Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Art 1 PDF
Art 1 PDF
Art 1 PDF
Nondestructive Methods
of Examination
SUBSECTION A
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1
Figure
T-275 Location Marker Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tables
T-233.1 Hole-Type IQI Designation, Thickness, and Hole Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
T-233.2 Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter, and Wire Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
T-276 IQI Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
T-283 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I In-Motion Radiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix II Real-Time Radioscopic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix III Digital Image Acquisition, Display, and Storage for Radiography and
Radioscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Appendix IV Interpretation, Evaluation, and Disposition of Radiographic and Radioscopic
Examination Test Results Produced by the Digital Image Acquisition and
Display Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Appendix V Glossary of Terms for Radiographic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3 A02
A03
Appendix VI Digital Image Acquisition, Display, Interpretation, and Storage of Radiographs for
Nuclear Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Appendix VII Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Nonmandatory Appendices
Appendix A Technique Sketches for Pipe or Tube Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Appendix C Hole Type IQI Placement Sketches for Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Appendix D Number of IQIs (Special Cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Figures
I-263 Beam Width Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
VI-A-1 Reference Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
C-210-1 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
C-210-2 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
C-210-3 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
C-210-4 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
D-210-1 Complete Circumference Cylindrical Component. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-2 Section of Circumference 240 Deg. or More Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-3 Section(s) of Circumference Less Than 240 Deg. Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-4 Section(s) of Circumference Equal to or More Than 120 Deg. and Less Than 240
Deg. Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-5 Complete Circumferential Welds Spherical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
D-210-6 Welds in Segments of Spherical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
D-210-7 Plan View A-A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
D-210-8 Array of Objects in a Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Figures
T-434.1.7.2 Ratio Limits for Curved Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
T-434.2.1 Non-Piping Calibration Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
T-434.3 Calibration Block for Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
T-434.4.1 Calibration Block for Techinque One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
T-434.4.2.1 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
T-434.4.2.2 Alternate Calibration Block for Techniuqe One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
T-434.4.3 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table
T-422 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
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A03
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Screen Height Linearity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Appendix II Amplitude Control Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Nonmandatory Appendices
Appendix A Layout of Vessel Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Appendix B General Techniques for Angle Beam Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Appendix C General Techniques for Straight Beam Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Appendix D Data Record Example for a Planar Reflector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Appendix E Computerized Imaging Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Appendix F Nozzle Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Appendix G Alternate Calibration Block Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Appendix H Recording Angle Beam Examination Data for Planar Reflectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Appendix I Examination of Welds Using Angle Beam Search Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Appendix J Alternative Basic Calibration Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Appendix K Recording Straight Beam Examination Data for Planar Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Appendix L TOFD Sizing Demonstration/Dual Probe — Computer Imaging Technique . . . . . . . . 99
Figures
I-440 Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
B-462 Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B-463 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
B-464 Position Depth and Beam Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
B-465 Planar Reflections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
B-466 Beam Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
C-461 Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
C-462 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
D-10 Reflector Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
E-460.1 Lateral Resolution and Depth Discrimination Block for 45 deg and 60 deg
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
E-460.2 Lateral and Depth Resolution Block for 0 deg Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
G-461(a) Critical Radius Rc for Transducer/Couplant Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
G-461(b) Correction Factor (Gain) for Various Ultrasonic Examination Parameters. . . . . . . . . . 94
J-431 Basic Calibration Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
L-432 Example of a Flat Demonstration Block Containing Three Notches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1
Table
G-461 Transducer Factor F1 for Various Ultrasonic Transducer Diameters and
Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5 A02
A03
Figure
T-534.2.1 Basic Calibration Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
T-534.3 Straight Beam Calibration Blocks for Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Table
T-522 Variables of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Ultrasonic Examination of Pumps and Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Appendix II Inservice Examination of Nozzle Inside Corner Radius and Inner Corner Regions 109
Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Ultrasonic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Appendix IV Inservice Examination of Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Tables
T-621 Requirements of a Liquid Penetrant Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
T-672 Minimum Dwell Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Appendix II Control of Contaminants for Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1
Appendix III Qualification Techniques for Examinations at Nonstandard Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . 128.3
Figure
III-630 Liquid Penetrant Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.3
A02 6
A03
Figures
T-754.2.1 Single-Pass and Two-Pass Central Conductor Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
T-754.2.2 The Effective Region of Examination When Using an Offset Central Conductor. . . 136
T-764.1.1 Pie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
T-764.1.2 Artificial Flaw Shims. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
T-766.1 Ketos (Betz) Test Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Table
T-721 Requirements of a Magnetic Particle Examination Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Magnetic Particle Examination Using the AC Yoke Technique on Ferritic
