App Logic Apex Code Cheat Sheet

Overview Important Reserved Words

Force.com Apex code is a strongly-typed programming language that executes on the
Force.com platform. Using Apex, you can add business logic to applications, write Keyword Description Example
database triggers, and program controllers used with Visualforce. Apex has a tight public class myCls {
final Defines constants and
integration with the database and query language, web service, and email handling methods that can’t be static final Integer INT_CONST;
support. It also includes features such as asynchronous execution and support for testing. overridden }

try {
Important Reserved Words finally Identifies a block of
code that is guaranteed // Your code here
to execute } catch (ListException e) {
// List Exception handling code
Keyword Description Example } finally {
// will execute with or without
abstract Declares a class public abstract class Foo { // exception
that contains abstract protected void method1() { /*… */ } }
methods that only have abstract Integer abstractMethod();
} for (Integer i = 0, j = 0; i < 10;
their signature and no for Defines a loop. The
body defined. Can also three types of for loops i++) { System.debug(i+1);
define methods. are: iteration using a }
variable, iteration over
Integer[] myInts = new Integer[]{1,
break Exits the entire loop while(reader.hasNext()) { a list, and iteration over 8, 9};
if (reader.getEventType() == END) { a query for (Integer i : myInts) {
break; System.debug(i);
}; }
// process
reader.next(); String s = 'Acme';
} for (Account a : [SELECT Id, Name,
FROM account
catch Identifies a block of try { WHERE Name LIKE :(s+'%')]) {
code that can handle // Your code here // Your code
a particular type of }
} catch (ListException e) {
exception // List Exception handling code here
global Defines a class, global class myClass {
}
method, or variable webService static void
that can be used by any makeContact(String lastName) {
class Defines a class private class Foo { // do some work
private Integer x; Apex that has access
}
public Integer getX() { return x; } to the class, not just
} the Apex in the same
application.
continue Skips to the next while (checkBoolean) {
iteration of the loop if (condition) Integer i = 1;
if Defines a condition,
{continue; } if (i > 0) {
// do some work used to determine
whether a code block // do something;
} }
should be executed
do Defines a do-while Integer count = 1;
loop that executes do { implements Declares a class global class CreateTaskEmailExample
System.debug(count); or interface that implements Messaging.
repeatedly while a
count++; implements an InboundEmailHandler {
Boolean condition } while (count < 11); global Messaging.InboundEmailResult
remains true interface
handleInboundEmail(Messaging.
inboundEmail email,
else Defines the else Integer x, sign; Messaging.InboundEnvelope env){
portion of an if-else if (x==0) { // do some work, return value;
statement, that sign = 0; }
} else {
executes if the initial sign = 1;
evaluation is untrue }
}
instanceOf Verifies at runtime if (reports.get(0) instanceof
enum Defines an public enum Season {WINTER, SPRING, CustomReport) {
SUMMER, FALL}; whether an object is
enumeration type on actually an instance of // Can safely cast
a finite set of values Season e = Season.WINTER; CustomReport c = (CustomReport)
a particular class
reports.get(0);
extends Defines a class or public class MyException extends } else {
interface that extends Exception {} // Do something with the non-
custom-report.
another class or
try { }
interface
Integer i;
if (i < 5) throw new MyException(); interface Defines a data public interface PO {
} catch (MyException e) { public void doWork();
type with
// Your MyException handling code }
} method signatures.
