilSi yurZnis dasawuri
ganyofilebaa. aq kedelTan mTel sigrZeze miSenebulia organyofilebiani
(orTvaliani) qvitkiris sawnaxeli.
aseTi saxis marani-“saRvine saxli” xSirad, mamakacTa lxinis adgilic
iyo da amJamadac aris. albaT amitomaca marnis erT-erT kedelSi buxari
CaSenebuli. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom buxris ZiriTadi daniSnuleba ara
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lxinisTvis misi gamoyeneba iyo, aramed sxva mniSvnelovani funqciac gaaCnda.
igi gamoiyeneboda rogorc marnis gasaTbobad, aseve marnis bunebrivi
ventilaciis saSualeba gaxldaT.
eTnografiuli monacemebiT amgvari marani xSiri iyo me-19 saukunis
qarTl-kaxeTSi. imave periodSi SeZlebul memamuleebs qvitkiris marnebi did
venaxebSic edgaT. yurZeni iqve iwureboda qvitkirisave sawnaxlebSi, xolo
dawuruli tkbili Semdeg did marnebSi gadahqondaT. aseTi marnis tipis
klasikur magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos qarTlSi sofel saguramoSi
Tadeoz guramiSvilis marani sami sawnaxeliTa da sami buxriT, yvarelSi
ilia WavWavaZis saxl-muzeumSi mdgari WavWavaZeebiseuli marani.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze SemorCenilia qvitkiris marnis
naSTebi Sua feodaluri xanis naqalaqrebsa Tu nasoflarebze, eklesia-
monastrebisa Tu sasaxleTa kompleqsebSi.
gancalkevebiT mdgomi qvitkiris marani iSviaTad gvxvdeba dasavleT
saqarTvelos mTian regionSi: zemo imereTSi (WiaTurisa da saCxeris
raionebi), leCxumSi (md. cxeniswylisa da lajanuras xeobebi) da zemo raWasa
da qvemo svaneTSi (lentexis raioni).
qvemo svaneTSi zogierT soflebSi dRemdea Semonaxuli qva-kiriT
naSenebi Zveli marnis naSTebi. zog maTganSi Tormetamde Wuria Cafluli.
rogorc Canawerebi iuwyebian “zogi Wuri imdenad didi yofila, rom karebSi
ar eteoda, ris gamoc jer Wurebs marxvdnen da Semdeg adgamdnen Senobas”.
unda aRiniSnos, rom aRniSnul mxareebSi (laSxeTsa da ColurSi) vazs ar
aSenebdnen, magram Rvino mainc sakmaod hqondaT. aq marnebi specialurad
RvinisTvis Sendeboda da Wurebs avsebdnen leCxumidan (nawilobriv raWidan)
motanili RviniT.
gancalkevebiT mdgomi daxuruli xis marani met-naklebad gvxvdeba
dasavleT saqarTveloSi. igi iSviaTia zemo imereTSi, guriasa da raWa-
leCxumSi, SedarebiT xSiria samegreloSi. istoriulad dasturdeba misi ori
saxeoba: ficruli da Zeluri anu jargvali. amaTgan es ukanaskneli
samegreloSi aqa-iq dRemdea SemorCenili.
aqve unda avRniSnoT raWuli xis marnis Taviseburi saxeoba “mTiulTa
marani”. Senobas Weri ar gaaCnia, aqvs miwis iataki da erTi kari. SigniT
Tavsdeba sawnaxlebi, tkbilis mosakavebeli WurWeli da yurZnis dasawuravad
saWiro sxva inventari. sawnaxlis win Caflulia erTi-ori Wuri satkbiled
da patara qvevri saxarjo RvinisaTvis. raWuli “mTiulTa marani”
gankuTvnilia yurZnis dasawurad, tkbilis dasaduReblad, Rvinis
dasayeneblad ki “saxlis marnebi” anu sacxovrebel saxlSi ganTavsebuli
marnebi gamoiyeneba. amgvari marani gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia qarTl-
kaxeTisaTvis, sadac misi araerTi nairsaxeoba dasturdeba.
am saxeobis Soreul winaprad unda miviCnioT urbnisis naqalaqarze
gaTxrili VI_VIII saukuneebis alizis marnebi, romlebic aliziTve nageb
sacxovrebelzea uSualod mibmuli.
aseve Zvel tradiciebs ganasaxierebs qarTl-kaxeTSi zogan SemorCenili
dabali saxlebi, zed midgmuli ficruli marniT.

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 qvemo qarTlSi, TrialeTSi, mesxeT-javaxeTSi sxvadasxva adgilas bolo
dromdea SemorCenili darbazuli sacxovreblebi, sagangebo sameurneo
saTavsoTi, romelsac marans uwodeben. am tipis marnis Tavisebur saxeobas
qmnis cixe-marani. qarTl-kaxeTSi dResac gvxvdeba gviani Sua saukuneebis
droindeli cixe-koSkebi, sadac qveda sarTuli mTlianad marans aqvs
daTmobili. aseT marans pirobiTad “koSkmaransac” uwodeben. koSkmarnebis
araerT nimuSs vxvdebiT ruispirSi, zemo xodaSenSi, axmetaSi, sabueSi, ZegvSi
da sxva adgilebSi. aseTi marani warmoadgens TavdacviT sabrZolo nagebobas,
sadac aseve gantavsebulia, buxari, sawnaxelebi, qvevrebi da kedelSi
ayvanili kibeebi.
unda aRiniSnos, isic rom eklesiebsac hqondaT TavianTi marnebi,
romelic ZiriTadad Rvinis Sesanaxad gamoiyeneboda. aseTi marnebi eklesiis
CrdiloeTis mxridan iyo miSenebuli da mxolod qvevrebi iyo ganTavsebuli,
vinaidan am qvevrebSi ZiriTadad mosaxleobis mier Semowiruli Rvino
inaxeboda. es imitac iyo ganpirobebuli, rom zogierTi taZaari, miuval
adgilas iyo aSenebuli, sadac monastris wevrebs, sxvagan damzadebuli
Rvino mihqondaT da qvevrebSi inaxavdnen. Tumca arsebobda taZrebi sadac
sawnaxelic hqondaT da qvevrebic. aseTia nekresis samonastro kompleqsi,
romlis maranSic, qvevrebis garda qvitkiriT naSeni sawnaxelia
ganTavsebuli.
marnis kidev erTi saxeoba romelsac Cven vxvdebiT varZiaSi, WaWkarSi,
ufliscixesa Tu WiaTuraSi, es aris kldeSi nakveTi marani.
qarTveli kacisTvis Rvino iTvleboda sicocxlisaTvis aucilebel
produqtad da iyo SemTxveva, rodesac erekle II-is dros, mcire raodenobiT
Rvinos sapyrobileSi myof patimrebsac ki asmevdnen, rogorc
janmrtelobisaTvis saWiro da aucilebel produqts. saqarTveloSi marani
ara mxolod Rvinis dasayenebeli da Sesanaxi saTavsoa, aramed wminda
adgilic. maranSi yovelTvis iyo xatis dasabrZanebeli niSa, sadac
ZiriTadad wm.giorgis xati esvena. qarTuli marnis SesasvlelSi an kedlebis
Seda mxares xSirad jvrebia gamosaxuli.
qarTulma matianem, araerTi cnoba Semogvinaxa imis sesaxeb, rom
rodesac saqarTvelos mZire periodi daudgeboda da taZar-monasterebi
dairbeoda, maSin jvriswera da naTloba maranSi aResruleboda, rogorc
wminda adgilas.
qarTuli marani saqarTvelos saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis
erT-erTi yvelaze ufro Zlieri fenomenia. araerTi uZvelesi ritualia
RvinosTan, vazTan da maranTan dakavSirebuli. Zvelad SeZlebul adamianad
iTvleboda ara is, visac bevri saxnav-saTesi miwa gaaCnda, aramed is visac
didi venaxi da gamarTuli marani hqonda.