Materials Coated With Nonmagnetic Coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Appendix II Glossary of Terms for Magnetic Particle Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Appendix III Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.2
Figures
III-722.1.1 MFL Reference Plate Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.3
III-722.1.2 Reference Pipe or Tube Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.4
Tables
I-721 Requirements of AC Yoke Technique on Coated Ferritic Component. . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
III-723 Requirements of an MFL Examination Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.4
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Measurement of Tangential Field Strength with Gaussmeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.6
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Eddy Current Examination Method for Installed Nonferromagnetic Heat
Exchanger Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Appendix II Eddy Current Examination of Nonferromagnetic Heat Exchanger Tubing. . . . . . . . . . 155
Appendix III Eddy Current (ET) Examination on Coated Ferritic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Appendix IV Glossary of Terms for Eddy Current Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
7 A03
Figures
I-862-1 Typical Signal Response From a Properly Calibrated Differential
Bobbin Coil Probe System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
I-862-2 Typical Signal Response From a Properly Calibrated Absolute
Bobbin Coil Probe System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
I-865-1 Phase Angle vs Flaw Depth Inconel Tube, 400 kHz (Typical
0.050 in. Wall Tube). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Table
T-823 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Visual Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Table
T-921 Requirements of a Visual Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Bubble Test — Direct Pressure Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Appendix II Bubble Test — Vacuum Box Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Appendix III Halogen Diode Detector Probe Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Appendix IV Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Detector Probe Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Appendix V Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Tracer Probe Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Appendix VI Pressure Change Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Appendix VII Glossary of Terms for Leak Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Appendix VIII Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Appendix IX Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Hood Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Appendix X Ultrasonic Leak Detector Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.1
A03 8
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Supplementary Leak Testing Formula Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Tables
I-1021 Requirements of a Direct Pressure Bubble Leak Testing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
II-1021 Requirements of a Vacuum Box Leak Testing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
III-1021 Requirements of a Halogen Diode Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
III-1031 Tracer Gases .............................................................. 180
IV-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . 182
V-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Tracer Probe Testing Procedure . . . . 185
VI-1021 Requirements of a Pressure Change Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
VIII-1031 Tracer Gases .............................................................. 190
VIII-1021 Requirements of a Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . 190
IX-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Hood Testing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . 193
X-1021 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Leak Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.2
Figures
T-1142(c)(1)(a) Atmospheric Vessels Stressing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
T-1142(c)(1)(b) Vacuum Vessels Stressing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
T-1142(c)(1)(c) Test Algorithm — Flowchart for Atmospheric Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
T-1142(c)(2)(a) Pressure Vessel Stressing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
T-1142(c)(2)(b) Algorithm — Flowchart for Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Tables
T-1121 Requirements for Reduced Operating Level Immediately Prior to
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
T-1181 Evaluation Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Appendix II Instrument Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiber-Reinforced
Plastic Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
9 A03
Figure
I-1183 Sample of Schematic of AE Instrumentation for Vessel Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Figure
T-1244.3.2 An Example of Pressure Vessel Test Stressing Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Table
T-1281 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Appendix II Instrument Calibration and Cross-Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Metal
Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Nonmandatory Appendices
Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Appendix B Supplemental Information for Conducting Acoustic Emission Examinations. . . . . . . . 237
Figures
T-1331 Functional Flow Diagram — Continuous AE Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
T-1332.2 Response of a Waveguide AE Sensor Inductively Tuned to 500 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Nuclear Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
A03 10
Appendix II Non-Nuclear Metal Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Appendix III Non-Metallic Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Appendix IV Limited Zone Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Appendix V Hostile Environment Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Appendix VI Leak Detection Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Appendix VII Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Figures
V-1322 Metal Waveguide AE Sensor Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
V-1323 Mounting Fixture for Steel Waveguide AE Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Tables
II-1351 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
II-1352 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Multisource Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Tables
T-1472.1 Total Number of Samples for a Given Number of Misses at a Specified
Confidence Level and POD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.7
T-1472.2 Required Number of First Stage Examiners vs. Target Pass Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.8
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Examination System Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.10
10.1 A03
ARTICLE 1 A03
T-110 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
T-120 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
T-130 Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-150 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-160 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-170 Examinations and Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-180 Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
T-190 Records /Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
I-110 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
I-120 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
I-130 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1
A-110 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1
Table
A-110 Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2
11
ARTICLE 1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
12
T-120 ARTICLE 1 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS T-170
valid until recertification. Recertification or new certifi- nation procedures and personnel certification procedures
cation shall be in accordance with the edition of SNT- conforming to the referencing Code requirements.
