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Systems Engineering for Commercial Aircraft: A Domain-specific Adaptation,

Second Edition

Book · January 2015

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Systems Engineering for Commercial Aircraft:
A Domain-Specific Adaptation (2nd Edition)

This book is an elaboration of the 1997 book of the same name. The 2015 book can be ordered
from Ashgate from the following site:

http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781472439215

The table of contents is as follows:

Contents

Acknowledgements

Figures and tables

Preface

1 Introduction
1.1 Definition of a system

1.2 Definition of systems engineering

1.3 Historical background

1.4 Overview of this book

1.5 Roadmap for applying systems engineering to commercial aircraft

1.6 Summary of themes

2 Commercial aircraft

2.1 The commercial aircraft industry

2.2 Levels of SE application

2.3 Aircraft architecture

2.4 Advanced technologies on aircraft

2.5 Aircraft manufacturing processes

2.6 Trends in commercial aviation

3 Functional analysis

3.1 The SE life-cycle functions

3.2 Aircraft system level functions

3.3 Aircraft level functions

3.4 Functional aspects of safety

3.5 The cluster model

3.6 The swim lane model

4 Requirements and needs

4.1 Requirements definition

4.2 Requirements types

4.3 Requirements development

4.4 Requirements sources

4.5 Requirements allocation to system elements

4.6 Derived requirements

4.7 The principle of top-down allocation

4.8 Requirements trade-offs

4.9 Requirements categories for certification

4.10 Requirements validation

4.11 Avoiding requirement creep

5 Constraints and specialty requirements

5.1 Regulatory requirements

5.2 Mass properties

5.3 Dimensions

5.4 Reliability

5.5 Human factors

5.6 Environments

5.7 Maintainability

5.8 Design standards

5.9 Emitted noise

5.10 Emitted electromagnetic interference (EMI)

5.11 Cost

5.12 Transportability

5.13 Flexibility and expansion

5.14 Producibility

6 Interfaces

6.1 Functional interfaces

6.2 Physical interfaces

6.3 External interfaces

6.4 Internal interfaces

6.5 Operational interfaces

6.6 Interface management

6.7 The interface control drawing (ICD)

6.8 Development fixtures (DFs)

6.9 The N2 diagram

6.10 Interface requirements

6.11 Interface verification

7 Synthesis

7.1 Aircraft architecture

7.2 Initial concept

7.3 Trade-off studies

7.4 Quality function deployment (QFD)

7.5 Safety features

7.6 Introduction of new technologies

7.7 Preliminary design

8 Top-level Synthesis

8.1 The aircraft system

8.2 Top-level aircraft sizing

8.3 Other top-level requirements

8.4 System architecture

8.5 Top-level constraints

8.6 Economic constraints

8.7 Top-level trade-offs

9 Subsystem Synthesis

9.1 Environmental segment

9.2 Avionics segment

9.3 Electrical segment

9.4 Interiors segment

9.5 Mechanical segment

9.6 Propulsion segment

9.7 Auxiliary segment (ATA 49)

9.8 Airframe segment

9.9 Allocation to software

9.10 Subsystem constraints

10 Certification, Safety, and Software

10.1 Certification

10.2 Safety

10.3 Software development and certification

10.4 Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST)

10.5 Failure rate history

11Verification and Validation

11.1 The verification matrix

11.2 Traditional SE verification

11.3 Verification of regulatory requirements

11.4 Verification of customer requirements

11.5 Verification sequence

11.6 System validation

11.7 Qualification

12 Systems engineering management and control

12.1 Management Responsibilities

12.2 The Chief Systems Engineer

12.3 Integrated product development (IPD)

12.4 Design reviews

12.5 Documentation

12.6 Automated requirements tools

12.7 Technical performance measurement (TPM)

12.8 Software management

12.9 Supplier management

12.10 Configuration management

12.11 Integration planning

13 Adapting Systems Engineering to the Commercial Aircraft Domain

13.1 Adapting the process

13.2 Adapting the process to the existing organization

14Large-Scale System Integration

14.1 The system of systems view

14.2 Outsourcing

14.3 Complexity and how it increases risks

14.4 Managing the risks of a large-scale system

14.5 Other large-scale system principles to apply to commercial aircraft

14.6 Summary

15Risk Management

15.1 Overview of risk management

15.2 Types of consequences

15.3 Root causes of risks

15.4 Risk mitigation steps

15.5 Issues

15.6 Independent review

15.7 The risk management process

15.8 Risk management tools

15.9 Opportunities

15.10 Challenges for risk management

16 Resilience of the Aircraft System

16.1 The history of resilience

16.2 The definition of resilience

16.3 Is resilience measureable?

16.4 Design rules and example solutions

16.5 Other rules

16.6 A final word on interdependency

Final comments

Appendix 1The mathematics of reliability allocation

A1.1 Basic reliability

A1.2 Allocation for generically similar components

A1.3 Allocation for generically different components

A1.4 Redundancy

A1.5 The whole airplane

Appendix 2 Example supplier specification outline

A1.0 Scope

A2.0 Applicable documents

A3.0 Requirements

A3.1 Functional and performance requirements

A3.2 Interface requirements

A3.3 Design and construction

A3.4 Documentation
 A3.5 Precedence of requirements

A3.6 Major component characteristics

A4.0 Verification

A5.0 Preparation for delivery

A6.0 Notes

A10.0 Appendices

Appendix 3 Systems engineering automated tools

A3.1 Features of automated SE tools

A3.2 Benefits of automated SE tools

Bibliography

Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols

Glossary

Index

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