IMPACT OF SOLAR ENERGY IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING NATIONS

Sun is the major source of energy in respect to solar energy. Solar energy is the process of thermonuclear
fission in the sun’s core. Solar energy can be trapped directly from the sun and be used as a source of
energy in humanity [1]. Solar energy possesses the potential to adequately fulfill the energy demands
of the entire world if technologies for its harvesting and supplying are ready, also it is considered to be
one of the key solution in fulfilling a worldwide increasing demands of energy (Kabir et al, 2018). All
around the world today many industries around the globe rely mostly on non-renewable energy such as
oil, gas, coal and uranium which are very small in containment, and therefore will become scarce in the
future. If this resources re to be finished in the future, where shall energy be found? The sun as a result.
(Howell et al, 1982, p.3). Hsieh (1986) states that it is the right of the people on this planet to develop
and use the natural resources on it. Out of all the energy the Earth uses the oldest and the most reliable
one is the solar energy itself and there’s nothing new about it.

Energy is the key to industrial development for the promotion of economic and social well-being of the
growing population. The growth of world population increases with the rising material standard of
living and also increase the consumption energy as well (Hsieh, 1986, p.2). People have been using
solar energy for thousands of years since. Solar energy is a separate, viable source that will help reduce
the usage of other forms energy (coal, oil, gas, etc.) it will also ease fears about the unstoppable and
increasing usage of hydrocarbon fuels, especially coal and oil which may result in environmental
problems which in turn will affect the humanity itself (MacKINNON, 1981, p.4). Another major thing
that will come to pass with regard to solar research with the current drive toward reducing global carbon
emissions which has been a major global environmental, social and economic issue (Kabir et al, 2018).
In carrying out the research Hallacy (1962, p.95) states that the ability to calculate information allows
building designers to study shading effect and engineers to determine how the performance of a solar
heating system changes throughout a day or a seasons. By the usage of “local solar time table” it will
help in determining where and when the ray coil from the sun be better in order to install solar plant
(Fisk, Anderson, 1982, p.23). In as much as the solar radiation on Earth is the function of the geometry
of the receiving surface relative to the sun, it is much more reliable to notice several geometric angles
showing the sun-earth’s surface relation. In solar radiation calculation, “solar time” must be used to
express the time of day. Solar time is based on the apparent angular motion of the sun across the sky.
The time when the sun crosses the meridian of the observer is the local solar noon. The standard clock
time is reckoned from a selected meridian near the center of a time zone (Hsieh, 1986, p.18). Hallacy
(1962, p.97) also again states also that referring to formulas and equation helps in developing and
solving specific problems involve in the research and also to come up with some new formula using the
old ones. It is desirable to make a solar collector with a high absorption capacity for solar radiation but
low emittance for infrared radiation (low heat loss). This types of surface obeys Kirchhoff’s Law
because having a high absorptance and emittance for longer wavelength infrared radiation (Hallacy,
1962, p.96).
The sun beams vast quantities of light to us. In this light there are tiny particles of energy, “bullet-like”
photons which exile the molecules of matter when they strike. This result in heat, the basic form of
power (Hallacy, 1962, p.93). Howell (1982) make mention that solar energy is more reliable and has
the potential towards the fulfillment of energy demands the world is facing now a days if technologies
for its harvesting and supplying were readily available. Another major prospect with regards with solar
research is associated with the current drive toward reducing global carbon emission, which has been a
major global environmental, social and economic issue in the past years (Fisk, Anderson, 1982, p.4).
Solar energy is one of the best options to meet future energy demand since it is superior in terms of
availability, cost effectiveness, accessibility, capacity and efficiency compared to other renewable
energy sources [2]. In solar thermal technology, solar energy is harnessed into thermal energy for
domestic and/or commercial applications such as drying, heating, cooking, etc. [3]. However, on the

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industrial scale, concentrated solar thermal (CST) technologies are used to fulfill such heating
requirements while concentrated solar power (CSP) are employed to generate electricity [4]. The latter
involves the use of high magnification mirrors to traps energy from the sun as solar energy and to
convert it into heat energy to power a steam turbine (Kabir et al, 2018).

To conclude, while conservation measures are applicable to the saving of energy in all industrial
situations, the conversions of all or part of process of energy supply to solar energy as a much more
limited scope at present in terms of strict economic justification (Cornish, 1981). Solar energy
technologies have been well established and has become popular energy-technology throughout the
world and many countries today have installed and are installing solar power plant to be used as one of
the source in producing electricity. Accordingly that despite a few drawbacks that solar energy is one
of the most promising renewable energy sources to meet the energy demand of the whole world (Kabir
et al, 2018). In so far as solar energy conversion is concerned, the source is infinite and the process is
pollution-free, and the technology is established. The only problem that remains is how to tap and to
store this energy economically to promote and enable the usage all around (Hsieh, 1986, p.5).
The technology of solar heating of space and hot water is well developed and can readily be applied to
displace the conventional fuel usage. Large scale electricity generation from solar energy is also with
the reach of modern solar technology (Hsieh, 1986, p.5). Solar provides a surprisingly good match even
in today’s energy rich society, the collection and conversion efficiency would reduce the amount of
energy available from solar, but it is clear that based on land area [5] alone solar can potentially supply
a significant fraction of energy used on earth (Howell et al, 1982, p.7). Hallacy stressed that Improving
the competitiveness of solar energy against both conventional and other renewable energy sources helps
putting up effort toward Photovoltaic (PV) technologies in the future by enhancing their efficiency,
stability, manufacturability and availability to reduce balance-of-system (BOS) costs and reduce the
cost of modules.

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REFERENCES LIST

 Hallacy, D.S (1962) POWER FROM THE SUN, Great Britain, Norwich.
Note: Does not have other edition(s)
Note: Documentary for the Solar Invention
 Jui Sheng Hsieh (1986) SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING, USA, New Jersey, PRENTICE-
HALL.
Note: Does not have other edition(s)
 John R. Howell, Richard B. Bannerot, Gary E. Vliet (1982), SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY
SYSTEM (Analysis and Design), USA, University of Texas.
Note: Does not have other edition(s)
 Merian. J. Fisk, H.C. William Anderson (1982), INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY, USA, Canada, Solar Research and Engineering Corp.
Note: No edition
 International Solar Energy Society (1980), Industrial use of Solar Energy, University of
Western Australia, One day Conference and Workshop.
Note: It is a one day Conference
 Eshanul Kabir, Pawan Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Adedeji A. Adelodun, Ki-Hyun Kim (2018),
SOLAR ENERGY: Potential and Future Prospects, retrieved from Wikipedia, SOLAR
POWER.
Note: Article obtain from Wikipedia (https://www.wikipedia.net/search/solar_energy)

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APENDICES:

[1]. Uses sun as the main source

[2]. Comparison done according to cost

[3]. Applicable in household activities

[4]. Can be used to produce electricity

[5]. Perfect geographical area

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 PAPUA NEW GUINEA
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
EN111: ENGINEERING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABILITY
ASSIGNMENT #1: SHORT ESSAY

NAME: OMENEFA EKA

ID#: 20300498

TUTORIAL GROUP: GROUP ”A”

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT

TUTOR: Mr. N. Jesse DUE DATE: 20/03/2020

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