TC-1A or CP-189 specified in Footnote 3. (c) When required by the referencing Code Section,
(i) Limited certification of nondestructive examina- all nondestructive examinations performed under this
tion personnel who do not perform all of the operations Code Section shall be done to a written procedure.
of a nondestructive method that consists of more than This procedure shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction
one operation, or who perform nondestructive examina- of the Inspector. The procedure or method shall comply
tions of limited scope, may be based on fewer hours with the applicable requirements of this Section for
of training and experience than recommended in SNT- the particular examination method. Where so required,
TC-1A or CP-189. Any limitations or restrictions placed written procedures shall be made available to the Inspec-
upon a person’s certification shall be described in the tor on request. At least one copy of each procedure
written practice and on the certification. shall be readily available to the Manufacturer’s Nonde-
structive Examination Personnel for their reference
and use.
A03 T-130 EQUIPMENT
It is the responsibility of the Code User to ensure
T-160 CALIBRATION A03
that the examination equipment being used conforms
to the requirements of this Code Section. (a) The Manufacturer, fabricator, or installer shall
assure that all equipment calibrations required by Sub-
section A and /or Subsection B are performed.
(b) When special procedures are developed [see T-
A03 T-140 150(a)], the Code User shall specify what calibration
DELETED
is necessary, when calibration is required.
T-150 PROCEDURE
(a) The nondestructive examination methods included
T-170 EXAMINATIONS AND A03
in this Section are applicable to most geometric configu-
INSPECTIONS
rations and materials encountered in fabrication under
normal conditions. However, special configurations and (a) The Inspector concerned with the fabrication of
materials may require modified methods and techniques, the vessel or pressure part shall have the duty of
in which case the Manufacturer shall develop special verifying to his satisfaction that all examinations re-
procedures which are equivalent or superior to the quired by the referencing Code Section have been made
methods and techniques described in this Code Section, to the requirements of this Section and the referencing
and which are capable of producing interpretable exami- document(s). He shall have the right to witness any of
nation results under the special conditions. Such special these examinations to the extent stated in the referencing
procedures may be modifications or combinations of document(s). Throughout this Section of the Code, the
methods described or referenced in this Code Section, word Inspector means the Authorized Inspector who
and shall be proved by demonstration to be capable has been qualified as required in the various referencing
of detecting discontinuities under the special conditions, Code Sections.
and such demonstrated capabilities shall be equivalent (b) The special distinction established in the various
to the capabilities of the methods described in this Code Sections between inspection and examination and
Code Section when used under more general conditions. the personnel performing them is also adopted in this
Depending on the quality assurance or quality control Code Section. In other words, the term inspection
system requirements of the referencing Code Section, applies to the functions performed by the Authorized
these special procedures shall be submitted to the Inspector, but the term examination applies to those
Inspector for acceptance where required, and shall be quality control functions performed by personnel em-
adopted as part of the Manufacturer’s quality control ployed by the Manufacturer. One area of occasional
program. deviation from these distinctions exists. In the ASTM
(b) When an examination to the requirements of this Standard Methods and Recommended Practices incorpo-
Section of the Code is required by other Sections of the rated in this Section of the Code by reference or by
Code, it shall be the responsibility of the Manufacturer, reproduction in Subsection B, the words inspection or
fabricator, or installer to establish nondestructive exami- Inspector, which frequently occur in the text or titles of
13
T-170 2001 SECTION V T-190
the referenced ASTM documents, may actually describe T-180 EVALUATION A03
what the Code calls examination or examiner. This
The acceptance standards for these methods shall be
situation exists because ASTM has no occasion to be
as stated in the referencing document(s).