40
marnis WurWeli da xelsawyoebi (es ar momwons rogorc saTauri,
Tumca sxva jer veraferi movifiqre )

saqarTveloSi arsebul yvela maranSi, inaxeba qvevridan Rvinis

amosaRebi WurWeli, aseve qvevris sarecxi xelsawyoebi, romelebic marnis
ganuyofeli nawilia. TiToeul maTgans Tavisi funqcia-daniSnuleba gaaCnia.
miuxedavad dRevandeli novatoruli teqnologiebisa, es aris xelsawyoebi
da WurWeli, romlis damzadebis teqnologia Taobidan Taobas gadaecema.
Rvinis dayenebis romelime etapze daSvebuli mciredi Secdoma xSirad
gamosworebadia, Tumca qvevris arasaTanado recxvas gamousworebel
Sedegamde mivyavarT. qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli
procesi, qvevris recxvaa, romel processac am saqmis gamocdili
profesionali esaWioreba. qarTul enaSi gvxvdeba termini –“qvevris
mrecxavi”, rac imas migvaniSnebs, rom es saqmianoba arsebobda rogorc
profesia.
qvevris gasarecxad ara erTi marnis iaraRi gamoiyeneboda da
dRsdReobiTac gamoiyeneba. TiToeuli maTgani regionis mixedviT
gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan, kuTxeebis mixedviT ki sxvadasxva Sesabamisi
saxelebiTa Tu sinonimebiTaa cnobili. magaliTad: ‘sarcxi”, “sarcxeli”,
“krazana”, “orxela sarcxi”, “orCxuSi”, “Rviis cocxi”, “orCxe”, “Tagvis ara”
da sxva.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da ufro metad kaxeTSi, qvevris sarecxad
mcenare krazanasagan (Hipericum) damzadebul saxexs iyeneben. misi damzadeba
yvela meRvines Tavad SeuZlia. mcenare samkurnalo Tvisebebis mqonea da
farTod gamoiyeneba xalxur medicinaSic.
qvevris garecxva xdeba krazanas fesvebiT, romelsac erTgvari
antiseptkuri Tvisebac gaaCnia. erTi aseTi sarecxi sakmarisia ramodenime
qvevris gasarecxad, igi umetesad erT sezonze cvdeba. ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba
didi qvevrebis gasarecxad.
didi qvevrebis sarecxad aseve gamoiyeneben Tagvisaras, romelic
mravalwliani buCqovani maradmwvane mcenarea. aqvs patara ekliania foTlebi
da wiTeli mrgvali nayofi. gamoiyeneba rogoc dasavleT ise aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi. misgan qvevris sarecx grZel tarian an mokle tarian “cocxs”
amzadeben. igi iseve rogorc krazanas fesvebisgan damzadebuli qvevris
sarecxi saSualeba, erTi sezoni gamoiyeneba. xalxis gadmocemiT saxeli
“Tagvis ara”, imitom daerqva, rom am mcenares, burRuliTa da marcvleuliT
saves tomrebs garSemo udebdnen, da ekliani foTlebis gamo, Tagvi ver
ekareboda, amitomac daerqva saxeli “Tagvisara” (Ruscus ponticus).
kaxeTSi, iSviaTad ki qarTlSi gamoiyeneben kidev erT sarecx “cocxs”,
romelsac Rviisgan amzadeben da mas pirobiTad Rviis cocxs eZaxian. Rviis
cocxi mzaddeba maradmwvane wiwvovani mcenare Rviisagan. aqvs mokle wiwvebi
da patara mowiTalo-molurjo mrgvali nayofi. misgan damzadebul cocxs,
iseve rogorc, krazanas da Tagvisaras, iyeneben didi qvevrebis gasarecxad,
Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom marnis iaraRebs Soris es erTerTi im
iaraRTSorisaa, romelic yvelaze iSviaTad gvxvdeba.
41
 dasavleT saqarTveloSi, qvevris sarecxad, ZiriTada gamoiyeneba
sarcxi, orxela sarcxi da orCxuSi.
sarcxs gaaCnia ramodenime sinonimi, magaliTad: “sarcxeli”, “sazedao
sarcxi”, “balRonji”, “ofiWo”, “kvinWa”. mas ZiriTad gamocdili specialisti
amzadebs, iSviTad TviTon glexic amzadebs Tavis marnisTvis.
sarcxi grZel tarze wamocmuli mware blis an aryis xis qerqebis didi
raodenobaa, romelsac ostati sabolood kargad tkepnis da ise argebs
grZel tarze. misi sinonimi “sazedao sarcxi” –gamoiyeneba qvevris zemodan
gasarecxad. sarcxis dasamzadeblad aseve gamoiyeneba blisa da alublis
qerqebi. xes qerqi Zalian faqizad ecleba, raTa misi merqani ar daziandes da
ar gamoiwvis xis gaxmoba an daavadeba.
orxela sarcxi, ZiriTadad didi qvevrebis sarecxad gamoiyeneba, iseTi
qvevrebis romlis gasarecxadac SigniT Casvlaa saWiro. mas ori mokle
saxeluri gaaCnia rac aiolebs mis daWeras qvevris recxvisas. dsavleT
saqarTvelos kerZod guriis regionSi, orxela sarcxis garda
gavrcelebulia qvevris sarecxi xelsawyo “orCxuSi”, romeliც simindis
fuCecisagan mzaddeba. xis mogrZo tarze damagrebulia ramodenime simindis
fuCeCi. es yvelaze primitiuli sarecxi saSualebaa, qvevrebis sasrecx
iararebs Soris.
qarTul maranSi qvevris gasarecxad araerTi iaraRi gamoiyeneba, es
mxolod CamonaTvalis is mcire nawilia, romelic dRes yvelaze metad
gvxvdeba saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebSi. aqedan gamomdinare, Tamamad
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qvevris recxvas sakmaod didi yuradReba eTmoboda da
axlac eTmoba.
marans aseve amSvenebs qvevridan amosaRebi sxvadasxva saxis WurWeli.
regionebis mixedviT isinic gansxvavebulia. yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia:
orSimo, xapiri, avgardani, xelqoTana, Cafi da koWo.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, qvevridan amosaReb WurWlebs Soris
gavrcelebulia Tixis xelqoTana anu Cafruka, igi patara zomis, daaxloebiT
erTi-erTnaxevari litris samarne WurWelia, romelic ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba
patara qvevrebidan Rvinis amosaRebad. aseTive daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneba
spilenZis xelqoTanac da yuriani koWoebic, romelTa moculoba 0.5-1
litria. yuriani koWoebi, Signidan mokalulia da xSirad Semkulia
ornamentebiT. didi moculobis qvevrebidan Rvinis amosaRebad metwilad
spolenZi Cafs gamoiyeneben. regionebis mixedviT, Cafebis rogorc moculoba
ise moyvaniloba gansxvavebulia: qarTlSi ufro mrgvali formis Cafs
gamoiyeneben, xolo kaxeTSi Cafis Ziri wawvetebulia.
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, qvevridan Rvinis amosaRebi yvelaze
gavrcelebuli WurWelia, orSimo, igive xapi, kope, xrika. igi mzaddeba
gogrisgan (Vulgaris Ser.), romelic mimagrebulia xis grZel tarze, iSviaTad
SevxvdebiT orSimos romelsac ar aqvs xis tari, mis magivrobas ki gogris
grZeli yeli asrulebs. dasavleT saqarTvelos zogierT maranSi, vxvdebiT
Tixisa da spilenZis orSimoebsac. aseT SemTxvevaSi gogros nacvlad
gamoiyeneba, doqis formis Tixis an spilenZis WurWeli, romelic aseve xis
grZel tarzea mimagrebuli.
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 qvevris ZirSi yovelTvis rCeba garkveuli raodenibos Rvino, leqi,
narecxi wyali, romelic sakmaod rTuli amosaRebia. amitomac glexma Seqmna
qvevris Ziridan amosaRebi WurWeli, iseTebi rogoricaa avgardani da xapiri,
igive spilenZis orxela da sxva. avgardani, xis grZel tarze damagrebuli
spilenZis WurWelia, igi ZiriTadad kaxeTSia gavrcelebuli, Tumca
saqarTvelos sxva regionebSic vxvdebiT sxvadasxva saxecvlilebebiT. igive
daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneba xapiric anu igive spilenZis orxeli. igi erTgvari
jamia, mokleTokebiT mimagrebuli or grZel tarze.

