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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS

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AISC DG02 Example 003

COMPOSITE BEAM WITH UNREINFORCED OPENING

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
Simply supported composite beams form the floor system of an office building.
The 36-ft beams are spaced 8 ft apart and support uniform loads of wd =
0.608 kip/ft and wl = 0.800 kip/ft. The slab has a total thickness of 4 in. and will
be placed on metal decking. The deck has 2 in. ribs on 12 in. centers transverse to
the steel beam. An A36 W21x44 steel section and normal weight concrete (wc =
145 pcf and f c  3 ksi. ) will be used. The beam will be shored during construction.
Can an unreinforced 11x22 in. opening be placed at the quarter point of the span?

OPENING GEOMETRY

AISC DG02 Example 003 - 1

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TECHNICAL FEATURES OF ETABS TESTED

Composite beam web openings.

RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results in this table are taken from the hand calculations presented
below. These calculations parallel and at times refine the calculations presented
in Example 3 from “Design Guide 2: Steel and Composite Beams with Web
Openings”, Design Guide Series Number 2, AISC 1990.

Percent
Output Parameter ETABS Independent
Difference

Required Strength Mu (kip-ft) 244.1 244.2 0.04%

Required Strength Vu (kips) 18.1 18.1 0.00%

Shear Stud Capacity Qn (kips) 21.04 21.04 0.00%

Pc (kips) 189.4 189.4 0.00%

Bending Capacity Mm (k-ft) 288.0 288.0 0.00%

Vm bottom (kips) 13.7 13.7 0.00%

Pch (kips) 164.7 164.7 0.00%

Pcl (kips) 143.7 143.7 0.00%

Vm top(kips) 22.7 22.7 0.00%

Shear CapacityVm (kips) 30.9 30.9 0.00%

Interaction Ratio 0.932 0.932 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: AISC DG02 EXAMPLE 003.EDB

CONCLUSION
The ETABS results show an excellent comparison with the independent results.

AISC DG02 Example 003 - 2

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HAND CALCULATION

Properties:
Materials:
ASTM A36 Grade 36 Steel
E = 29,000 ksi, Fy = 36 ksi, wsteel = 490 pcf
3000 psi normal weight concrete
Ec = 3,024 ksi, f c  3 ksi, wconcrete = 145 pcf
Section:
W21x44, as defined in the Design Guide example and in the AISC LRFD
Manual 2nd Edition:
d = 20.66 in, bf = 6.5 in, tf = 0.45 in, tw = 0.35 in
As = 13 in2, Z = 95.4 in3
Because newer AISC manuals list the depth of a W21x44 as 20.7 in, the ETABS
section definition is retrieved from the ETABS legacy section property tables.
Deck:
tc = 2 in., hr = 2 in., sr =12 in., wr = 6 in.
Shear Studs:

d = ¾ in, h =3 ½ in, Qn  0.5 Asc f c' Ec  0.5 • 0.442 3 • 3024  21.04 kips

Required Shear and Bending Strengths at Web Opening:

Loading:
wu  1.2wd  1.6wl  1.2 • 0.608  1.6 • 0.800  2.01kip/ft
Required shear and bending strengths at opening:
wu L 2.01 • 36
Vu    18.1kips
4 4
3wu L2 3 • 2.01 • 362
Mu    244.2 kip-ft
32 32

AISC DG02 Example 003 - 3

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Proportioning Guidelines:
Opening Proportions:
a0
23
h0
Opening parameter:
a0 6h0 22 6 • 11
p0      2  6 • 0.53  5.18  6
h0 d 11 20.66
Compression tee depth:
st 0.5 • (20.66  11) 4.83
   0.234  0.15
d 20.66 20.66
Tee dimensions:
a0 22
b t    4.55  12
st 4.83

Maximum Moment Capacity of Beam at Web Opening:

Compression Force in the Concrete:
Pc  0.85 f c'beff tc  0.85 • 3 • 96 • 2  489 kips

Pc  NQn  9 • 21.04  189.4 kips controls

Asn  As  h0tw  13  11 • 0.35  9.15in 2

Pc  Fy Asn  36 • 9.15  329.4 kips

Available Flexural Strength:

Depth of compression block within concrete slab:
Pc 189.4
a   0.77 in.
0.85 • beff • f 'c 0.85 • 96 • 3
a 0.77
d t h   22  3.61 in.
1 c r 2 2

AISC DG02 Example 003 - 4

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Compressive force in steel section:

Fy Asn  Pc 329.4  189.4
Csteel    70 kips
2 2
Steel section flange ultimate compressive force:
C flange  b f • t f • Fy  6.5 • 0.45 • 36  105.3 kips

The plastic neutral axis is within the top flange. The depth of the compression force
in the steel section is equal to:
Csteel 70
x •tf  • 0.45  0.3in.
C flange 105.3
Distance d2 from the centroid of the compression force in the steel section to the top
of the steel section:
x 0.3
d2    0.15in.
2 2
Maximal nominal flexural capacity of composite beam at opening location:
M n    Pc (d1  d 2 )  Fy Asn (d 3  d 2 )  Fy (h o tw  2 Awr )e  
 20.66 
 0.85 189.4 • (3.61  0.15)  36 • 9.15 • (  0.15)  0
 2 
 3, 456 kip-in = 288.0 kip-ft

Maximum Shear Capacity at Web Opening:

Plastic Capacity of Bottom and Top Tees:
Fy tw s 36 • 0.35 • 4.83
Vp bottom  Vp top    35.1kips
3 3
Shear Capacity of the Bottom Tee:
  0 given that the bottom tee is not composite and is not reinforced

6 6
Vm bottom  Vp bottom  • 35.1  13.7 kips
 3 4.55  3

AISC DG02 Example 003 - 5

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Shear Capacity of the Top Tee:

Asn 9.15
Ast    4.58in 2
2 2
Force in the concrete at the high moment end of the opening:
Pch  0.85 f c'beff tc  0.85 • 3 • 96 • 2  489 kips

Pch  NQn  9 • 21.04  189.4 kips

Pch  Fy Ast  36 • 4.58  164.7 kips controls

Force in the concrete at the low moment end of the opening:

Pcl =Pcl -N0Qn  164.7  1 • 21.0  143.7 kips
Distances from top of steel section to centroids of concrete forces at the high and low
moment ends of the opening:
Pch 143.7
d h  tc  hr   2.0  2.0   3.66in.
'
1.7 f c beff 1.7 • 3 • 96

Pcl 143.7
d l  hr   2.0   2.29in.
'
1.7 f c beff 1.7 • 3 • 96

 ratio:
2 Pr d r  Pch d h  Pcl d l 0  164.7 • 3.66  143.7 • 2.29
   1.614
Vp st 35.1 • 4.83
Shear capacity:
6 6  1.614
Vmt top  Vpt  35.1  22.7 kips
 3 4.55  3
Total Shear Capacity:
Vm  Vmbottom  Vmtop  13.7  22.7  36.4 kips

Vm  0.85 • 36.4  30.94 kips

AISC DG02 Example 003 - 6

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Interaction Equation:
1/3
  V 3  M 3 
1/3
 18.1 3  244.1 3  1/3
 u         0.5853  0.845   0.932
3

   
u

 Vm   M m    30.94   288    

AISC DG02 Example 003 - 7