concerned with the distinctions which the Code makes
between inspection and examination, since ASTM activ-
ities and documents do not involve the Authorized
Inspector described in the Code Sections. However, no
attempt has been made to edit the ASTM documents
to conform with Code usage; this should cause no T-190 RECORDS /DOCUMENTATION A03
difficulty if the users of this Section recognize that the
terms inspection, testing, and examination in the ASTM Records /Documentation shall be in accordance with
documents referenced in Subsection B do not describe the referencing document(s) and the applicable require-
duties of the Authorized Code Inspector but rather ments of Subsection A and /or B of this Code Section.
describe the things to be done by the Manufacturer’s The Code User shall be responsible for all required
examination personnel. Records /Documentation.
14
ARTICLE 1
MANDATORY APPENDIX
15
A02 ARTICLE 1
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX
APPENDIX A — IMPERFECTION VS
TYPE OF NDE METHOD
A-110 SCOPE
Table A-110 lists common imperfections and the NDE
methods that are generally capable of detecting them.
Caution — Table A-110 should be regarded for
general guidance only and not as a basis for requiring
or prohibiting a particular type of NDE method for a
specific application. For example, material and product
form are factors that could result in differences from
the degree of effectiveness implied in the table. For
service-induced imperfections, accessibility and other
conditions at the examination location are also signifi-
cant factors that must be considered in selecting a
particular NDE method. In addition, Table A-110 must
not be considered to be all inclusive; there are several
NDE methods/techniques and imperfections not listed
in the table. The user must consider all applicable
conditions when selecting NDE methods for a specific
application.
15.1
ARTICLE 1 — NONMANDATORY APPENDIX Table A-110
TABLE A-110
IMPERFECTION VS TYPE OF NDE METHOD
Surface Sub-surf.
[Note (1)] [Note (2)] Volumetric [Note (3)]
Service-Induced Imperfections
Welding Imperfections
Burn Through 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊊
Cracks 䊊 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊎 䊉 䊊 䊉
Excessive/Inadequate Reinforcement 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊊 䊊
Inclusions (Slag/Tungsten) 䊎 䊎 䊉 䊎 䊊 䊊
Incomplete Fusion 䊎 䊎 䊎 䊎 䊉 䊎 䊎
Incomplete Penetration 䊎 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊎
Misalignment 䊉 䊉 䊎
Overlap 䊎 䊉 䊉 䊊 䊊
Porosity 䊉 䊉 䊊 䊉 䊎 䊊 䊊
Root Concavity 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊊 䊊 䊊
Undercut 䊉 䊎 䊎 䊊 䊉 䊎 䊊 䊊
Bursts (Forgings) 䊊 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊎 䊎 䊎 䊉
Cold Shuts (Castings) 䊊 䊉 䊉 䊊 䊉 䊎 䊎 䊊
Cracks (All Product Forms) 䊊 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊎 䊎 䊊 䊉
Hot Tear (Castings) 䊊 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊎 䊎 䊊 䊊
Inclusions (All Product Forms) 䊎 䊎 䊉 䊎 䊊 䊊
Lamination (Plate, Pipe) 䊊 䊎 䊎 䊊 䊉 䊊 䊉
Laps (Forgings) 䊊 䊉 䊉 䊊 䊎 䊊 䊊
Porosity (Castings) 䊉 䊉 䊊 䊉 䊊 䊊 䊊
Seams (Bar, Pipe) 䊊 䊉 䊉 䊎 䊊 䊎 䊎 䊊
15.2