Module #1- MAKING AUXILIARY VIEWS

1. 1. Introduction/Overview
In technical drawing and computer graphics, orthographic projection is a technique of drafting by which
orthographic views or two-dimensional drawing are constructed to represent the form of a three-
dimensional object. Up to six views of an object are produced (called principal views of orthographic
drawing.)  Although six different views can be drawn, usually three views of a drawing give enough
information to make a three-dimensional object. These views are known as front view, top
view and right side view. Other names for these views include plan, elevation and section.

However, some objects with inclined or slope surface, its true shape and size cannot be shown using
whatever view from the six principal views of the orthographic drawing. Here comes the role of a helping
view also known as auxiliary views applies.

2. AUXILIARY VIEW - Meaning and types

WHAT IS AN AUXILIARY VIEW?

An auxiliary view is an orthographic view that is projected into any plane other than one of
the six  principal views of the orthographic drawing. These views are typically used when an object has a
surface in an oblique plane. By projecting into a plane parallel with the oblique surface, the true size and
shape of the surface are shown.

The drawing made on this plane is called Auxiliary View.

An auxiliary view is an orthographic projection of an angled surface on an object, which

appears foreshortened in a typical multiview drawing or orthographic drawing.

Auxiliary views are used to show the true size and shape of an angled surface and its features.

An auxiliary view allows the viewer to look perpendicular to an angled surface to witness the true size
and shape of that surface and its features (a hole in this example).

 Types of Auxiliary Views

1. Depth auxiliary view is derived from a front or back view of an object and will show true depth
and shape.
2. Width auxiliary view is derived from a side view of an object and will show true width shape.

3. Height auxiliary view is derived from the top or bottom view of an object and will show true height
and shape.

CREATING AUXILIARY VIEW

Step #1:  Start with a Multiview or orthographic drawing (top, front, side view) of an object that contains a
canted surface. In this case, the canted surface for which the auxiliary view will be created is shown as an
angled edge in the front view.

Step #2:  Determine which true dimension will be shown by the auxiliary view and identify  reference edges
on the proper existing view. Draw appropriately spaced construction lines where the auxiliary view will
occur.  These construction lines will serve as reference lines and must be parallel to the angled edge in
question
Step #3:   Draw construction lines outward from each corner on the view from which the auxiliary view will
be a 90° rotation. The lines must be perpendicular to the angled edge in question. Number the
corresponding corners to easily determine the inclined edge. Identify the relationship between the
corners of the object and the intersections of the construction lines.

Step #4:   Draw object lines to connect corners that share a visible edge. Auxiliary view maybe shaded
with fine line.

This auxiliary view, as projected from the front view, shows the true size and true shape of one of the
angled surfaces. If a feature, such as a hole, were located on this surface, it could now be properly
dimensioned.

10. REVIEW TOPIC

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

In first-angle projection, the object is conceptually located in quadrant I, i.e. it floats above and
before the viewing planes, the planes are opaque, and each view is pushed through the object onto the
plane furthest from it.  Extending to the 6-sided box, each view of the object is projected in the direction
(sense) of sight of the object, onto the (opaque) interior walls of the box; that is, each view of the object is
drawn on the opposite side of the box. A two-dimensional representation of the object is then created by
"unfolding" the box, to view all of the interior walls. This produces two plans and four elevations. A
simpler way to visualize this is to place the object on top of an upside-down bowl. Sliding the object down
the right edge of the bowl reveals the right side view.

An image of an object in a box.

The same image, with views of the object projected in the direction of sight on walls using first-angle
projection. 

 Similar image showing the box unfolding from around the object.

Image showing orthographic views located relative to each other in accordance with first-angle

projection.