public class MyPO implements PO {
Classes implement
public override doWork() {
Boolean isNotTrue = false; interfaces. An interface // actual implementation
false Identifies an untrue
can extend another }
value assigned to a
interface. }
Boolean

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Important Reserved Words
Keyword Description
new Creates a new object,
sObject, or collection
instance
null Identifies a null constant
that can be assigned to any
variable
override Defines a method or
property as overriding
another defined as virtual
in a class being extended
or implemented
private Defines a class, method, or
variable that is only known
locally, within the section
of code in which it is
defined. This is the default
scope for all methods and
variables that do not have
a scope defined
protected Defines a method or
variable that is visible to
any inner classes in the
defining Apex class
public Defines a method or
variable that can be
used by any Apex in this
application or namespace
return Returns a value from a
method
static Defines a method or
variable that is only
initialized once, and is
associated with an (outer)
class, and initialization
code
super Invokes a constructor on a
superclass
testmethod Defines a method as a
unit test
this Represents the current
instance of a class, or in
constructor chaining
throw Throws an exception,
signaling that an error
has occurred
transient Declares instance variables
that cannot be saved, and
should not be transmitted
as part of the view state,
in Visualforce controllers
and extensions
Example
Foo f = new Foo();
MyObject__c mo =
new MyObject__c(Name= 'hello');
List<Account> la = new
List<Account>();
Boolean b = null;
public virtual class V {
public virtual void foo()
{/*Does nothing*/}
} true
public class RealV implements V {
public override void foo() {
// Do something real
}
} can occur
public class OuterClass {
// Only visible to methods and
// statements within OuterClass
private static final Integer
MY_INT;
} that is exposed as a
public class Foo {
public void quiteVisible();
protected void lessVisible();
} }
public class Foo {
public void quiteVisible();
private void almostInvisible();
} code repeatedly as long
public Integer meaningOfLife() {
return 42;
}
public class OuterClass {
// Associated with instance
public static final Integer
MY_INT;
// Initialization code
static {
MY_INT = 10;
} // Code won't enforce current
} are not enforced
public class AnotherChildClass
extends InnerClass {
AnotherChildClass(String s) {
super();
// different constructor, no
// args
}
} override a method
static testmethod void testFoo() {
// some test logic
}
public class Foo {
public Foo(String s) { /* … */}
public foo() {
this('memes repeat'); }
} }
public class MyException extends
Exception {}
try {
Integer i;
if (i < 5)
throw new MyException();
} catch (MyException e) {
// Your MyException handling
// code here
} String a, Integer i) {
transient integer currentValue;
Important Reserved Words
Keyword Description
trigger Defines a trigger on an
sObject
Identifies a true value
assigned to a Boolean
try Identifies a block of code
in which an exception
webService Defines a static method
Web service method that
can be called by external
client applications.
Web service methods
can only be defined in
a global class.
while Executes a block of
as a particular Boolean
condition remains true
with Enforces sharing rules that
sharing apply to the current user.
If absent, code is run under
default system context.
without Ensures that the sharing
sharing rules of the current user
virtual Defines a class or method
that allows extension
and overrides. You can’t
with the override
keyword unless the class or
method has been defined
as virtual.
Annotations
Annotation Description
@future Denotes methods that are
executed asynchronously
Example
trigger myAccountTrigger on Account
(before insert, before update) {
if (Trigger.isBefore) {
for (Account a : Trigger.old) {
if (a.Name != 'okToDelete') {
a.addError(
'You can\'t delete this record!');
}
}
}
Boolean mustIterate = true;
try {
// Your code here
} catch (ListException e) {
// List Exception handling code
// here
}
global class MyWebService {
webService static Id makeContact(
String lastName, Account a) {
Contact c = new Contact(
LastName = 'Weissman',
AccountId = a.Id);
insert c;
return c.Id;
}
Integer count=1;
while (count < 11) {
System.debug(count);
count++;
}
public with sharing class
sharingClass {
// Code will enforce current user's
// sharing rules
}
public without sharing class
noSharing {
user's
// sharing rules
}
public virtual class MyException
extends Exception {
// Exception class member
// variable
public Double d;
// Exception class constructor
MyException(Double d) {
this.d = d;
}
// Exception class method
protected void doIt() {}
Example
global class MyFutureClass {
@future
static void myMethod(
System.debug(
'Method called with: ' + a +
' and ' + i);
// do callout, other long
// running code
}
}
Annotations
Annotation Description
@isTest Denotes classes that only
contain code used for
testing your application.
These classes don’t count
against the total amount
of Apex used by your
organization.
@isTest( Denotes a test class or test
OnInstall=true) method that executes on
package installation
@isTest( Denotes a test class or test
SeeAllData=true) method that has access to
all data in the organization
including pre-existing data
that the test didn't create.
The default is false.
@deprecated Denotes methods, classes, @deprecated
exceptions, enums,
interfaces, or variables that }
can no longer be referenced
in subsequent releases of
the managed package in
which they reside
@readOnly Denotes methods that @readOnly
can perform queries private void doQuery() {
unrestricted by the number }
of returned rows limit for
a request
@remoteAction Denotes Apex controller
methods that JavaScript
code can call from a
Visualforce page via
JavaScript remoting. The
method must be static and
either public or global.
Denotes a class that is
@restResource
available as a REST
resource. The class must
be global. The urlMapping
parameter is your resource's
name and is relative to
https://instance.salesforce.
com/services/apexrest/.
@httpGet, Denotes a REST method
@httpPost, in a class annotated with
@httpPatch,
@httpPut,
@restResource that the
runtime invokes when a
@httpDelete client sends an HTTP
GET, POST, PATCH, PUT, or
DELETE respectively.
The methods defined with
any of these annotations
must be global and static.
