EJERCICIOS DE DIFERENCIALES

1. Hallar dy , ∆ y , Error si:

3 2
a) f ( x )=x + 3 x −6 x −3
x=2
∆ x=0,01

x
b) f ( x )=
1+ x
x=0
∆ x=0,1

1
c) f ( x )=
√x
x=4
∆ x=0,01

f ( x + △ x )=x 3 +3 x 2−6 x−3

△ y =( x + △ x )3+ 3(x +△ x )2 −6( x + △ x )−3
Enunciado : f ( x )=x 3 +3 x 2−6 x−3 ⋯ (1)
E△y
¿( x + △ x)3 +3(x + △ x )2−6(x + △ x )−3 ⋯ (2)
→ ( 2 )−( 1 ) ; Hallaremos el incremento de y ; △ y
△ y =( x + △ x )3+ 3(x +△ x )2 −6 ( x+ △ x )−3− [ x 3 +3 x 2−6 x−3 ]
△ y =0.180901
Derivamos f ' ( x )=3 x 2+6 x 1−6= y '
dy
= y'
dx
dy =( y ' ) . dx
dy =0.18
Error=△ y −dy
Error=0.000901
x
a. f ( x )= ; para que : x=0 , △ x=0.1
1+ x

x
f ( x + △ x )=
1+ x
(x + △ x) x
△ y= −
1+(x+ △ x) 1+ x
△ y =0.090909
 x
f ( x )=
1+ x
' 1
y= 2
(1+ x )
dy =[ f ' ( x ) ] .(dx )
1
dy =
( )
( 1+ x )2
. ( 0.1 ) ; Reemplazamos x=0

dy =0.1
E=△ y−dy
E=−0.009091
1
a. f ( x )= ; para que : x=4 , △ x=0.01
√x
∴ x+ △ x=4.01
1 1
f ( x + △ x )= −
√ x+ △ x √ x
1 1
△ y= −
√ 4.01 √ 4
△ y =−0.0006
1
f ( x )=
√x
1 '
f ' ( x )= ( )√x
−1
y'=
x .2 √ x
dy =( y ' ) . dx
dy =−0.000625
E=△ y−dy
E=0.000025

2. Usando diferenciales. Calcular el valor que se indica:

3 2
a) f ( x )=x + 2 x −x +1 , para f (3,002) , x=3 , ∆ x =0,002

b) f ( x )=
√5+ 2 x , para f , x=2 , ∆ x=0,024
( 2,024 )
x

c) f ( x )=
√ 4 x +1 , f , x=1 , ∆ x=0,91
( 1,91 )
x 2 +1

Primeroidentificamos elaproximado de f ( 3.002 ) , decimos .

Aproximado : x=3
Aproximado : △ x=0.002
f ( x )=x 3 +2 x2 −x+1
f ( 3 )=43=f (x)
dy =[ f ' (x ) ] . △ x
→ dy=( 3 x 2 +4 x 1−1 ) . △ x
dy =( 3(3)2 +4 (3)1−1 ) .(0.002)
dy =0.076
f ( 3.002 ) =43.076
a. f ( x )=
√ 5+2 x ; para f (2.024 )
x
f (2.024)
x=2
△ x=0.024
5+2 x
f ( x )= √
x
5+2.2
f ( 2) = √
2
f ( 2 ) =1.5
5+2 x
f ( x )= √
x
x−( √ 5+2 x ) ( √ 5+2 x )
f ' ( x )= √5+2 x
x2
−5−x
f ' ( x )= 2
x . √5+ 2 x
−5−x
dy = 2
( x . √ 5+ 2 x )
( dx)

dy =0.014
f ( x + △ x )=f ( x )+ dy
f ( 2.024 )=1.486
b. f ( x )= 2
√ 4 x +1 ; para f ( 1.91 )
x +1
x=2
△ x=−0.09
Lo llevamos a f ( x ) .
4 x +1
f ( x )= √ 2
x +1
4.2+1
f ( 2) = √ 2
2 +1
3
f ( 2) =
5
f ( 2 ) =0.6
 4 x +1
f ( x )= √
x 2+1
−6 x 2−2 x+ 2
f ' ( x )= 2
= y'
2
( x +1 ) . √ 4 x +1
−6 x 2−2 x+ 2
dy =
(( 2
x 2+ 1 ) . √ 4 x +1 ) . dx

dy =0.0312
f ( x + △ x )=f ( x )+ dy
f ( 1.91 ) =0.6312

3. Calcular valor aproximado usando diferenciales para:

a) √4 83
1
b) 3
√25
3
c) √ 128
d) √ 35,5

√ 35,5
Hallamos x que va ser un valor que de unresultado entero de laraiz .
∴ x=36
∴ △ x=dx=−0.5
f ( x )= √ x
f ( 36 )=√ 36
f ( 36 )=√ 62
f ( 36 )=6=f ( x)
f ( x )= √ x
1
f ( x )=
2. √ x
dy =( y ' )dx
−1
dy = ó 0.042 ( redondeado ) .
24
f ( x + △ x )=f ( x )+ dy
143
f ( √ 35.5 ) = ó 5.9583
24
 a. √4 83
∴ x=81
∴ △ x=dx=+ 2
f ( x )= 4√ x
f ( 81 )=3=f ( x )
f ( x )= 4√ x
1
f ' ( x )= 4 3 = y '
4. √ x
dy =( y ' )dx
1
dy =
54
f ( x + △ x )=f ( x )+ dy
1
f ( √4 83 )=3+
54
4 163
f ( √ 83 )= ó 3.02(redondeado)
54

1
a. 3
√25
∴ x=27
∴ △ x=dx=−2
1
f ( x )= 3
√x
1
f ( 27 )= =f ( x)
3
1
f ( x )= 3
√x
−1
f ( x )= 3 4
3. √ x
−1
(
dy = 3 4 . dx
3. √ x )
2
dy =
143
1 1 2
( )
f 3 = +
√25 3 143
1
( )
f 3
√25
=0.35( redondeado)

a. √3 128
∴ x=125
∴ △ x=dx=+ 3
f ( 125 )=5=f ( x )
1
f ' ( x )= 3 2 = y '
3 √x
'
dy = y .(dx )
dy =0.04
f ( x + △ x )=f ( x )+ dy
f ( √3 128 ) =5.04