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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CASE STUDY 2

Course : DUW 10022: Occupational Safety Date : 19th Oct

And Health For Engineering 2020

Topic : Fire Safety Duration : 2 hour

SubTopic : CLO : 2
Class No.of student :4
: DKA 1E
Name of Student :
1. FITRI IRFAN BIN ZALANI ANUAR - 01DKA20F1107
2. MUHAMMAD NABIL BIN MUHAMMAD NAZRI - 01DKA20F1109
3. MEOR HAFIZ DANIEL BIN MEOR KAMAL- 01DKA20F1118
4. MUHAMMAD BIN HANIF - 01DKA20F1125

INSTRUCTION:

1. Display a role play presentation based on topic and creativity.(P4)

SUB TOPIC GROUP

i. Understandemergency
- Recognize anemergency
1
- Classify types of emergency

ii. Understand emergency management

- Discuss the basic element of Emergency Preparedness and Response
2
(EPR)

iii. Understand the basic offire

- Show the concept of firetriangle
3
- List the classes offire

iv. Understand the emergency and fire safetyplanning

- Discuss emergency planning strategy and firesafety.
4
- Discuss the fire safetyplan.

v. Understand the emergency and fire safety planning(cont’d)

- Identify fire control method
5
- Identify the fire protection method and equipment.

vi. Demonstrate the proper safety methods of deploying portable fire equipment.
6

vii. Demonstrate an escaperoute

- For an emergency evacuationplan
7
- Assemblypoint

2. Prepare a Case Study Report on the above topics given according to your group.
3. Present your Case Study in the class ( not exceeding 10minutes.

Introduction
Fire safety planning is very important in the field of fire fighting and fire prevention. The purpose of fire
safety planning is to eliminate injuries. There are many different forms of safety. There are also safety
programs for firefighters. The main goals of the safety program consist of preventing damage or loss of
equipment, preventing human suffering, casualties, injuries, and exposures to hazardous atmospheres and
transmittable diseases.

Fire control method

Four elements must be present in order for fire to exist. These elements are HEAT, FUEL, OXYGEN and
CHAIN REACTION. While not everything is known about the combustion process, it is generally accepted
that fire is a chemical reaction. This reaction is dependent upon a material rapidly oxidizing, or uniting with
oxygen so rapidly
that it produces heat and flame. Until the advent of newer fire extinguishing agents, fire was thought of as a
triangle with the three sides represented by heat, fuel, and oxygen. If any one of the three sides were to be
taken away, the fire would cease to exist. Studies of modern fire extinguishing agents have revealed a fourth
element - a self propagating chain reaction in the combustion process. As a result, the basic elements of fire
are represented by the fire tetrahedron - HEAT, FUEL, OXYGEN and CHAIN REACTION. The theory of
fire extinguishment is based on removing any one or more of the four elements in the fire tetrahedron to
suppress the fire.

1. Removing the heat

In order to remove the heat, something must be applied to the fire to absorb the heat or act as a heat
exchanger. Water is not the only agent used to accomplish this, but it is the most common. A more detailed
discussion of how to apply water on a fire and some theories regarding its use as an extinguishing agent will
be covered in a later section.

2. Removing the fuel

Under many circumstances, it is not practical to attempt to remove the fuel from the fire. When dealing with
flammable liquid fires, valves can be shut off and storage vessels pumped to safe areas to help eliminate the
supply of fuel to the fire. Flammable gas fires are completely extinguished by shutting off the fuel supply.

3. Removing the oxygen

Oxygen as it exists in our atmosphere (21%) is sufficient to support combustion in most fire situations.
Removal of the air or oxygen can be accomplished by separating it from the fuel source or by displacing it
with an inert gas. Examples of separation would be foam on a flammable liquid fire, a wet blanket on a trash
fire, or a tight fitting lid on a skillet fire. Agents such as CO2, nitrogen, and steam are often used to displace
the oxygen.

4. Interrupt the chain reaction.

Modern extinguishing agents, such as dry chemical and halons, have proven to be effective on various fires
even though these agents do not remove heat, fuel, or oxygen. Dry chemical and halogenated agents are
thought to suspend or bond with “free radicals” that are created in the combustion process and thus prevent
them from
Fire Protection Method

Fire protection within a facility relies on system components to detect and prevent fires and mitigate their
consequences. Licensed and reputable life safety providers install the proper devices to make sure the
building is in the best possible position to fight a blaze should a fire break out.

Monitored fire alarm systems signal the alarm monitoring center in the event of fire and provide early
detection for quick action. Fire suppression devices, such as sprinkle sysrtems and extinguishers, stop the
spread of fire.

A full - fledged fire protection systems includes:

 Fire suppression sprinkle systems (wet, dry,preaction, deluge, antifreeze, and fire pumps)
 Special hazard fire suppression systems (foam, low and high pressure CO2, as well as clean agent
systems)
 Fire alarm detection system (control panel, flame detectors ,heat detectors, smoke detectors, carbon
monoxide detectors)
 Mass notification ( notification appliances, pull stations)
 Fire extinguisher, fire hyrants and backflows
 Fire alarm monitoring
 Integrated security , access control and video surveillance systems for appropriate actions from each
systems

Fire protection equipment

1. Fire Extinguishers

 should be inspected once a month and more often in higher-risk environments. This involves
ensuring the units are not blocked, pressure is at the recommended level, and no dents or chemical
deposits are visible.
 units need to be maintained, inspected and retagged on annual basic. A licensed fire protection
provider also will make sure you have the right type of extinguisher for the most likely fire hazard.

2. Exits Signs and Emergency Lights

 all occupied building must have exit sign that are brightly lit and visiblr from all directions. Sign may
be externally or internally illuminated. In the event of a total power loss, emergency lighting
effective guides building occupants to the nearest exit.
3. Alarm Systems

 an important step for fire safety involves early detection and warning to building occupants before
the situation becomes critical. When smoke, heat, or fire is detection, alarm systems send a
corresponding notification to a central dispathing station or nearby fire department to dispatch the
five responders. These system simultaneously trigger visual cues such as sound effect and flashing
light to help signal a fire to building occupants.

4. Sprinkle Systems

 automatic sprinkle systems can be crictical to saving lives during a fire. They protect building on a
24 - hour basic, reduce the spread of flames and limit property damage. The water flow was set to a
normal value used in the building design. Inspections and maintenance guarantee that water supply is
operable, sprinklers are free from water supply is operable, sprinklers are free from obstructions, and
system are fully functions.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, fire in workplaces should be avoided at all times because besides the damage of property and
loss of lives, there are people whose career might be ruined by such incidences. Similarly, fire causes
organizations to fall back as they struggle to recover the losses incurred. In case a business premise catches
fire, the employees should open all windows and doors before they vacate the building. Any equipment that
is on should be switched off because if it explodes, it will only escalate the fire. Over time, an increased
understanding of the many factors that contribute to the risk of fire has led to positive developments in the
fire protection of commercial structures. Improvements in public fire protection systems and services, as
well as increased use of private active or passive systems through fire-protection and loss-control
engineering, has meant an overall decrease in the cost of fire. Preventing fire losses has always been more
important to the insured than to the insurer.