Acrylonitrile-Acrylonitrile - Butadiene-Styrene Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pressure Pipe - (ABS) Pressure Pipe

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BRITISH STANDARD BS 5391

5391-1
-1::
1976

Specification for

 Acrylonitrile-
butadiene-styrene
(ABS) pressure pipe —
Part 1: Pipe
Pipe for
for industri
industrial
al uses
uses
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UDC 678.74
678.745.3
5.32
2 – 139:67
139:678.7
8.762.
62.2
2 – 139:67
139:678.7
8.746
46.22
.22 – 139:62
139:621.6
1.643.
43.29
29 – 987

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BS 5391-1:1976

Cooperating organizations

The Plastics Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British


Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following
Government departments and professional, scientific and industrial
organizations:

British Plastics Federation* Electrical Research Association


British Resin Manufacturers’ Association Engineering Equipment Users’ Association*
Chemical Industries Association Ltd.* Institution of Production Engineers
Department of the Environment, Building Ministry of Defence*
Research Establishment Plastics and Rubber Institute
Department of Industry — Chemicals and Post Office
Textiles Royal Institute of British Architects*
Department of Industry — National Physical Rubber and Plastics Research Association of
Laboratory Great Britain
El ectrical and Electronic Insulatio n So ciety o f Motor Manuf acturers and Traders
 Association Ltd.*
Electrical Installation Equipment Society of Chemical Industry
Manufacturers’ Association

The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the
following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the
preparation of this British Standard:

 Agrément Board Institution of Civil Engineers


British Chemical and Dyestuffs Traders’ Institution of Municipal Engineers
 Association Ltd. Institution of Public Health Engineers
British Gas Corporation Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists
British Valve Manufacturers’ Association Lloyd’s Register of Shipping
British Rubber Manufacturers’ Association Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Ltd. National Association of Plumbing, Heating
Copper Tube Fittings Manufacturers’ and Mechanical Services Contractors
 Association National Institute for Research in Dairying
Department of the Environment National Water Council
The Environme ntal Heal th Of ficer’ s Oi l Compani es Materials Association
 Association Royal Society of Health
Electricity Supply Industry in England and Society of Builders’ Merchants
Wales Water Companies Association
Greater London Council Water Research Centre
Institute of Plumbing

This British Standard, having


been prepared under the
direction of the Plastics
Standards Committee, was
published under the authority
of the Executive Board on     -
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29 October 1976   ,


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 Amendments issued since publication   ,


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© BSI 04-1999     -


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 Amd. No. Date of issue Comments


The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference PLC/9,
PLC/9/3
Draft for comment 72/50536DC
and draft for approval 76/51450

ISBN 0 580 09486 3

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BS 5391-1:1976

Contents

Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Material 1
4 Designation of dimensional characteristics 1
5 Classification of pipe 1
6 Dimensions 1
7 Physical characteristics 1
8 Frequency of testing and retests 3
9 Marking 3
10 Stocking and transport 3
 Appendix A Heat reversion test 4
 Appendix B Test for resistance to heat ageing 4
 Appendix C Test for resistance to weathering 4
 Appendix D Test for impact resistance at 0 °C 4
 Appendix E Short-term hydrostatic test 6
 Appendix F Long-term hydrostatic test 6
 Appendix G Equivalent values of maximum sustained
working pressures and stress levels 7
Figure 1 — Suitable impact testing machine 5
Table 1 — Dimensions 2
Table 2 — Short-term internal hydrostatic test pressures 2
Table 3 — Number of lines for “round the clock” testing 5
Table 4 — Mass of striker 6
Publications referred to 8

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BS 5391-1:1976

Foreword

This Part of BS 5391 has been prepared under the authority of the Plastics
Standards Committee and is based on a draft submitted by the British Plastics
Federation.
This Part specifies requirements for pipe for industrial uses; it is intended to
publish Part 2 dealing with pipe for use with potable water when work to ensure
biological suitability for this application has been completed.
The nominal size dimensions specified in Table 1 are in accordance with BS 3867.
Maximum sustained working pressures are based on a recommended maximum
working stress for the material of 7.5 MPa at a temperature of 20° when in the
pipe form and are specified in bars, but Appendix G is included giving equivalent
values in technical metric and imperial units.
 Attention is drawn to CP 312, which has been prepared to assist users in
assessing the suitability of plastics pipes for particular purposes and to ensure
their proper application.     -
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 Attention is also drawn to BS 5392-1 which specifies requirements for ABS   ,
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fittings for use with the pipe.


