1/2/2019

‫عات‬

Sharif University of
Technology

Biomechanics
Electromyography Signal

SKELETAL SYSTEM MUSCULAR SYSTEM

 Provide Stability
 Movements
 Gross
 Fine

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APPLICATIONS BENEFITS

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MOTOR UNIT PHYSIOLOGY

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SOURCE OF EMG SIGNAL DELAY TIME

 In resting muscle: (–80mV) cell membrane

 When the nerve activates the fibers:

(+30mV) for about 2ms

 This impulse, the action potential, travels  If the distance is 10mm and the conduction
along the length of the fiber at a speed of velocity is 4m/s then this will be ….. ms.
2-6m/s
 This is about the same time as the width of
the spike in the action potential and hence
of the spikes in the EMG signal.
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AMPLITUDE SIGNAL MAGNITUDE

-80 mV +30 mV
 Skin and Fat Impedance
 Deep or Super facial muscles
110 mV  Electrode Distance

Reduced by 75% at the

first 100 Micrometer

A typical peak-to-peak signal at the skin

surface might be 5000 MicroV (5mV) 11 12

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SIGNAL MAGNITUDE FREQUENCY RANGE

 Summation of different action potential

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ELECTROMYOGRAM ELECTRODE PLACEMENT

 Ag/ AgCl Lead
 Dgel = 10mm (Greater increases the cross talk risk)
 SENIAM (surface EMG for non-invasive
assessment of muscles)

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SKIN PREPARATION AMPLITUDE NORMALIZATION

 Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC)
 Remove hair  Kendal et al., 2004
 Use a very fine sand paper

 Avoid bleeding

 Clean with alcohol

 Humid conditions or sweaty skin types

 Measure the impedance (1-5 KΩ very good)

(+30 KΩ unacceptable )

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RELATION BETWEEN FORCE AND EMG AMP EMG VS FORCE

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DATA ACQUISITION DATA ACQUISITION

 Amplifier  Sample rate
 Electrode/Amplifier Connector  AD Convertor
 CMRR > 85 dB

 A/D 14 bit resolution

 Transmitter

 Low length wire (to avoid electromagnetic noise)

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SIGNAL PROCESSING EFFECT OF CUT-OFF FREQUENCY

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FOURIER TRANSFORM FATIGUE

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REMOVE ECG SIGNAL PROCESSING

 Moving Average
 Window size

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ANALYSIS-AMPLITUDE INDEX ACTIVE CONTRACTION

 IEMG  Flexion relaxation phenomenon
 Mean EMG Amplitude  EMG measure only active force
 Peak Amplitude and Peak Time

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ANALYSIS- ONSET DETECTION ONSET OF MUSCLES DURING GAIT

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INTERPRETATION OF MUSCLE PATTERN PHASIC TIME NORMALIZATION

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SYMMETRY ANALYSIS ENERGY EXPENDITURE

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INTRAMUSCULAR ELECTRODE NERVOUS SYSTEM

 EMG NCV (nerve conduction velocity)

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NEEDLE EMG EMG NCV

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NCV

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MOTOR AND SENSORY MAP BEATING MUSCLE SOUND

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