Rvinis sasmisi

istoriulad saqarTveloSi yvela kuTxes TavisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

sasmisi hqonda. gaTxrebis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis analiziT Cans, rom
uZvelesi droidan saqarTvelos teritoriaze mcxovreb xalxs
mravalferovani, maRali gemovnebiT nakeTebi Rvinis sasmisi WurWeli
Seuqmnia.
saRvine WurWeli Soreul warsulSi Tixisgan mzaddeboda, mogvianebiT
ki oqrosa da vercxlisagan. aseTi WurWeli didi zomiT ar gamoirCeoda,
maTi formac nairgvari iyo.
mogvianebiT gvian antikur xanaSi sasmisebis ricxvs daemata importuli
WurWeli kerZod ki minis sxvadasxva formis WurWeli.
dResdReobiTac, odiTganve tradiciebis moyvarul qveyanas, Rvinis
sasmisebic tradiciuli aqvs SemorCenili. rogorebicaa: kula, koCxo, fiala
Tasi, jami, yanwi, marani, azarfaSa, WinWila (WiWila), kaTxa da yaryara da
sxva. K

kula
kula Zvelad yvelaze gavrcelebuli sasmisi iyo, amJamad ki Zvel
ojaxebSi Tu SevxvdebiT, isic Zalze iSviaTad. yvela kulas, axasiaTebs
naxevarsferuli, kvercxis formis tani da miliseburi yeli, romelic
bolovdeba Caxeuli tuC-piriT.
kulebi mzaddeboda ZiriTadad xisgan da gogris qerqisagan. maT
apirkeTebdnen sxvadasxva saxis ornamentebiT, TvlebiT, svamdnen vercxlisa
da oqros CarCoebSi.
kulidan smis dros sasmeli xmas gamoscems, ris gamoc mas rakrakasac
eZaxian.

koCxo
koCxo naxevarsferuli, ovaluri, zogjer naviseburi formisaa,
romlic momrgvalebuli Ziris gamo ar idgmeba. amzadeben ZiriTadad xisgan.
is mTaSi gavrcelebuli tradiciuli sasmisia. mas samecxvareo sasmissac
uwodeben. koCxoebs xSirad qamarze ikidebdnen, raTa saxeldaxelo sufraze
ojaxs mocilebul mecxvareebs TavianTi sasmisebi hqondaT. saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva raionSi mas sxvadasxvanairad eZaxian: raWaSi_kvinCxa, kvatuSi;

43
svaneTSi_kvaranCxa; leCxumSi_qviSina; samegrelosa da afxazeTSi_Cayva.

fiala, Tasi, jami

fiala pirgaSlili, dabali sasmisia, mcire Tasis magvari WurWeli.

xmarobdnen Rvinisa da wylis dasalevad. mzaddeboda sxvadasxva masalisagan:
oqros, vercxlis, faifuris, Tixisa da xisagan.
fialasTan SedarebiT Tasi ufro didi zomis pirgaSlili sasmisia.
isic sxvadasxva masalisagan mzaddeboda. feodalur saqarTveloSi mefe-
didebulTa nadimebze sma umTavresad oqros an vercxlis TasebiT iyo
miRebuli. sayuradReboa, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielebSi saqorwino
lxinSi sadRegrZelos gadacemis uflebas “Tasi” erqva.
jami sufris WurWelTagan yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli sasmisia.
“xelmwifis karis garigebaSi” aseTi Tanamdebobac ki gvxvdeba
mejameTuxucesi.

yanwi

yanwi mzaddeba cxovelis rqisagan. tradiciulad sayanwed gamoiyeneba

jixvisa da Zixvis (xaris, gareuli Txis) rqebi. maT wmenden, amuSaveben da
apirkeTeben, xan vercxliT, xan Ril _ mZivebiT. jixvis yanwi gamoiyeneba
Rvinis dasalevad, Zixvis yanwebi arayisaTvisaa gamiznuli.

marani

marani keramikisagan damzadebuli rTuli Sedgenilobis sasmisia. igi

Wur-marans ganasaxierebs. sasmisis zeda nawilSi Semomwkrivebulia aTamde
WinWila. erT-erTi maTgani Rvinis Casasxmelia. WinWilebi erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebulia ziarWurWlis principiT. sasmisis wina mxares marnis piria.
marani gavrcelebuli yofila qarTl-kaxeTsa da imereTSi da ritual
sasmisad iTvleboda. xmarobdnen qorwilebSi, axalSeqmnili ojaxebisaTvis
nayofiereba rom esurvebinaT. sasmisis warmoeba dRes aRdgenilia da marani
kvlav amSvenebs qarTul sufras.

azarfeSa
azarfeSa vercxlis grZeltariani sasmisia. Cveulebriv mooqrovili da
mosevadebuli. zogjer fskerze frinvelis an cxovelis (mtredi, iremi)
moZravi figura aqvs mimagrebuli, tars ki saxotbo leqsi amSvenebs.