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Certification. It is strongly recommended that in view of the nature of this


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specification manufacturers and purchasers should make use of the certification


facilities described on the inside back cover of this standard.
 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity


from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

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BS 5391-1:1976

1 Scope 6 Dimensions
This Part of BS 5391 specifies requirements for pipe 6.1 General. Pipe shall conform to the outside
made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) diameters and wall thicknesses given in Table 1.
polymer for industrial purposes including foodstuffs 6.2 Tolerance on outside diameter. An out of
and pharmaceuticals. roundness tolerance of ± 0.5 % on the mid mean
outside diameter applicable to classes C, D, E and T
2 References is incorporated in the values for individual outside
The titles of the standards publications referred to diameters given in Table 1.
in this standard are listed on page 8. NOTE This extra ovality tolerance is not necessary for pipe
which may easily be re-rounded.
3 Material 6.3 Length. Pipe shall be supplied in straight
lengths, normally of 3 m, 6 m and 9 m. Other
3.1 The material from which the pipe is made shall
lengths may be supplied, if required by the
be acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer
purchaser and by agreement with the
formulated to facilitate the manufacture of pipe of
manufacturer.
good surface finish and mechanical strength.
6.4 Tolerance on length. The effective length
3.2 If the pipe is intended for use with foodstuffs or
shall be not less than the appropriate length
pharmaceuticals the material shall be suitable for
specified or as ordered in accordance with 5.3.
its particular intended use.
NOTE Attention is drawn to British Plastics Federation 7 Physical characteristics
Publication 45/3, Code of Practice, Plastics food contact
application. 7.1 Appearance. The internal and external surface
3.3 When tested by method 102J of BS 2782:1970 of the pipe shall be smooth, clean and reasonably
the deformation temperature of the material shall free from grooving and other defects. The ends shall
be not lower than 90 °C. be cleanly out and square with the axis of the pipe.
3.4 The addition of the manufacturer’s own clean 7.2 Heat reversion. When tested by the method
rework material resulting from the manufacture of described in Appendix A, at no point round the pipe
pipe in accordance with this standard is shall the length change by more than 5.0 %. After
permissible; no other rework material shall be used. testing, the pipe shall show no faults, e.g. cracks,
cavities or blisters.
4 Designation of dimensional 7.3 Heat ageing. After heat ageing by the method
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characteristics
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described in Appendix B, the pipe shall meet the


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Pipe dimensions shall be designated by the nominal requirements of 7.5 except that the mass of the   ,
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weighted striker shall be reduced to 50 % of the


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size (see Table 1).         `


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appropriate value given in Table 4.


5 Classification of pipe 7.4 Resistance to weathering. When exposed as
described in Appendix C the pipe shall meet the
Pipe shall be classified according to its suitability
requirements of 7.5 except that the mass of the
for threading and for maximum sustained working
weighted striker shall be reduced to 50 % of the
pressures, as follows.
appropriate value given in Table 4.
Unsuitable for threading:
7.5 Impact resistance. When tested at a
class B 6.0 bara; temperature of 0 °C by the method described
class C 9.0 bar; in Appendix D compliance shall be judged on the
class D 12.0 bar; failure rate (a failure being defined as a test
specimen fracturing or cracking right through the
class E 15.0 bar.
complete wall thickness) as follows.
Suitable for threading in compliance with
BS 21: a) If the first 14 specimens tested contain no
failures the batch of pipe shall be deemed to be
class T 12.0 bar.
satisfactory.
a
1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 100 kPa.
b) If the first 14 specimens tested contain four or
NOTE Equivalent values in other units are given in more failures the batch of pipe shall be deemed to
 Appendix G. The maximum sustained working pressures given be unsatisfactory.
above are based on water at a temperature of 20 °C. These
pressures are the respective maximum sustained working
pressures for which the classes of pipe are suitable for use.