Primitive Types
Type Description
Blob Binary data stored as a single
object
Boolean Value that can only be assigned
true, false, or null
Date Particular day
Datetime Particular day and time
Example
@isTest private class MyTest {
// Methods for testing
}
@isTest(OnInstall=true)
private class TestClass {
} identifier
@isTest(SeeAllData=true)
private class TestClass {
}
public void limitedShelfLife() {
@remoteAction
global static String getId(
String s) {
} FROM
@restResource(urlMapping=
'/Widget/*')
global with sharing class
MyResource() { Account myAcct = new Account();
}
@httpGet
global static MyWidget__c
doGet() {
} Trigger Context Variables
@httpPost
global static void doPost() {
}
@httpDelete
global static void doDelete() {
}
Example
Blob myBlob =
Blob.valueof('idea');
Boolean isWinner = true;
Date myDate = Date.today();
Date weekStart =
myDate.toStartofWeek();
Datetime myDateTime =
Datetime.now();
Datetime newd =
myDateTime. addMonths(2);
Primitive Types
Type Description Example
Decimal Number that includes a decimal Decimal myDecimal = 12.4567;
point. Decimal is an arbitrary Decimal divDec = myDecimal.
precision number. divide
(7, 2, System.RoundingMode.UP);
system.assertEquals(divDec,
1.78);
Double 64-bit number that includes a Double d=3.14159;
decimal point. Minimum value
-263. Maximum value of 263-1
ID 18-character Force.com record ID id='00300000003T2PGAA0';
Integer 32-bit number that doesn’t include Integer i = 1;
a decimal point. Minimum value
-2,147,483,648 — maximum value
of 2,147,483,647
Long 64-bit number that doesn’t include Long l = 2147483648L;
a decimal point. Minimum value
of -263 — maximum value of 263-1.
String Set of characters surrounded by String s = 'repeating memes';
single quotes
Time myTime =
Time Particular time
Time.newInstance(18, 30, 2, 20);
Integer myMinutes = myTime.
minute();
Collection Types
// Create an empty list of String
List Ordered collection
of typed primitives, List<String> my_list = new
List<String>();
sObjects, objects, or
collections that are My_list.add('hi');
distinguished by String x = my_list.get(0);
their indices
// Create list of records from a query
List<Account> accs = [SELECT Id, Name
Account LIMIT 1000];
Map Collection of key-value Map<String, String> mys = new Map<String,
pairs where each String>();
unique key maps to a Map<String, String> mys = new Map<String,
String>{'a' => 'b', 'c' => 'd'.
single value. Keys can
toUpperCase()};
be any primitive data
type, while values can
be a primitive, sObject, Map<Integer, Account> m = new
collection type, or an Map<Integer, Account>();
object. m.put(1, myAcct);
Set Unordered collection Set<Integer> s = new Set<Integer>();
that doesn’t contain s.add(12);
any duplicate elements. s.add(12);
System.assert(s.size()==1);
Variable Operators
isExecuting Returns true if the current context for the Apex code is a trigger only
isInsert Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an insert operation
isUpdate Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an update operation
isDelete Returns true if this trigger was fired due to a delete operation
isBefore Returns true if this trigger was fired before any record was saved
isAfter Returns true if this trigger was fired after all records were saved
isUndelete Returns true if this trigger was fired after a record is recovered from
the Recycle Bin
new Returns a list of the new versions of the sObject records. (Only in
insert and update triggers, and the records can only be modified in
before triggers.)
newMap A map of IDs to the new versions of the sObject records. (Only available in
before update, after insert, and after update triggers.)
old Returns a list of the old versions of the sObject records.
(Only available in update and delete triggers.)
Trigger Context Variables Standard Classes and Methods (Subset)
System
Variable Operators abortJob assert assertEquals
assertNotEquals currentPageReference currentTimeMillis
oldMap A map of IDs to the old versions of the sObject records. debug isRunningTest now
(Only available in update and delete triggers.) process resetPassword runAs
schedule setPassword submit today
size The total number of records in a trigger invocation, both old and new. Math
abs acos asin atan atan2 cbrt ceil
Apex Data Manipulation Language (DML) Operations cos cosh exp floor log log10 max
min mod pow random rint round roundToLong
signum sin sinh sqrt tan tanh
Keyword Description Example
Describe
insert Adds one or Lead l = new Lead(Company='ABC', fields fieldSets getChildRelationships
more records LastName='Smith'); getKeyPrefix getLabel getLabelPlural
insert l;
getLocalName getName getRecordTypeInfos
delete Deletes one or Account[] doomedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name getRecordTypeInfosByID getSobjectType
more records FROM Account WHERE Name = 'DotCom']; isAccessible getRecordTypeInfosByName
try {
delete doomedAccts; isCreateable isCustom isCustomSetting
} catch (DmlException e) { isDeletable isDeprecatedAndHidden isFeedEnabled
// Process exception here isMergeable isQueryable isSearchable
} isUndeletable isUpdateable
merge Merges up to List<Account> ls = new List<Account>{ Schema.RecordTypeInfo rtByName = rtMapByName.get(rt.name);
three records of new Account(Name='Acme Inc.'), Schema.DescribeSObjectResult d = Schema.SObjectType.Account;
the same type new Account(Name='Acme')};
insert ls; DescribeFieldResult
into one of the
Account masterAcct = [SELECT Id, Name getByteLength getCalculatedFormula getController
records, deleting FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme Inc.'