WinWila (WiWila)
WinWila mcire moculobis Tixis WurWelia. aqvs mrgvali muceli,
swori Ziri da yeli, aris yuriani da uyuro. itevs erT Wiqa siTxes.
gavrcelebulia qarTl-kaxeTsa da imereTSi. am sasmisis siZvele
arqeologiuri masalebiTac dasturdebda. marani 6-10 erTad Semomwkrivebuli
WinWilisagan Sedgeba.
44
 kaTxa
kaTxa Sedgeba dasadgami, fexisa da tanisagan. fexidan tanisaken
gadasvlis adgili viwroa da Semdeg TandaTanobiT iSleba. kaTxis tani
TavwakveTili konusis formisaa; fexi damuxluli aqvs.
saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia xis kaTxebi. isini
ornamentirebulia. zogierTze gamosaxulia stilizebuli cxovelisa da
adamianis gamosaxulebani.
arsebobs orTvala da samTvala kaTxebi. samTvala kaTxa ZiriTadad
mzaddeboda xevsureTSi da jvar-xatis mosaxsenieblad gamoiyeneboda.
zomis mixedviT, kaTxebs raWaSi sxvadasxva saxelebi hqvia, Zalian did
katxas “obolas” eZaxian, xolo sul mcire zomisas “xamanwkas”. xis didi
kaTxa “obola” sufraze Rvinis masakavebeli WurWelic iyo da sasmisic.
saSualo da patara zomis kaTxebi mxolos sasmisebad gamoiyeneboda,
xamanwkebiT ki arays svavdnen.

yaryara
yaryara vercxlis sanadimo WurWelia: mrgavlmucliani, qusliani,
maRali da uCveulod dagrexilyeliani, romlidanac sasmeli sasiamovno
rakrakiT gadmodis. sulxan-saba orbeliani mas uwodebda “smaSi xmis mcemel
sarwyuls”.
yaryara SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva tevadobis, sada an Weduri wesiT
ornamentirebuli. igi damaxasiaTebeli iyo Tbilisuri yofisaTvis.
Zveli Tqmulebis Tanaxmad; erekle mefes nadimobisas Seatyobines,
mtris Semoseva. gambrazebulma mefem, yaryaras, romelic xelSi eWira yeli
mougrixa, ris Semdegac yaryaras dagrexili yeliT amzadebdnen.

qarTuli tradiciebidan gamomdinare Rvinis daleva nebismieri sasmisiT

SeiZleba, magram aromatisa da sagemovnebo Tvisebebis aRsaqmelad didi
mniSvneloba aqvs, rogori formis sasmisiT SevsvamT Rvinos.
Rvinis dasalevad gamoiyeneba Txeli, gamWvirvale SuSisagan
damzadebuli Wiqa. ar aris miRebuli sqelkedliani da feradi SuSisagan
damzadebuli Wiqis gamoyeneba. Wiqis forma didi gavlenas axdens Rvinis
organoleptikur maCveneblebze, es migneba minis mwarmoebel, avstriel
ostats klaus iozef ridels ekuTvnis, igi miiCnevda, rom sworad SerCeuli
Wiqa Rvinis dadebiTi Tvisebebis srulyofilad SegrZenebis saSualebas
gvaZlevs. Rvinis cnobili kritikosis roi murfildis azriT, Rvinis Wiqis
forma yurZnis jiSsac unda Seesabamebodes, sakiTxisadmi amdagvari midgoma
zogierTs SesaZloa gadaWarbebuladac ki eCvenos, magram yovelive amas
mecnieruli axsna aqvs: gemos aRqmis receptorebi adamianis enis sxvadasxva
nawilzea ganlagebuli, magaliTad: sitkbo-enis wverTan. mJavianoba ki enis
gverdebze, aseve cnobilia, rom Wiqis forma gavlenas axdens RvinoSi
arsebul sxvadasxva naerTebze, rogoricaa aromatuli naerTebi, romlebic
warmoqmnian Rvinis specifikur bukets. ganier WiqaSi Rvinis haerTan Sexebis
zedapiri ufro didia vidre viwroyelianSi, amitom aromatuli da sxva
45
naerTebis daJangva ufro swrafad warimarTeba, vidre viwroyelianSi,
agreTve Wiqis datrialebiT ganier WiqaSi Rvinis gaqarva ufro swrafad
xdeba, rac Rvinis aromatul naerTebs gacilebiT swrafad anTavisuflebs.
yovelive es sabolood aisaxeba Rvinis organoleptikur maCvenebelze.
profesionali degustatorebi Wiqis xarisxsa da formas did mniSvnelobas
aniWeben. maTTvis Wiqa uzustesi xelsawyoa. yuradRebas aqceven masalas,
romlisganac damzadebulia Wiqa, aseve kedlis sisqes, magram mTavari mainc
formaa. Sesaferisi Wiqis gamoyenebiT adamiani SeigrZnobs Rvinis aromats,
gemos da fers. swored aseTi Sexedulebebis gamo, ridelebis ukve 350-wliani
istoriis mqone saojaxo biznesi, cnobilia revoluciuri Rvinis Wiqebis
warmoebiT.
klaus ridelis mier dawyebuli Wiqebis seria gaafarTova, ganavrco da
genialurad miawoda msoflios, misma Svilma georg ridelma. misi
xelmZRvanelobiT saojaxo fabrikam Seqmna sxvadasxva zomisa da formis
asze meti bikali, romelebic msoflios saukeTeso Rvinoebisa da magari
alkoholuri sasmelebisTvisaa gankuTvnili. kompaniis mTavari faseulobaa
principi - „SigTavsi ganapirobebs formas“, am principze dayrdnobiT,
ridelebis saojaxo fabrikam, msoflios calkeul yurZnis jiSze da
msoflios yvelaze cnobili mevenaxeobis regionebis Rvinoebze mrgebuli
koleqcia Seqmenes. Rvinis Wiqebis, geometriasa Tu Rvinis macmarebis
fsiqologiaze warmoebuli mravalwliani eqsperimentebis Sedegag, kompaniam
idialur brolis bikalTa koleqcia Seqmna-16 gamorCeuli sasmisi msoflios
yvelaze popularuli Rvinis 16 jiSisaTvis. aseTive kvlevebisa da faruli
degustaciebis Sedegad Seiqmna, qarTuli yurZnis jiSis „saferavis“ bokali,
romelic ridelis koleqciaSi sapatio me-17 adgils ikavebs. igi iseve rogoc
sxva ridelis cnobili Wiqebi, msoflios sxvadasxva yvelaze cnobil
restornebSi da ridelis katalogis mTavar koleqciaSi sapatio adgils
daikavebs.
georg ridelis warmoebaSi saferavis Rvinis bokalis gamoCena
qarTuli Rvinis istoriaSi erT-erT mniSvnelovan movlenad SeiZleba
miviCniod.

