Climate of INDIA

1. Hot & Dry

2. Warm & Humid
3. Moderate
4. Composite
5. Cold & Cloudy
6. Cold & Sunny
 COMPOSITE Climate
Where none of the defined categories can be identified for six months or longer,
the climatic zone s called composite.

• This region is situated in the central part of India.

• New Delhi, Kanpur, Allahabad all fall in this category.
• This region has variable landscape and there is seasonal vegetation.
• intensity of solar radiation is very high during summer and very low in
monsoons.
• TEMPERATURE:
SUMMER- day : 32-43 degree Celsius
night : 27-32 degree Celsius
WINTERS- day : 10-25 degree Celsius
night : 4-10 degree Celsius
•Relative humidity 20-25% Dry
55-95% wet
•Precipitation : 500-1300mm per year
•Strong winds : Monsoon (SE)
Dry cold wind (NE)
•Summer : Winds – Hot & Dusty
•SKY :
Monsoon - Overcast & Dull
Summer - Hazy
Winter - Dear
•Higher humidity levels : Monsoon than HOT & DRY ZONE
•Maximizing cross ventilation in monsoon.

DESIGN CRITERIA :-
• Reduce heat gain by giving SHADE.
•Heat loss by giving VENTILATION.

CONSTRUCTION METHOD :-
• The houses are constructed with exposed bricks that too without surface
treatment internally or externally.
• Reinforced concrete and bricks are used with traditional material such as kotah
stone and teak finishing.
 SATISH GUJRAL HOUSE
• About 800 square meters of living space.
• A central staircase connects various level of the dwelling which has difference in
height of 1 or half meters.
• Certain interior spaces have direct access to outdoor gardens at differing levels.
• The house was constructed with exposed brick, without surface treatment internally
or externally.
• The concrete floors slabs and beams were left exposed. The marks of the wooden
planks used for shuttering are still visible.
GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR
 SHAM LAL RESIDENCE
•This design emphasis on blending the entrance hall, dining and living room
spaces with the front garden as much as possible.
• A double heighted space contains the entrance hall and stair to the first floor.
-Three bedrooms and the upper floor has access roof terraces.
-- A small basement under the dinning room serves as a library.
• CONSTRUCTION: reinforced concrete and brick with traditional materials
such as Kotah stone and teak for finishing
GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR
 REWAL RESIDENCE
• Two independent house unit, one for the architect and his family,
the other for his parents, were designed in such a manner as to give
both privacy and inter relatedness to each other.
• A small interior courtyard within the two units brings indirect light
and ground cross ventilation to these spaces.
• Large pivoting glass doors provide continuity between the living
room and garden outside.
• Use of materials is restricted to exposed brick externally and
internally ( painted white outside).
• The ceiling and the cantilever stairs are of exposed concrete,
softened by the texture left by wooden formwork.
• The flooring of Kotah stone in brown and bronze achieves a certain
continuity, carried through in the teak framed doors and windows.
 FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR
Rang Mahal, Red Fort, Delhi, Composite
New Delhi has a Composite climate. It has a very hot and dry summer, followed by a
humid season with monsoon rains. With the departure of the monsoon it gradually becomes
comfortable in autumn, followed by a short winter with the cloudy and wet as well as sunny
periods. Before the summer returns there is a comfortable but short spring season.
The Rang Mahal at the Red Fort royal palace has spaces suitable for every season. Rooms
have thick walls and small openings for summer days and winter nights. Verandahs are for
evenings and mornings. There is a screened balcony that will cut out the sun but enjoy the
monsoon breeze during the humid season.
Additionally, there is water stream flowing through the middle and the screens and
awnings that can be raised or lowered to modulate the light, provide shade, or insulate
against the heat or cold.