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BS 5391-1:1976 -
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Table 1— Dimensions
Diameter Wall thickness

Nominal Mean outside Individual Class B Class C Class D Class E Class Tb


size diametera outside
diameter 6.0 bar 9.0 bar 12.0 bar 15.0 bar 12.0 bar

min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max.

mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

) 17.0 17.3 17.0 17.3 — — — — — — 1.6 1.8 3.4 3.6


" 21.2 21.5 21.2 21.5 — — — — — — 1.9 2.1 3.5 3.7
# 26.6 26.9 26.6 26.9 — — — — — — 2.4 2.6 3.5 3.7
1 33.4 33.7 33.4 33.7 — — 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 4.2 4.5
1! 42.1 42.4 42.0 42.4 — — 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.4 3.8 4.1 5.1 5.5
1" 48.1 48.4 48.0 48.5 — — 2.7 3.0 3.6 3.9 4.4 4.7 5.8 6.2
2 60.2 60.5 60.0 60.7 — — 3.4 3.7 4.5 4.9 5.4 5.8 7.0 7.4
3 88.7 89.1 88.4 89.4 — — 5.0 5.3 6.5 6.9 8.0 8.5 — —  
4 114.1 114.5 113.7 114.9 — — 6.4 6.9 8.4 8.9 10.3 10.9 — —  
6 168.0 168.5 167.4 169.1 6.1 6.4 9.4 10.4 12.3 13.3 — — — —  
8 218.8 219.4 218.1 220.2 8.4 8.8 12.2 13.2 — — — — — —  
a
Mean outside diameter’ of a pipe is taken to be the arithmetic mean of any two perpendicularly opposed individual outside
diameters. Alternatively, the mean outside diameter may be determined by means of a circumference tape.
b
Class T pipe is intended only for threading. Its maximum sustained working pressure (12 bar) applies when threading is carried
out in accordance with BS 21.

c) If the first 14 specimens tested contain one, two Table 2 — Short-term internal hydrostatic
or three failures a further 28 test specimens shall test pressures
be tested; if during this further testing the total Class and nominal size 1 h internal hydrostatic
number of failures among the 42 specimens pressure
exceeds five, the batch of pipe shall be deemed t o
bar
be unsatisfactory.
B (all sizes) 19.2
7.6 Short-term hydrostatic resistance. When
tested by the method described in Appendix E, the C (all sizes) 28.8
pipe shall withstand the appropriate internal D (all sizes) 38.4
hydrostatic pressure given in Table 2 for at least 1 h E (all sizes) 48.0
without failure.
T ) 128.0
7.7 Long-term hydrostatic resistance. When
tested by the method described in Appendix F, the " 102.4
extrapolated 1 hour and 50 year circumferential # 80.0
stress levels shall be not less than 240 bar 1 76.8
and 160 bar respectively.
1! 73.6
NOTE A test specimen used for the long-term hydrostatic
resistance test may be deemed to meet the requirements of 7.6 if 1" 72.0
it has withstood without failure for 1 h an internal hydrostatic
pressure equal to or greater than the appropriate value in 2 68.8
Table 2.

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BS 5391-1:1976

8 Frequency of testing and retests 8.8 Sampling after delivery. The requirements
given above for frequency of sampling are related to
8.1 Appearance. Every length shall be inspected.
the production of the pipe and are intended for use
8.2 Heat reversion test. A specimen shall be taken by a manufacturer or certification authority
from each extrusion run at intervals not carrying out tests at the time of manufacture.
exceeding 8 h. Notwithstanding these requirements, samples
8.3 Heat ageing. The heat ageing test shall be taken from pipe within 3 months of delivery to the
carried out on each formulation and when a change purchaser and which have been properly stored in
is made in composition or method of manufacture of accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
the pipe, and in any case not less frequently than since delivery shall comply with all the
once every 12 months. requirements of this standard.
8.4 Resistance to weathering. The resistance to
weathering test shall be carried out on each 9 Marking
formulation and when a change is made in 9.1 All pipes shall be indelibly marked at intervals
composition or method of manufacture of the pipe, of not greater than 3 m. The marking shall show the
and in any case not less frequently than once following in the order stated:
every 12 months. a) the manufacturers’ identification;
8.5 Impact resistance. Initially, sufficient b) the number of this British Standard,
specimens shall be taken at random from each
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i.e. BS 5391-1;
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machine so that at least one is taken per shift and at   ,


