MALARIA Plasmodium falciparum Anopheles female C-hills to convulsion Quinine Chemically treated mosquito nets

mosquito (9pm- H-epatomegaly Larvae eating fish

3am) A-nemia Environmental clean up
S-weat profusely Antimosquito soap/lotion
E-levated temp Neem trees/eucalyptus tree

Chloroquine 1 wk b4 entering the

endemic area and 2 wk aftr
leaving

FILARIASIS Wuchereria bancrofti Mosquito bite fem Microfilariae NBE taken after 8pm CLEAN
aedes poecilus 10-
12pm H-ydrocoele Diethylcarbamazepine
E-lephantiasis Citrate
L-ymphedema (DEC)/Hetrazan

Dengue Dengue virus Mosquito Bite S-hock Torniquet Test Environmental Sanitation
Hemorrhagic Chikungunya Virus (Aedes Aegypti) H-igh fever & headache (Rumpel Leads Test)
Fever Morning bite A-bd pain
M-elena
E-pixtasis
SCHISTOSOMIASIS Schistosoma japonicum Oncomelania S-pleenomegaly Praziquantel Health Education
quadrasi (SNAIL) A-nemia (Biltricide) Proper waste disposal
Cercarea-inside the I-nflamed liver Treat snail-breeding sites
body D-iarrhea with molluscicides
Use of rubber boots
Food-borne, Direct
Contact

PASCUAL 4CN 2011

LEPTOSPIROSIS -most common zoonosis dse -leptospira interrogans Tx: PET – Penicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline
DISEASE CAUSATIVE AGENT MOT PATHOGNOMONIC MGNT/ TX PREVENTION
CHOLERA Vibrio El Tor Oral-fecal Rice Watery Stool ORT Health edu
(EL TOR) Vibrio cholerae (contaminated food and LR Proper sanitation
water) Tetracycline
TYPHOID FEVER Salmonella typhosa SAME Rose spot chlorampenicol SAME
Affecting the peyer’s
patch
SHIGALLOSIS Shigella SAME Fever Cotrimoxazole SAME
BACILLARY Small intestine Tenesmus
DYSENTERY Melena

AMOEBIASIS Entamoeba hytolitica SAME Tenesmus Metronidazole SAME

Large intestine Melena
sigmoidoscopy
MEASLES MEASLE V DROPLET High grade fever 4 days before and 5 MEASLES
RUBEOLA DIRECT Koplik’s spot - buccal days after the RUBEOLA
7 DAYS MEASLES INDERECT appearance of rash 7 DAYS MEASLES

POSE

INTEGUMENTARY

MEASLES MEASLE V DROPLET High grade fever 4 days before and 5 days after the appearance
RUBEOLA DIRECT Koplik’s spot - buccal of rash
7 DAYS MEASLES INDERECT
POSE
GERMAN MEASLES RUBELLA V SAME Low grade fever 4 days or 1 weekbefore and 5 days after the
RUBELLA, RUSEOLA Forchemer’s spot – soft spot appearance of rash
3 DAYS MEASLES

CHICKEN POX VZV SAME Vesicular Rash, granular scabs 1 day before and 6 days after the appearance
of first crop of vesicles
Centrifugal distribution
RESPIRATORY

DIPTHERIA Corynebacterium Droplet Pseudomembrane Moloney’s test Erythromycin

diptherae Direct -hypersensitivity
Klebs-loeffler bacillus indirect Complication:
Schicks test myocarditis
-susceptability

PERTUSSIS BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS SAME Catarrhal stage Erythromycin

-most communicable
Prodromal Complication:
-whooping cough at night Abd hernia
convalence

MUMPS Paramyxovirus SAME Painful swelling in front of ear, angle of jaws and POC: As long as glandular
(EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS) down the neck swelling remains
Orchitis – painful swelling of one or both testicles

SYPHILIS Treponema pallidum Direct contact Painless chancre Kalm test

Sy -contact with sore Dark field illumination test
The pox
Bad blood
 GONORRHEA Neisseria gonorrhea Typically passed by Male: burning urination and pus Cefixime
Clap direct contact betw. dischatrge
Drip The infectious mucous
GC membrane Fem: vaginal ischarge

-PID, sterility in both sexes

CHLAMYDIA Chlamydia trichomatis -same Slight yellow vaginal discharge Azithromycin

TRICHOMONIASIS Trichomonas vaginalis -same Greenish frothy and foul smelling vaginal Metronidazole
discharge
Painful urination

Sexually transmitted dse

TUBERCULOSIS

M. TB
Airborne-Droplet
Most hazardous period 6-12 mos
s/sx: Night sweats
Weight loss
Afternoon fever
Hemoptysis – C.I in DSSM

Common manifestation: easy fatigability, cough that progress and become worse.

Dx: DSSM – presence of AFB; primary tool

CXR - may reveal active or calcified lesion, pleural effusion
Mantoux test – ID read after 48-72 hrs (+) 10 mm duration or more

Remember:
1. Immunocompromised clients may not have a positive reaction despite of being infected with tubercle bacilli
2. Clients who have received bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine will have a positive result

MULTI-DRUG THERAPY High CHON diet with liberal amt of FAT

R-ifampicin – orange discoloration of urine Vit A and C
I-soniazid – peripheral neuritis – VIT B6
P-yrazinamide – hyperuricemia
E-thambutol – decreased visual acuity
S-treptomycin – effects on VIII cranial nerve

Type of TB patient INTENSIVE /MAINTENACE

 Category 1 2RIPE/4RI
 New pulmonary smear (+)
 New pulmonary smear (-) cases w/
 extensive lung lesion
 EPTB
 Immunossupress
 Category 2 2RIPES-1RIPE/5RIE
 Tx failure
 Relapse
 Return after default
 other
Category 3 2RIPE/4RI
New pulmonary smear (-) minimal
parenchymal lession
Category 4 REFERRAL
chronic

LEPROSY

Hansen’s dse
Cause by an aerobic acid fast rod-shaped mycobacterium – M. Leprae
MOT: AIRBORNE and PROLONG SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT

S/sx: Early stage (CLUMP) late stage (GMICS)

Change in skin color Gynecomastia

Loss in sensation Madarosis (loss of eyebrow0
Ulcer that do not heal Inability to close eyelids (Lagopthalmos)
Muscle weakness Sinking nosebridge
Painful nerves Clawing/contractures of finger and nose

Dx : Slit Skin Test

Anti-leprosy drugs (CD-ROM) Clofazimine, Dapsone , Rifampicin, Ofloxacin, Minocycline