rTveli - sufra, lxini, nadimi...

odiTganve cnobilia qarTveli kacis, vazisadmi siyvaruli da

erTguleba. igi yovelTvis SviliviT uvlida vazs, ar iSurebda Zalasa da
energias, xolo rodesac Semodgoma modioda da yurZeni mwifdeboda,
iwyeboda dResaswauli, vazis zeimi – rTveli.
uZvelesi droidan dRemde, rTveli iTvleboda da axlac iTvleba
erTgvar dResaswaulad, romelic moicavs mTel rig sadResaswaulo
ritualebs da misTvis mzadeba, bevrad adre iwyeba, videre TviTon rTveli,
romlis dawyebamdec qarTvelebi, pirvel rigSi, qvevrs recxaven da marnebs
awesrigeben.

46
 sadResaswaulo ganwyobis garda, rTvels odiTganve Zalian didi
datvirTva hqonda, rameTu igi ojaxis keTildReobas gansazRvravs. yurZnis
dasakrefad mzian, mSral aminds arCeven. Zvelad, cdilobdnen rac SeiZleba
did xans gaCerebuliyo yurZeni mzeze, raTa mas sitkbo SeeZina, rogorc
glexebi amboben: rac ufro mwifea mtevani, miT ufro kargi Rvino dgeba.
swored amitom amboben, rom karg RvinoSi bevri mze ariso.
ojaxis wevrebis garda, rTveliSi, yurZnis krefisas, rogorc wesi,
naTesavebi da ojaxis wevrebi monawileoben. Zvelad rTvelis dRes, ojaxis
ufrosi diliT adre venaxSi Cadioda da kocons anTebda, mogvianebiT mas
rTvelSi monawile sxva ojaxis wevrebic uerTdebodnen sakvebiT, RviniT,
puriTa da sxvadasxva kerZebiT. arsebobs uZvelesi tradicia, romlis
Tanaxmadac rTvelis dawyebamde, sauzmobisas, ojaxis ufrosma yurZnis
brendiT (WaWa) unda Sesvas rTvelis dawyebis sadRegrZelo.
yurZnis krefa yovelTvis xalisiT mimdinareobs, saqarTvelos
im regionSi, sadac rTvelia, yurZnis krefas Tan axlavs am regionisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli simRerebi. Zvelad rTvelisaTvis dawnul kalaTebs da maT
sxvadasxvagvar variaciebs gamoiyenebdnen, axla ki maT rcxvs daemaka xisa da
plastmasisi yuTebi. mcire venaxebSi rTveli erT dReSi sruldeba, maSin
rodesac mozrdili venaxebis mflobelebi yurZnis krefas 10-15 dRes
andomeben. yurZeni dakrefis dResve iwureba, radgan RamiT datovebuli
yurZeni fuWdeba da misgan miRebuli Rvinis xarisxic Zalian dabalia. did
marnebSi yurZeni iwureba Tanamedrove danadgarebiT, xolo ojaxur da mcire
marnebSi yurZnis dawurva, rogorc Zvelad sawnaxelSi mimdinareobs. yurZnis
dakrefisa da dawurvis Semdeg saWiroa mTeli rigi samuSaoebis Catareba:
marnis dalageba-dasufTaveba, Rvinis fermentaciaze dakvirveba, saWmelad
SerCeuli yurZnis Senaxva, TaTarasaTvis yurZnis wvenis momzadeba,
CurCxelebis momzadeba da sxv.
saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebulad aRniSnaven rTvelis damTavrebas.
rTvelis dasrulebis Semdeg yovelvis iSleba qarTuli tradiciuli sufra;
sufraze svamen Rvinos, mRerian qarTul xalxur simRerebs, cekvaven,
mxiaruloben da rac mTavaria, erTmaneTis da mosuli stumrebis mimarT
gansakuTrebul siTbosa da siyvaruls gamoxataven. sufras uZRveba sufris
wevrebis mier arCeuli – Tamada, romelic gamoirCeva mWermetyvelebiT,
iumoriT, tradiciebis pativiscemiTa da codniT. Tamadam zedmiwevniT icis,
sufris gaZRola, masze bevria damokidebuli Tu rogor warimarTeba nadimi.
sityva sufra, sparsuli warmoSobisaa (sofre) da pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT gadafarebul qsovils niSnavs. qarTul enaSi mas sxva
leqsikuri sinonimic aqvs, rogoricaa-"tabla" (igive magida). sufra, eTnikuri
kulturis elementia, igi dakavSirebuli uZveles xalxur, saweso qmedebaTa
da sanaxaobaTa sawyisebTan. saqarTvelos TiToeuli kuTxeSi sufras
sxvadasxva gvarad moixsenieben, magaliTad: sufra, feSxumi; xonCa, tabla da
sxva.
qarTuli sufra, nadimi da lxini, gamorCeulia sadRegrZeloebisa da
simRerebis mravalferovnebiT. nadimisas orgvari mimarTva arsebobs –
„sadRegrZelo Tqvi“ an „dailoce“! saeklesio cxovrebaSi sufra, moixsenieba
47
rogorc trapezi. erTerTi gadmocemiT sadRegrZeloc trapezis dros
Seiqmna, rodesac, magidasTan mjdomi berebi da eklesiis msaxurni, RvTis
sadidebel sityvas, locvas ambobdnen, da erTmaneTs dRegrZelobas
usurvebdnen.
istoriulad cnobilia rom, saqarTveloSi mudmivad iyo mtris
Semosevaebi, ris gamoc qarTveli mamakaci mudmiv mzadyofnaSi unda yofili.
aqedan gamomdinare, iaraRi misi cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawili gaxda.
miuxedavad amisa iaraRiT sufrasTan jdoma miuReblad iTvleboda da es
wesi me-20 saukunis dasawyisamde moqmedebda. Tamada, vidre nadims
msvlelobas miscemda, iq mjdom yvela mamakacs Seaxsenebda – "iaraRi
SeixseniTo" da amis magaliTs pirveli TviTon iZleoda. yvela valdebuli
iyo, es miTiTeba Seesrulebina da sanadimo sufrasTan uiaraRod mjdariyo.
stumrebis iaraRs ojaxis ufrosi mamakaci saimedod inaxavda nadimis
dasrulebamde. es faqti kidev erTxel adasturebs, Tamadisadmi da
ojaxisadmi, stumris did pativiscemas.
saqarTvelos yvela kuTxisaTvis erTnairad damaxasiaTebelia stumris
mimarT pativiscema da siyvaruli, guluxvoba, xelgaSliloba da sufrasTan
molxena, Tumca yvelafer amas Taviseburad gamoxataven saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. qarTuli sufra qarTuli samzareulos erTgvari
demonstraciaa. garda amisa qarTuli Rvino da qarTuli kerZebi erTmaneTs
haermoniulad exameba da stumars dauviwyar SegrZnebebs utovebs, romelic
gemosa da aromatebSi gamoixateba. amas adasturebs
inglisSi gamosuli Rvinis Jurnalis –
"dekanteris" konsultant – gamomcemlis stiven spurieris Canaweri. igi
aRniSnavs: _qarTuli Rvinoebi ara marto sasiamovno da gemrielia aramed,
gansakuTrebuli Semadgenlobis wyalobiT dieturi da garkveuli kvebiTi
TvisebebiT gamoirCeva. gansakuTrebiT msurs xazi gavusva qarTuli Rvinis
adgilobriv sakvebTan Sexamebis faqtors. msoflios arcerT qveyanaSi,
adgilobrivi Rvinoebiise ar exameba adgilobriv sakvebs, rogorc
saqarTveloSi."
qarTuli, erovnuli tradiciebi ama Tu im kuTxis wes-CveulebebiT
ivseba da mdidrdeba, magram arc yofila da arc iqneba arc erTi tradicia
adamianis gavlenis gareSe. Tu erma mdidari, mowinave, droisaTvis
Sesaferisi da misabaZi tradiciebi Seqmna, eWvgareSea rom, es misi didi
istoriisa da maRali kulturis niSania.