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c) the nominal size, as given in Table 1;


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least 14 strikes made per extrusion run.


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If no specimen fails, no further test specimens n eed d) the class, as specified in clause 5, which   ,
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be taken. indicates the maximum sustained working


pressure.
If, of the initial 14 strikes, one, two or three
specimens fail, further specimens shall be taken at  Adhesive labels shall not suffice alone.
random and tested to ensure a total of at least 42 9.2 The marking shall be imprinted longitudinally
strikes. in the following colours, in accordance with
8.6 Short-term hydrostatic resistance. A BS 4159:
specimen shall be taken at random from each class B red;
extrusion machine at least once in every 8 h class C blue;
running or once in every 300 m run, whichever is class D green;
the greater quantity of pipe.
class E brown;
8.7 Long-term hydrostatic resistance. One test
unit shall be set up per machine that is making pipe class T white.
complying with the requirements of this standard. NOTE It is recommended that pipes should, before laying, be
marked, preferably by an adhesive tape, with an indication of the
The test sample shall be two pieces of pip e. This test contents (see BS 1710).
procedure shall be repeated immediately and
continously at each test point. 10 Stocking and transport
For the purposes of stocking and transport the ends
of the pipe shall be suitably protected from damage.

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BS 5391-1:1976

 Appendix A Heat reversion test  Appendix C Test for resistance to


(batch test) weathering (type test)
 A.1 Form of test specimen C.1 Form of test specimen
The test specimen shall consist of a length of pipe The test specimens shall be taken from a batch of
approximately 300 mm long. Two circumferential pipe that has satisfied the impact strength test
marks shall be scribed on the test specimen 100 mm described in Appendix D.     -
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apart and in such a way that one of these marks is


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C.2 Apparatus. A large stand shall be used to


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approximately 15 mm from one end of the specimen. support the pipe at an angle of 45°, facing south (in
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 A.2 Apparatus. The apparatus shall consist of a the northern hemisphere) in an open location in
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thermostatically controlled bath which maintains such a manner that the specimen is exposed along
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the temperature of the heat transfer medium its whole length.


