The plant efficiency is defined as:

Net +ve work Output

η plant =
Gross Heat Iput

2η
× N ×Torque
Hence η 60
plant =
( ṁf × Cal .Value ) +(superheater power)
Specific gravity of fuel = 0.87

Gross calorific value of fuel

Q̇gr = 45.5 [MJ/kg]

Combustion of fuel in the boiler is complete i.e. combustion efficiency is 100%

Q̇su = ṁs (h4 – h3) [kW]

(i.e. steady flow energy equation applied to superheater)

3.11 ∆ P
ṁs =
3600 v √kg / hr (determined in accordance with BS 1042)

where v = Specific volume of steam at orifice inlet, m 3/kg ( Use steam tables, see Ref.1, at
orifice pressure/ temperature to get v)

the superheater efficiency from its defining equation

Q̇ su
η su=
E elec

Determining isentropic efficiency from its defining equation:

Actual expansion∆ h
ηisent = ×100 %
Reversible adiabatic expansion ∆ h

h6 ×h7
ηisent = × 100 %
h6 × h7 s

Using the pressure and temperature information the enthalpy values can be taken from the
steam tables (ref.1) or chart (ref.2) using the normal procedures and the linear interpolation.
 actual heat transferred
The effectiveness ⃰ ε = ×100 %
maximum possible heat transfer

(h ¿ ¿7−h 8)
=Effectiveness ε =ṁ s × 100 % ¿
ṁ CW ×C PW ×(T 7−T 9)

Where ṁCW = cooling water mass flow rate [kg/s] (measured)

ṁs = mass flowrate of steam. [kg/s]

C PW = specific heat capacity of cooling water

(Assume to be 4.182 [kJ/(kg-K)])

(h7 and h8 ) determined as detailed in iv above

K gr (T 11−T 2)
Ls =
V CO 2

Where K gr = Siegert constant, for class D fuel = 0.48

V CO = average CO 2concentration expressed as a percentage, for class D fuel = 11.6%

2

ṁ H O + ( 9× H ) ×(2488−( 4.2 ×T 2 ) + ( 2.1 ×T 3 ))

L1 = 2

Q gr

Where ṁ H O = Percentage water content by mass

2

For class D fuel =0.085%

H = Hydrogen content of fuel

For class D fuel = 13.0%

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

2η
× N ×Torque
60 =
η plant =
( ṁf × Cal .Value ) +(superheater power)
Q̇ su
η su=
E elec

Q̇ su = ṁs (h4 – h3)

3.11 ∆ P 0.035
ṁs =
3600 v √ = 3.11
√
0.00100323
=18.37kg/hr

from steam table when T3 = 172.5℃ , P3 = 7.5Bar

h3 = 2769kJ/kg

from steam table when T4 = 244℃ , P4 = 4Bar

h4 = 2952.64kJ/kg

Q̇ su = ṁs (h4 – h3)
= 18.37(2952.64 – 2769)
=3373.47 kJ/hr
=0.9371kW

Q̇ su 0.9371
η su= = x 100 =46.9 %
E elec 2

h6 ×h7
ηisent = × 100 %
h6 × h7 s

From steam table; h6 = 376.9kJ/kg, h7 = 2282.8kJ/kg, h7s = 2651.5kJ/kg

376.9∗2282.2
ηisent = *100 =86.1%
376.9∗2651.5

(h ¿ ¿7−h 8)
ε =ṁ s × 100 % ¿ ????????????????
ṁ CW ×C PW ×(T 7−T 9)

K gr (T 11−T 2) 0.48∗(180−32)
Ls = = = 612.41
V CO 2
0.116
 ṁ H O + ( 9× H ) ×(2488−( 4.2 ×T 2 ) + ( 2.1 ×T 3 ))
L1 = 2
=0.00085+ ( 9∗0.13 )∗¿ ¿ =68.37
Q gr