TaTara, CurCxela- tkbili Semodgoma

TaTara da CurCxela yvela qarTvelisTvis erTerTi sayvareli

nugbaria. mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis qveyanaSi yurZnisgan Rvinis
damzadebis paralelurad, TaTarisa da CurCxelis damzadebasac didi xnis
istoria da tradicia aqvs. Cvens welTaRricxvamde meore saukuniT
daTariRebuli samarxebis arqeologiuri gaTxrebisas napovnia Tixis
firfitebi, romlebzec CurCxelis damzadebis scenebia asaxuli da Tixis
specialuri WurWeli, romelSic Zveli qarTvelebi CurCxelas inaxavdnen.
48
CurCxela omSi mimaval mebrZolTa ganuyreli atributi iyo, mas dResac
gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia mTaSi mcxovreb mwyemsTa abgaSi. jer kidev
Zvelad qarTvel meomrebs yovelTvis Tan mihqondaT CurCxela da yurZnis
tkbilisagan damzadebuli, tkbili kverebi, radgan kargad inaxeboda da
noyieric iyo. roca sakvebi moakldebodaT CurCxelas an tkbil kverebs
miirTmevdnen da dakargul energias ibrunebdnen. didi samamulo omis dros
zurgSi myofi qarTvelebi brZolisunarianobis asamaRleblad da imunitetis
gasaZliereblad frontze gansakuTrebiT didi raodenobiT swored yurZnis
badagisgan damzadebul tkbil kverebsa da CurCxelebs agzavnidnen.
saqarTveloSi CurCxelebs kaxuri, qarTluri, imeruli, guruli da
raWa-leCxumuri wesebiT amzadeben.
kaxuri CurCxela - ZiriTadad mzaddeba rqawiTelis jiSis yurZnis
wvenis TaTariTa da kakliT;
CurCxelis sigrZe 25-35 sm-ia, TaTariT dafaruli fenis sisqe ki - aranakleb
1,5-2 sm. axalamovlebuli CurCxela 15-17 dRe Sreba da yuTebSi naWrebSi
Sexveuli inaxeba;
imeruli CurCxela - mzaddeba kraxunasa da colikauris jiSis yurZnis
felamuSisa daAZiriTadad Txilisagan. misi sigrZe odnav Camouvardeba
kaxurs, sisqiT ki gacilebiT Txelia, Ria ferisa, naklebSaqriania da odnav
momJavo gemo dahkravs, sxvanairad mas janjuxa-sac eZaxian;
qarTlis CurCxela - odnav Ria ferisaa da Zalian hgavs kaxurs;
guruli CurCxela - mzaddeba, rogorc imeruli, simindis fqviliT
Sezavebuli felamuSisgan, im gansxvavebiT, rom masSi zogjer cotaoden
Tafls amateben. guruli CurCxelebi yvelaze "maRali" qarTuli CurCxelebia,
romelTa sigrZe zogjer erT metrsac ki aRwevs;
raWa-leCxumuri CurCxela - mzaddeba aleqsandroulis, colikaurisa da
ojaleSis jiSis yurZnis wvenisgan, garegnobiT Zalian hgavs imeruls.
nebismier kuTxeSi momzadebuli CurCxela erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba rogorc formiTa da SesaxedaobiT, ise gemoTi, magram yvela
aromatuli da gemrielia.
TaTaras, ZiriTadad aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi badagiTa da xorblis
fqviliT amzadeben, felamuSs ki daduRebuli yurZnis wveniTa da simindis
fqviliT; felamuSi dasavleT saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli
tkbileulia.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom CurCxela da TaTara ara mxolod gemrieli,
aramed sasargeblocaa. orive maTgans sakmaod maRali kaloriuloba
axasiaTebs da aqedan gamomdinare, maRalia maTi, rogorc sakvebi
produqtebis, energetikuli Rirebulebac. mebrZolebi da mwyemsebi maTTan
swored am Tvisebis gamo "megobroben". maT rogorc energiis wyaros ise
moixsenieben. garda amisa igi axali wlis ganuyofeli nawilia,
warmoudgenelia axali wlis sufra, CurCxelas gareSe.

