Damelia Coleman Chemistry February 4, 2019

LAB #: 4

TITLE: Bonding

TOPIC: Ionic and Covalent Compounds

AIM: To distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds

APPARATUS/ MATERIALS: Sucrose, sodium chloride, naphthalene, magnesium sulphate,

copper sulphate, potassium nitrate, electrolytic cell, beakers, Bunsen burner.

METHOD:

1. The sodium chloride was heated and observed for one minute.
2. Step one (1) was repeated using the five compounds.
3. The solubility of each of the compounds were tested in water.
4. The electrolytic cell was used to test the conductivity of the compounds in their solution
state.
5. The results obtained were tabulated.

DIAGRAMS:

TITLE: DIAGRAM OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL

 Damelia Coleman Chemistry
RESULTS:
TITLE: TABLE SHOWING THE PROPERTIES OF EACH COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS HEATING
SODIUM CHLORIDE When it was being heated the
sodium chloride did not
change due to its strong ionic
electrostatic bond causing the
substance to have a high
melting point, therefore it
remained as white solid
crystals.
COPPER SULPHATE The blue crystals began to
turn pale to white powder
while it was being heated.
During the change it shows
that this compound has a low
melting point.
NAPHTHALENE The substance was heated
rapidly resulting in a
colourless liquid, due to its
low melting point. While this
substance was burning, it
released a similar scent of
camphor balls.
POTASSIUM NITRATE The white salt crystals melted
into a brown liquid during the
heating process.
MAGNESIUM During the heating process,
SULPHATE melting, the substance dried
into white powdered solid
substance. Much changes did
not took place.
SUCROSE This compound was heated
rapidly resulting in a black
liquid, which shows that this
compound has a low melting
point. Therefore it is a
covalent compound.
February 4, 2019
SOLUBILITY IN ELETRICAL
WATER CONDUCTIVITY
Due to its ionic bond There are free ions
Sodium Chloride is moving in the solution,
soluble in water. therefore it is an ionic
compound which
allows electricity to
conduct.
Copper Sulphate is Due to the free ions in
soluble in water its solution it is an
because of its ionic ionic compound
bond, so it is able to therefore electricity is
dissolve in polar able to conduct.
substances such as
water.
Because of its non- Does not conduct any
polar covalent bond electrical charge
Naphthalene is because it has no free
insoluble in water. ions, therefore it is a
Non-polar substances non-polar covalent
cannot dissolve in compound.
polar substances.
Because of its ionic This ionic compound
bond, Potassium contains free ions
Nitrate is soluble in which allows the
water. solution to conduct
electrical charge.
Magnesium Sulphate is In this solution it
able to dissolve in contained free ions
water due to its ionic moving around which
bond. results in electrical
charge. Hence it is an
ionic compound.
Sucrose is soluble in Because of its polar
water because it is a covalent bond it is able
polar covalent to dissolve in water. It
compound. has no free ions
therefore it cannot
conduct electricity.
Damelia Coleman Chemistry February 4, 2019

DISCUSSION:

Ionic compound is a chemical compound that is composed of metal and non-metal atoms which
are held together by an electrostatic force due to ionic bonding.
Covalent compound is a molecule that is made up of two non-metal atoms which are formed by
covalent bonding, hence they share one or more pairs of valence electrons.

The results shown in the table above represents the occurrence of each compounds and how they
reacted. The various compounds were tested in the given state, by heating, solubility in water
and electrical conductivity in their aqueous state. The results showed how each compound
reacted to the different test.

CONCLUSION:

It can concluded that the ionic compounds were found to be Sodium Chloride, Potassium
Nitrate, Copper Sulphate and Magnesium Sulphate. The covalent compounds that were found
are Sucrose and Naphthalene.