at 150 ± 2 °C. The heat transfer medium may be C.3 Procedure. Mount the pipe as described
polyethylene glycol or a mineral oil free from in C.2. After exposure for 700 sunshine hours
aromatic hydrocarbons. remove the pipe and cut it into specimens suitable
 A.3 Procedure. Suspend the test specimen in the for impact testing as described in Appendix D.
heat transfer medium by the end further from the Impact test the specimens by the method described
scribed marks in such a way that both scribed in Appendix D but using the lower striker mass
marks are completely immersed. Take care to specified in 7.4.
ensure that the specimen does not contact the sid es
The impact, or the first impact in the case of “round
or bottom of the bath. Immerse the test specimen in
the clock” testing, shall be made on a portion of the
the bath for a period determined as follows:
pipe which has been directly exposed to the
a) 15 min for pipe of wall thickness not greater southern aspect (in the northern hemisphere).
than 8.6 mm;
b) 30 min for pipe of wall thickness greater  Appendix D Test for impact resistance
than 8.6 mm but not greater than 14.1 mm. at 0 °C (batch test)
 After the specified immersion period, remove the
specimen from the bath, lay it on its side and allow D.1 Form of test specimen
it to cool to room temperature. Measure the distance Each specimen shall be a complete section of pipe, of
between the two scribed marks along the surface of a length equal to twice the nominal size or 150 mm,
the pipe and calculate the percentage change in whichever is the greater, subject to a maximum
length. length of 300 mm. The ends of the specimen shall be
cut clean and square to the axis of the pipe.
 Appendix B Test for resistance to heat For “round the clock” testing each s pecimen shall be
ageing (type test) marked with a longitudinal zero line and from this
line the number of further lines stated in Table 3
B.1 Form of test specimen shall be marked equidistantly.
Each test specimen shall be taken from a batch of NOTE For pipe of nominal size 2 and over specimens are
pipe that has satisfied the impact strength test subjected to impacts equally spaced around the pipe as an
described in Appendix D. Each specimen shall be a economy measure; this procedure is known as “round the clock”
testing.
complete section of pipe 150 mm long. The ends of
each specimen shall be cut clean and square to the D.2 Apparatus. A falling weight machine (a
axis of the pipe. suitable form of which is shown in Figure 1) shall be
used and shall consist essentially of the following:
B.2 Apparatus. An electrically-heated oven with a
circulating fan, the whole interior of which is a) A main frame which can be rigidly fixed in a
maintained automatically at a temperature true vertical position.
of 100 ± 2 °C. b) Guide rails, carried from the inside of the main
B.3 Procedure. Stand the test specimen vertically frame, on side bearings which can be adjusted to
in the oven, supported if necessary by a simple jig keep them parallel and vertical.
that has been preheated in the oven. After 500 h at c) A weighted striker which can fall f reely within
a temperature of 100 ± 2 °C remove the specimens the guide rails and which is equipped with a
from the oven and allow them to cool. Impact test hardened hemi-spherical striking surface 25 mm
the specimens by the method described in in diameter. The striking surface shall be free
 Appendix D but using the lower striker mass from flats and/or other imperfections.
specified in 7.3.

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BS 5391-1:1976

Figure 1 — Suitable impact testing machine


d) An appropriate set of weights which can be e) A specimen support, consisting of a 120° vee
firmly attached to the striker to enable the block at least 230 mm in length which is
combined mass of striker and weight to be positioned below the guide rails so that the tip of
adjusted to the values given in Table 4 and to half the striker is not more than 2.5 mm from the axis
these values. of the vee block.
Table 3 — Number of lines for “round the f) A release mechanism such that the striker can
clock” testing fall through a height of 2.0 ± 0.01 m on to the top
Nominal size Number of equidistant surface of the pipe specimen.
lines to be drawn g) Means for maintaining a constant height of fall
2 3 by vertical movement of either the vee block, the
3 4 release mechanism or the main frame, in order t o
accommodate different diameters of pipe.
4 6
6 8
8 12

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D.3 Procedure  Appendix E Short-term hydrostatic


D.3.1 Adjust the total mass of the striker to th e test (batch test)
value appropriate to the diameter of the p ipe under
test given in Table 4. E.1 Form of test specimen
D.3.2 Condition each specimen in a water bath for Each test specimen shall be a piece of pipe with a
at least 1 h prior to test at a temperature
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free length between fittings equal to 10 times the
outside diameter of the pipe, subject to a minimum
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of 0 + 1, – 0 °C. Test individual specimens



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within 10 s of removal from the bath. Allow the



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of 250 mm and a maximum of 750 mm.

striker to fall freely through 2 m on to the pipe


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E.2 Apparatus. The apparatus shall consist of a


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specimen which is centrally mounted on the vee thermostatically controlled bath maintained at a
block support. temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, and equipment that
Table 4 — Mass of striker permits the application of a controlled internal
hydrostatic pressure to the specimens to an
Nominal size of pipe Total mass of striker
accuracy of ± 2 %.
kg
E.3 Procedure. Connect the specimen to the
) 1 apparatus and apply the appropriate hydrostatic
" 1.25 pressure specified in Table 2. Ensure that the
specified pressure is achieved within 30 s to 40 s of
# 2
the first application of pressure and maintain it
1 2.25 with an accuracy of ± 2 % throughout the test.
1! 2.5 Maintain the specimen at a temperature
1" 3 of 20 ± 1 °C throughout the test.