49
Rvino-keTilSobili sasmeli

antikuri xanidan moyolebuli Rvino da Rvinis produqti

ganixileboda, rogorc wamali. jer kidev hipokrate werda Rvinis
racionalur miRebaze da mis dadebiT Tvisebebze.
XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi germaneli swavluli sidengami, Rvinos, rogorc
mineraluri nivTierebebiT masazrdoebel saSualebas, sisxlnaklulobisas
dedaTa da bavSvTa samkurnalod iyenebda.
Rvino dasabamidan miaCndaT Ronisa da energiis aRmdgenad. Wamis dros
Rvinis zomieri sma adamianis organizmze dadebiTad moqmedebs. igi
awesrigebs saWmlis monelebas, aRZravs madas. igi antitoqsikuri da
baqtericiduli saSualebaa, rac imas niSnavs, rom igi spobs toqsinebs,
xolo iseTi paTogenuri mikroorganizmebi, rogoricaa nawlavis Cxirebi, ver
uZleben Rvinis zemoqmedebas.
irlandielma eqimma samuel blekma, romelic dainteresebuli iyo
gulis iSemiuri daavadebebis SeswavliT, jer kidev 1819 wels yuradReba
miaqcia erT gasaocar faqts da mis Sesaxeb pirveli komentaric gamoaqveyna.
es faqti mdgomareobda SemdgomSi: frangebs irlandielebTan SedarebiT
naklebad aReniSnebodaT gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebis riski. mecnierma am
sxvaobis mizezad frangebis gansxvavebuli cxovrebis wesCveulebebi miiCnia.
am periodidan moyolebuli mkvlevari dainteresda zemoT aRniSnuli
faqtiT, romelic sabolood msofliosaTvis “franguli paradoqsis”
saxeliT gaxda cnobili.
gamokvlevebiT dadasturebulia, rom safrangeTSi macxovrebeli xalxi,
mezobeli qveynebisa da aSS-s mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT, gul-sisxlZarRvTa
daavadebebis bevrad dabali riskiT xasiaTdeba. safrangeTSi aSS-sTan
SedarebiT gid-is (gulis iSemiuri daavadeba) sixSire 40%-iT naklebia. Tumca
frangebi 30%-iT met cxims moixmaren, vidre amerikelebi.
mecnierebma es fenomeni Semdegi mosazrebebiT axsnes: ”franguli
paradoqsis” mizezi wiTeli Rvinis intensiuri moxmareba unda yofiliyo. am
mimarTulebiT kvleva msoflios mraval qveyanaSi mimdinareobda, romelTa
ricxvSia: aSS, kanada, Cile, safrangeTi, italia, israeli, iaponia da a.S. maT
ricxvs saqarTveloc emateba, radgan dResac uamravi kvleva tardeba Rvinis
dadebiTi da samkurnalo Tvisebebis Sesaswavlad.
mecnierebi mividnen im daskvnamde, rom samedicino TvalsazrisiT
saukeTesoa wiTeli mSrali Rvinoebi, romelTa efeqtic masSi Semavali
alkoholisa da sxva aqtiuri komponentebis sumaruli moqmedebis Sedegia.
dRes ukve bevrisaTvis eWvs aRar iwvevs, rom Rvinis yoveldRiurad mcire
doziT miReba sasargebloa janmrTelobisaTvis. Queen Mary University-is
profesorma rojer korderma Tavis naSromebSi naTlad daasabuTa Rvinis
(kerZod, wiTeli Rvinis) sasargeblo Tvisebebis Sesaxeb mopovebuli
kvlevebi, aRmoaCina Rvinis damcvelobiTi moqmedebis axali meqanizmi. man
pirvelma SeZlo Rvinisa da yurZnis eqstraqtSi e.w. polifenolebis
gamoyofa. aRmoCnda, rom wiTeli Rvino polifenolebs Seicavs yvelaze didi
raodenobiT, vardisferi _ naklebs, TeTri ki – mcires. didi mniSvneloba
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eniWeba Rvinis damzadebis meTodebs, im klimatur da meteorologiur
pirobebs, romelSic mohyavT yurZeni, yurZnis simwifis xarisxs, Rvinis asaks.
swored polifenoluri naerTebi aniWeben Rvinos fersa da aromatulobas.
zemoT aRniSnuli naerTebis yvelaze maRali koncentraciiT xasiaTdeba
franguli Rvinoebi, Tumca, rogorc mecnierulma kvlevebma gviCvena, qarTul
RvinoebSic maTi raodenoba aranaklebia da SesaZloa aRemateba kidec
franguls. naerTebs (eqstraqtebs), anu polifenolebs aqvT unari daTrgunon
ujredSi im patara proteinebis an peptidebis warmoqmna, romleTac
endeoTelinebi ewodebaT da romlebic sisxlZarRvebis spazms iwveven. am
daTrgunvis xarjze xdeba sisxlZarRvebis gafarToeba, wnevis daqveiTeba da
gulze datvirTvis moxsna. amgvarad, ingliselma mecnierma miiCnia, rom
mxolod Rvinis antioqsidanturi moqmedeba (rac masSi alkoholis
SemcvelobiT aris gamowveuli) ar unda yofiliyo misi damcvelobiTi
funqciis ganmapirobebeli faqtori. aseTi sasargeblo polifenolebis
gamoyofa moxerxda wiTeli Rvinidan da wiTeli yurZnis CenCodan, Tumca
yurZnis wvens es efeqti naklebad hqonda gamoxatuli. mecnieris mier
Catarebuli gamokvlevebiT msgavsi efeqti ar gamouvlinda sxva alkoholur
sasmels.
ara naklebi samkurnalo daniSnuleba hqonda da aqvs naturalur-sufTa
Rvinos saqarTveloSi. amis Sesaxeb aRwerilia ara erT uZveles xelnawerebSi
da samkurnalo karabadinebSi. Rvino biologiuri siTxea da mdidaria
sxvadasxva nivTierebiT: masSi 10-mde saxis sxvadasxva spirtia, 15-mde mJava da
25-mde eTeri. garda amisa, Rvino Seicavs mineralur marilebs, vitaminebs,
cilebsa da mraval sxvas.
rac Seexeba ualkoholo produqcias (yurZnis wveni, CurCxela, yurZnis
Tafli da sxv.), misi sasargeblo mniSvnelobaze metyvelebs Tunda is faqti,
rom 1 Wiqa yurZnis wveni noyierebiT 1,5 Wiqa rZes utoldeba da masSi
Semaval martiv Saqrebs uSualod SeiTvisebs adamianis organizmi. amitom
urCeven SromiT gadaRlil, fizikurad sustebs, anemiis mqone adamianebs,
mSobiare qalebs yurZnis wveniT mkurnalobas.
saqarTveloSi warmoebuli TeTri yurZnisgan damzadebuli mSrali
Rvino Seicavs didi raodenobiT vitaminebs, eqstraqts, kaliums, glicerins,
tanins, mJavebs da sxva, rac zrdis organizmis potencials da mravalwliani
dakvirvebiT dadgenilia misi samkurnalo Tvisebebi hipertoniuli
daavadebebis dros. wiTeli Rvino gamoiyeneba agreTve organizmidan
radiaciuli nivTierebis, kerZod stronciumis gamosadevnad.
kaxuri tipis wiTel Rvinoebs aqvT uaRresad didi (saukeTeso) Tvisebebi
antiaTerosklerozuli da simsivnis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebis
TvalsazrisiT. mkvlevarTa, medikosTa da mecnierTa azriT am mxriv
Rvino unikaluri produqtia. igi biologiurad aqtiur da
sicocxlisaTvis mniSvnelovan nivTierebas Seicavs, masSi daaxloebiT 800-mde
meti organuli naerTia aRnusxuli.
rac Seexeba TeTr Rvinoebs, gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs kaxuri
tipis TeTri Rvinoebic, romlebic fenoluri naerTebis raodenobiT da
antioqsidanturi TvisebebiT wiTel Rvinoebs ar Camouvardebian. s.
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durmiSiZis saxelobis bioqimiisa da bioteqnologiis institutSi
Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Sedegad dadginda, rom kaxuri teqnologiis
mixedviT Rvinis dayeneba gansakuTrebiT amdidrebs Rvinos fenoluri
naerTebiT.
qarTveli kaci Rvinos odiTganve sulisa da sxulisTvis margebel
sasmelad aRiqvamda da sxva mravali daniSnulebis garda sisxlnaklulobis,
sisustis da umadobis wamladac iyenebda. yanaSi wasuli glexi, samwyesad
wasuli mesaqonle Tu samuSaod wasuli ostati mZime Sromas RviniT
imsubuqebdnen. davargebul Rvinos asmevdnen meZuZur qalebs da mcire
dozebiT Cvil bavSvebsac. bavSvebs ufro xSirad, wyalSi ganzavebul Rvinos
asmevdnen, romelsac wyalRvinos eZaxdnen. SeZlebuli xalxi axalSobils
RvinoSi ganbanda. bavSvis gasabani wylis wiTeli RviniT Sefervis tradicia
dRemdea SemorCenili. Rvinos, rogorc janmrTelobisTvis aucilebel
produqts, Zvel saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Camden
patimarsac ki garkveuli doziT aZlevdnen.
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom amJamad RviniT mkurnaloba warmatebulad
gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva qveyanaSi: aSS-Si, safrangeTSi, italiaSi da sxva,
sadac igi enoTerapiis saxeliTaa cnobili.
enoTerapias, anu RviniT mkurnalobis Tematikas didi adgili ukavia
qarTul samedicino Sinaarsis xelnawerebSic, magaliTad, zaza fanaskertel-
ciciSvilis samkurnalo wign-karabadinSi. saintereso cnobebia me-13 saukunis
samedicino krebulSi `wigni saaqimo`, sadac xSirad gvxvdeba frazebi:
`RviniT Seizilos`, `Rvinoi wyalsa gaurios`, `orTqli Rvinisai`, `pursa
RviniTa dambalsa sWamdes`.
miuxedavad amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Rvinis gadaWarbebuli
moxmareba zians ayenebs adamians da mis organizms.

