Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Worksheet

Ivany (18523081)
October 2019

1. Given a Matrix  
1 3
2 −4

(a) Find the eigenvalues

 of
 thematrix 
λ 0 1 3
det(λI − A) = −
0 λ 2 −4
 
λ−1 −3
=
−2 λ+4
= (λ − 1)(λ + 4) − (−3)(−2)
= λ2 + 3λ − 4 − 6 = 0
= λ2 + 3λ − 10 = 0
= (λ + 5)(λ − 2)
λ = −5 λ=2
(b) Find the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues found above!
AX = λ.x
F orλ = −5
i.     
−6 −3 x1 0
=
−2 1 x2 0
− 6x1 − 3x2 = 0
− 6x1 = 3x2
− 2x1 = 
 x2 
x1 −2
=
x2 1

ii. F
 orλ = 2     
1 −3 x1 0
=
−2 6 x2 0
x1 −3x2 
 =0
x1 −2
=
x2 1

1
2. Given a matrix  
2 2
5 −1

(a) Find the eigenvalues

 of
 thematrix 
λ 0 2 2
det(λI − B) = −
0 λ 5 −1
 
λ−2 −2
=
−5 λ+1
= (λ − 2)(λ + 1) − 10 = 0
= λ2 + λ − 2 − 10 = 0
= λ2 + λ − 12 = 0
= (λ − 4)(λ + 3)
λ=4 λ = −3
(b) Find the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues found above!
AX = λ.x
i. F
 orλ = 4     
2 −2 x1 0
=
−5 5 x2 0
− 5x1 − 5x2 = 0
− 5x1 = 5x2
1 =x2  
x
x1 −1
=
x2 1

F orλ = −3
ii.     
−5 −2 x1 0
=
−5 −2 x2 0
− 5x1 − 2x2 = 0
− 5x1 = 
 2x2 
x1 −5
=
x2 2

3. Given a matrix  
1 0 −1
1 0 0
−2 2 1

2
(a) Find the eigenvalues
 of the
 matrix
 
λ 0 0 1 0 −1
det(λI − C) =  0 λ 0  −  1 0 0 
0 0 λ −2 2 1
 
λ−1 0 1
= 1 λ 0 
2 −2 λ − 1
   
λ 0 −1 λ
=λ−1 −0+1
−2 λ − 1 2 −2
= (λ − 1)(λ2 − λ) + (2 − 2λ)
= λ3 − λ2 − λ2 + λ + 2 − 2λ
= λ2 − 2λ2 − λ + 2
= (λ − 1)(λ2 − λ − 2)
= (λ − 1)(λ − 2)(λ + 1)
λ = 1 λ = 1 λ = −1
(b) Find the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues found above!
AX = λ.x
i. F
orλ = 2    
1 0 1 x1 0
−1 2 0 x2  = 0
2 −2 1 x3 0
x1 = −x3
x1 = x2
1 −
2x 2x2+ x3 = 0
x1 0
x2  = 0
x3 0

ii. F
orλ = 1    
0 0 1 x1 0
−1 1 0 x2  = 0 = 0
2 −2 0 x3 0
x3 = 0
x1 = x2
1 =x2  
x
x1 1
x2  = 1
x3 0

F orλ = −1
iii.     
−2 0 1 x1 0
−1 −1 0  x2  = 0
2 −2 −2 x3 0

3
x3 = 2x1
x1 = −x2
2x1 − 2x2 − 2x3 = 0
− 2x3 = 4x2
− x3= 2x
 2 
x1 1
x2  = −1
x3 2