the others, and getDefaultValue getDefaultValueFormula getDigits
LIMIT 1];
re-parenting any Account mergeAcct = [SELECT Id, Name FROM getInlineHelpText getLabel getLength
related records Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1]; getLocalName getName getPicklistValues
try { merge masterAcct mergeAcct; getPrecision getReferenceTo getRelationshipName
} catch (DmlException e) { getRelationshipOrder getScale getSOAPType
} getSObjectField getType isAccessible
isAutoNumber isCalculated isCaseSensitive
undelete Restores one or Account[] savedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name isCreateable isCustom isDefaultedOnCreate
more records from FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Trump' isDependantPicklist isDeprecatedAndHidden isExternalID
the Recycle Bin ALL ROWS]; isFilterable isGroupable isHtmlFormatted
try { undelete savedAccts;
} catch (DmlException e) { isIdLookup isNameField isNamePointing
} isNillable isPermissionable isRestrictedDelete
isRestrictedPicklist isSortable isUnique
update Modifies one or Account a = new Account(Name='Acme2');
insert(a); isUpdateable isWriteRequiresMasterRead
more existing Schema.DescribeFieldResult f = Schema.SObjectType.Account.fields.Name;
records Account myAcct = [SELECT Id, Name,
BillingCity FROM Account WHERE Name
= 'Acme2' LIMIT 1]; LoggingLevel
myAcct.BillingCity = 'San Francisco'; ERROR WARN INFO DEBUG FINE FINER FINEST
try {
update myAcct; getAggregateQueries getLimitAggregateQueries
} catch (DmlException e) { getCallouts getLimitCallouts
} getChildRelationshipsDescribes getDMLRows
upsert Creates new Account[] acctsList = [SELECT Id, Name, getLimitChildRelationshipsDescribes getLimitDMLRows
records and BillingCity FROM Account WHERE getCPUTime getLimitCPUTime
updates existing BillingCity = 'Bombay']; getDMLRows getLimitDMLRows
for (Account a : acctsList) getDMLStatements getLimitDMLStatements
records
{a.BillingCity = 'Mumbai';}
Account newAcct = new Account( getEmailInvocations getLimitEmailInvocations
Name = 'Acme', BillingCity = getFieldsDescribes getLimitFieldsDescribes
'San Francisco'); getFindSimilarCalls getLimitFindSimilarCalls
acctsList.add(newAcct); getFutureCalls getLimitFutureCalls
try { upsert acctsList; getHeapSize getLimitHeapSize
} catch (DmlException e) { getPicklistDescribes getLimitPicklistDescribes
}
getQueries getLimitQueries
getQueryLocatorRows getLimitQueryLocatorRows
Standard Interfaces (Subset) getQueryRows getLimitQueryRows
getRecordTypesDescribes getLimitRecordTypesDescribes
Database.Batchable getRunAs getLimitRunAs
global (Database.QueryLocator | Iterable<sObject>) getSavepointRollbacks getLimitSavepointRollbacks
start(Database.BatchableContext bc) {}
getSavepoints getLimitSavepoints
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, list<P>){}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC){} getScriptStatements getLimitScriptStatements
getSoslQueries getLimitSoslQueries
Schedulable
global void execute(ScheduleableContext SC) {} UserInfo
getDefaultCurrency getFirstName getLanguage
Messaging.InboundEmailHandler getLastName getLocale getName
global Messaging.InboundEmailResult handleInboundEmail(Messaging. getOrganizationId getOrganizationName getProfileId
inboundEmail email, Messaging.InboundEnvelope env){} getSessionId getUITheme getUIThemeDisplayed
IsMultiCurrencyOrganization
Comparable String result = UserInfo.getLocale();
global Integer compareTo(Object compareTo) {} System.assertEquals('en_US', result);

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