Assignment 01: Types of Surgery Used in Management of Cancer

BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
MAIN CAMPUS
College of Nursing and Midwifery www.bpsu.edu.ph
City of Balanga, 2100 Bataan bpsu.cnm.2018@gmail.com
OFFICE OF THE DEAN
ASSIGNMENT 01
TYPES OF SURGERY USED
IN MANAGEMENT OF
CANCER
(COURSE PACKET 3)
Submitted To:
Meyan Rose V. Malabanan, RN, MAN
Submitted By:
Danah Grace A. Sanchez
(BSN-4A)
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A leading university in the Philippines To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by
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Sustainable Development through equitable and extension and production programs and services through progressive
inclusive programs and services by 2030. enhancement of its human resources capabilities and institutional
mechanism.
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OFFICE OF THE DEAN
TYPES OF SURGERY USED IN MANAGEMENT OF CANCER:
1. Diagnostic Surgery: Diagnostic surgery often called biopsy helps to determine whether
cells are cancerous. It is used to remove a tissue sample for testing and evaluation (in a
laboratory by a pathologist). The tissue samples help to confirm a diagnosis, identify the
type of cancer, or determine the stage of the cancer.
There are 2 main types of surgical biopsies:
 An incisional biopsy removes a piece of the suspicious area to study.

 An excisional biopsy removes the whole suspicious area, such as a mole or a
lump.
After a biopsy, a pathologist examines the tissue that was removed under a microscope. A
pathologist is a doctor who interprets lab tests. He or she also looks at cells, tissues, and
organs to find disease. The pathologist then gives a pathology report to the oncologist.
Next, the oncologist looks at the report and diagnoses the tumor.
2. Prophylactic Surgery: Also known as Preventive Surgery. It is a type of surgery designed

to reduce or prevent the risk of getting cancer in an organ or gland that has yet to develop
cancer and is considered to be at increased risk of getting cancer.
Types of Prophylactic Surgery: Prophylactic surgery is not only limited to the treatment
of cancer but can also include surgery intended to prevent any illness or unintended
surgical results. There are many examples and forms of prophylactic surgery for both
cancer-related and noncancerous related disorders. In cancer-related prophylactic
operations, the majority of people needed to conduct these operations have either had
related cancer or have hereditary cancer.
a. Cancer Related
 Prophylactic Mastectomy: Prophylactic mastectomy is a surgical removal of
breast tissue to eliminate cells at risk of developing cancer. This are most
commonly found in people with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations identified by
gene testing, who have either had breast cancer in one breast, who have a
family history of breast cancer, or who have received radiation treatment to
their chest, raising their chance of acquiring breast cancer.
 Prophylactic Salpingectomy: Is the surgical removal of the fallopian tube,
which can be performed as a prevention measure to avoid pregnancy as a form
of contraception or as a way of avoiding cancer. Patients who have
experienced prophylactic salpingectomy have reported a reduced incidence of

mechanism.
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OFFICE OF THE DEAN

ovarian cancer relative to women who have not undergone the treatment from
2.2% to 13% and from 3.75% to 24.4%.
 Prophylactic Oophorectomy: It is the removal of ovaries which is either
performed as a planned response to the genetic risk of ovarian or breast
cancer, particularly in women with familial genetic history of ovarian cancer,
BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, or who have had breast cancer in the past.
 Prophylactic Colectomy: It is the removal of part or all of the colon to avoid
cancer in the colon. This is highly common in persons with inherited
colorectal cancer syndromes such as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal
cancer or familial adenomatous polyposis.
b. Non Cancer Related
 Prophylactic Appendectomy: Prophylactic appendectomy is the removal of
the appendix in order to reduce the possibility of having appendicitis as the
primary cause of acute intra-abdominal disease in more about 50 % of all
cases.
3. Surgery as Primary Treatment: Also called Curative Surgery. Curative surgery removes
cancerous tumors or proliferation from the body. Surgeons use curative treatment where
the cancerous tumor is localized in a certain area of the body. This type of surgery is
often considered to be primary treatment. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be
given prior to actually surgery to minimize the tumor or after surgery to kill any
remaining cancer cells.
4. Palliative Surgery: The primary aim of palliative surgery is to reduce the discomfort of
the patient. The goal of surgery does not simply be to remove cancer tissue in the patient.
In reality, palliative surgery is often considered necessary and practical by cancer
surgeons when the condition is not receptive to some form of curative therapy.
5. Reconstructive Surgery: Reconstructive surgery is performed in patients following major

surgery to remove a tumor, individuals may opt to undergo another surgery to repair the
condition or function of the body with physical deformities and anomalies affected by
traumatic injuries, birth defects, developmental abnormalities, or illness.
The aims of reconstructive surgery vary from those of cosmetic surgery; while cosmetic
surgery is performed to reshape normal body structures to enhance the attractiveness and
self-esteem of the patient, reconstructive surgery is done on abnormal or impaired body
structures. In certain cases, the purpose for surgery is to restore the damage caused by
curative surgery, as well as to enhance the function of some anatomical parts of the body.
In cancer therapy, reconstructive surgery may be required if any deformity, dysfunction,
or disfigurement is caused by curative surgery. Breast reconstruction following surgery
for breast cancer is the most common example of reconstructive surgery.

mechanism.
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OFFICE OF THE DEAN
References:
https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-treatments/c/cancer-
surgery/types.html#:~:text=Diagnostic%20surgery%20is%20used%20to,the%20stage
%20of%20the%20cancer.
https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/surgery/what-cancer-
surgery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophylactic_surgery#Types_of_prophylactic_surgery

mechanism.

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

OFFICE OF THE DEAN

Our Vision Our Mission

OFFICE OF THE DEAN

TYPES OF SURGERY USED IN MANAGEMENT OF CANCER:

There are 2 main types of surgical biopsies:

 An incisional biopsy removes a piece of the suspicious area to study.

2. Prophylactic Surgery: Also known as Preventive Surgery. It is a type of surgery designed

Our Vision Our Mission

OFFICE OF THE DEAN

5. Reconstructive Surgery: Reconstructive surgery is performed in patients following major

Our Vision Our Mission

OFFICE OF THE DEAN

Our Vision Our Mission

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