2 4  Appendix F Long-term hydrostatic


3 5 test (type test)
4 6
F.1 Form of test specimen
6 7
The test sample shall be two pieces of pipe cut
8 9 adjacent to each other. Each piece of pipe shall have
D.3.3 Specimens from ) to 1" (inclusive) nominal a free length between end fittings equal t o 10 times
size shall be subjected to a single strike only. the outside diameter of the pipe, subject to a
minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 750 mm.
For pipe of nominal size 2 and above, adopt the
following procedure. Place the pipe on the vee block F.2 Apparatus. The apparatus shall consist of a
so that one of the marked lines is uppermost. Then thermostatically controlled bath maintained at a
allow the weighted striker to fall freely on to the temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, and equipment that
marked line on the pipe as described in D.3.2. permits the application of controlled internal
hydrostatic pressure to pipe specimens to an
If the specimen does not fail as a result of cracking accuracy of ± 2 %.
or splitting, rotate the specimen until the next
marked line is uppermost in the vee block, and F.3 Procedure. Determine the minimum wall
cause a second blow to be made by the striker. thickness and the mean outside diameter of each
Repeat the process until all the marked lines have specimen and calculate the internal pressure to be
been tested, or until a failure is recorded. applied from the formula:
If the required sequence of impacts has not been 2$ t
 P  = -------------
completed within 10 s, interrupt the procedure and  D – t
immediately recondition the specimen at a where
temperature of 0 + 1, – 0 °C for a further period of
at least 10 min.  P  is the pressure to be applied (in bar)
$ is the circumferential stress (in bar)
t is the minimum wall thickness (in mm)
 D is the mean outside diameter (in mm)

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For each test specimen choose circumferential  Appendix G Equivalent values of


stresses so that the first piece of pipe is expected to maximum sustained working
burst within a period of 1 h to 10 h and the second pressures and stress levels
piece of pipe is expected to burst within a period
of 100 h to 1 000 h. G.1 Maximum sustained working pressures
Connect the specimen to the apparatus and apply bar kgf/cm2 lbf/in2 head of water
the calculated hydrostatic pressure. Ensure that the
calculated pressure is achieved within 30 s to 40 s of m ft
the first application of the pressure and maintain it 6 6.12 86.7 60 200
with an accuracy of ± 2 % throughout the test.
9 9.19 130 90 300
Ensure that the temperature of the specimen is
maintained at 20 ± 1 °C throughout the test and 12 12.25 173 120 400
that the mean temperature throughout the test 15 15.30 217 150 500
is 20 ± 0.5 °C. Record the time at which each test
specimen fails. G.2 Stress levels
F.4 Assessment of results. For each size and class MPa bar kgf/cm2 lbf/in2
of pipe, enter the results for test specimens (i.e. two
pieces of pipe) on a log (stress) versus log (time) 7.5 75 77 1 090
graph. Subject the accumulated results to 11.0 110 112 1 590
regression analysis periodically so as to obtain
12.3 123 125 1 780
representative extrapolated 1 hour and 50 year
stress levels. 16.0 160 163 2 320
NOTE The extrapolated stress levels are obtained by 23.0 230 235 3 340
substituting the appropriate values for log (time), in the linear
regression equation for log (time) on log (stress). The regression 24.0 240 245 3 480
equation is calculated by the method of least squares.     -

26.0 260 265 3 770     -


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39.2 392 400 5 700   ,


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42.7 427 435 6 190   ,


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© BSI 04-1999
Copyright British Standards Institution
7
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BS 5391-1:1976

Publications referred to

BS 21, Pipe threads for tubes and fittings where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads.
BS 1710, Identification of pipelines.
BS 2782, Methods of testing plastics.
BS 3867, Outside diameters and pressure ratings of pipe of plastics materials.
BS 4159, Colour marking of plastics pipes to indicate pressure ratings.
BS 5392, Specification for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fittings for use with ABS pressure pipe.
BS 5392-1, Fittings for use with pipe for industrial uses.
CP 312, Plastics pipework (thermoplastics materials).

8
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1976
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