OBJECTIVE

To learn the properties acid and base substances using indicator and pH sensor.

INTRODUCTION

Acids and bases are crucial role in chemistry. Our comprehension of compound
responses as acid-base interaction originates from the wide acknowledgment of the Lewis
definitions of acids and bases, which displaced both the before Bronsted-Lowry and Arrhenius
idea. Arrhenius previously characterized acids is a producer of proton (H+) and bases is a
producer of hydroxide (OH-). Despite the fact that this is right, it is limited substances that
include proton and hydroxide group. Bronsted and Lowry proposed that acids as proton donor
and bases as proton acceptor. At last, Lewis gave us the more general meaning of acids and bases
that we use today. Lewis proposed that, acids are electron pair acceptors and bases are electron
pair donors. Any chemical reaction that involve exchange of valence electron pairs to break and
form bonds is called acid- base reaction. We will begin this experiment by presenting basics
calculation of pH, and after that we will cover methods for estimating pH.

Besides, the strength of an acid also will be measured based their ability to donate
protons to base. An acid’s strength is quantitatively measure by unit Ka. Value of Ka refer to the
characteristic of an acid and can utilize to identify an unknown acid.

CHEMICAL

Sample solution A, sample solution B, unknown acid solution, indicators (thymol blue,
bromophenol blue, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein)

APPARATUS

Test tube, conical flask, beaker, pipet, buret, pH meter.

PROCEDURE

A. pH using indicator

1. About 1-2 ml of sample solution were placed in small test tubes and 1-2drops of one
indicator given in Table 6.1 were added.
2. The color of the solution after adding the indicator in Table 6.1 was recorder.
3. Steps 1-2 were repeated for other indicators.
4. Step 1-3 were repeated for other sample solution.

B. Determination of Ka for a weak acid

1. The buret was filled with 0.2 M NaOH.

2. 25ml of an unknown weak acid solution (0.2) were pipetted into a conical flask, 3-4 drops
of phenolphthalein indicator were added and the acid solution was titrated until a faint
persistent pink color appear.
3. 25 ml of unknown acid solution was added into neutralize solution in step 2. The solution
was stirred well and the pH values was recorded.

C. Strong acid-base titration

1. The buret was filled with 0.2M HCL.

2. 25 ml of 0.2M NaOH was transferred into the 100 ml beaker by using pipet. 3-5 drops of
phenolphthalein were added.
3. A pH meter was calibrated at pH 7- 14.
4. The pH of NaOH was measured and recorded in Table 6.2.
5. 10 ml of HCL was carefully added into NaOH solution. These solution was mixed well
and pH was measured.
6. Acid was continue added and pH was measured as indicated in Table 6.2 of datasheet
ANSWER FOR QUESTION

1. Sample 1 is 3-4.7
Sample 2 is 3.2- 4.4.

2. Bromophenol

3. Methyl orange

4. a) pH = -log H+

H += 10 pH

(4.13)
= 10
= 7.413192 x 10^-3
Ka = 10- pH (1/2)
= 10 (-4.13) (1/2)
= 8.6099x 10^-3

b) Percent ionization

[H+]/[HA] × 100%

(7.413192 x 10^-3 / 0.2) x 100%

= 3.71%

5 a) 8.3-10

b) 7
c) Phenolphthalein is chosen because it changes color in a pH range between 8.3 – 10. It will
appear pink in basic solutions and clear in acidic solutions. In tour experiment that involves of
strong acid-strong base titration, this pH transition would take place within a fraction of a drop
of actual neutralization, since the strength of the base is high.
CONCLUSION

In the nutshell the objective for this experiment are successful achieve. Overall, by done
experiment in part B we now know how to determine Ka of a weak acid that was found by using
a pH sensor. In addition by done experiment in part C, we would accentuate the significance of
keeping all chemical in closed containers, and the proper system in collecting data, to guarantee
precise outcomes. I would like to increase the trials number, to accomplish exact data.
REFERENCES

1. Brown, Lemay, Bursten, Murphy (1977-2009) Chemistry: The Central ScienceEleventh

Edition. United States Of America. Pearson Educational International.