vazi da Rvino- mzis sicili

qarTveli kacisaTvis, Rvino, sulieri sazrdo da ojaxis Zlierebis

maniSnebeli iyo, Tumca mravali xelovanisTvis igi STagonebis wyaro iyo.
uamravi qarTuli nawarmoebia Seqmnili prozisa da poeziis saxiT vazsa da
Rvinoze, gadaRebulia dokumenturi da mxatvruli filmebi.
vazsa da Rvinos eZRvneba sxvadasxva xalxuri gamonaTqvamebi, leqsebi,
andazebi, Saradebi. mravali mxatvris STagonebis wyarodac qceula igi.
magaliTad: niko firosmanis namuSevrebSi rTveli, yurZnis krefa, kaxeTis
matarebeli, sami Tavadis qeifi, kargad Cans im droindeli damokidebuleba
vazisa da Rvinis mimarT, aseve elene axvledianis tiloze: gzaze, da kidev
sxva mravali namuSevaria, romelic qarTuli sufris tradiciaze, vazze da
Rvinoze mogviTxrobs.
vazisadmi gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebaa gamoxatuli kinofilm
“jariskacis mama”-Si. „Rvinis qurdeb“-Si da konstantine gamsaxurdias
brwyinvale romanSi "vazis yvaviloba", xolo XII saukuneSi Seqmnili
sagalobeli "Sen xar venaxi" qarTveli kacis sulierebis ubrwyinvales
saganZurs warmoadgens.
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 SoTa niSnianiZe werda _ qarTveli poetebi vazSi met simboloebs
gamoarCeven, vidre lxinia da dovlaTi. vazisa da Rvinis kulti
gacnobierebulia, rogorc Tavisufali nebiT nebismier CarCoebTan
Seugueblobis mebrZoli da daumorCilebeli sulis cneba. amgvari gageba
aisaxa poetur azrovnebaSic da hpova kidec Tavisi saxotbo forma. qarTul
poeziaSi mas odebi eZRvneba. igi iqca ara marto SemoqmedTa Temad, aramed
TviT SemoqmedTac gautolda. vazia Cveni biblia da Cveni anbanic, qarTvelma
kacma galobac ki vazs miamgvana. diax, vazia lxinis RmerTi, lxinis ufali,
Wirnaxulis Tu Wir-varamis Wirisufali.

nodar dumbaZe ki vazs samSoblos adareba:

-...iqneb vazia samSoblo? aba daakvirdiT, Tu dablaria,

daCoqilma unda dakrifo, Tu maRlaria – caSi xelapyrobilma, orTave
saocrad hgavs locvas, locva ki ise arafers ar uxdeba, rogorc
samSoblos. .
Znelia CamoTvalo, TiToeuli mwerali Tu poeti, romelic vazSi da
RvinoSi, sxva samyaros Tu siyvaruls xedavda. am CanawerebiT kargad Cans Tu
raoden Zvirfasi iyo odiTganve qarTveli kacisTvis vazi da Rvino.

-...Sen siyvaruli gqvia, Wirnaxuli gqvia, Semodgomis siuxveSi afeTqebuli

mtevnis sikeTe gqvia.
Sen sinaTlis Rero xar, Cveni locva-kurTxeva, saTno, Zlieri da Seupovari,
rogorc siyvaruli – nazi, mamaci da gonieri – rogorc sibrZne...
... “patiosan da wminda ars saxeli Seni, sanatrelo!” vazi gqvia Sen!
sixaruli cisa da miwisa... Sen xar Sveba da molxena Cveni...
“Sen xar venaxi axlad ayvavebuli, morCi keTili, edemSi danerguli... da
TaviT TvisiT mze xar gabrwyinebuli! ”
oda vazisa

* * *
_ mkerdaTqvirebul vazebze Tu mkrefavTa xelSi, sawnaxelebsa Tu foladis
sawurav xvimirebSi oqros mtevnebi nakvercxlebiviT Ruian. Zoweulis
marcvlebSi mzis Tvali brwyinavs, mze icinis da roca margalitebis am
saocnebo samefos adevneb Tvals, ar SeiZleba aRtacebiT ar wamoiZaxo: -
dedao miwav, Sens mkerdze aRzrdil sxva romel xilSi, romel nayofSi
icinis mze ase xmamaRla, ase mefurad! da me, uzenaesma rom neba momces, Cveni
planetis yvela qveyanaSi, yvela enaze yurZens mxolod erT saxels _ "mzis
sicils" Sevarqmevdi.
g. bogveliSvili

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