Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Fluid Fitting System: Product Handbook & Engineering Data

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)
Fluid Fitting System

Product Handbook & Engineering Data
Aerofit, Inc.
APT Laboratory
1425 South Acacia Avenue
Fullerton, CA 92831
Main: 714-521-5060
Fax: 714-535-9862
www.aerofit.com
Our Company:
Aerofit Products was formed on September 5, 1968 and APT Laboratories was
established as a hydro-mechanical testing laboratory in March 1972.
In March 2004 Aerofit Products and APT were acquired by the present owners
and renamed Aerofit, Inc.
Aerofit and APT have grown into one of the largest suppliers of standard and spe-
cialty fittings in the world. Our manufacturing and testing facilities now encom-
pass over 67,000 square feet.
Aerofit designs, manufactures and tests thousands of parts for application in mili-
tary aerospace, commercial aerospace, marine and nuclear markets. In addition to
proprietary parts, we also produce parts to customer specifications, and industry
standards.
Our goal is to supply our customers with economical, high quality fluid fitting sys-
tems and information through a modern production facility and responsive cus-
tomer support network.
Since it was founded, Aerofit has demonstrated its commitment to quality through
continuous improvement in its production and product support processing.
The SMA Fitting System
The SMA Fitting System
The SMA product line is a high performance fluid fitting system using the unique characteristics of Tinel, a shape
memory alloy material.
Many metals exhibit a phase change as they are heated and cooled. We can illustrate
this using a crude ‘stick and ball’ model of the metallic lattice.
The phase change is an instantaneous shear transformation between a body centered
cubic structure called austenite and a highly twinned martensite structure.
Shape Memory Alloys are a special class of alloys which not only change phase on
cooling or heating but have the particular characteristic of a low temperature phase
which gives the appearance of increased ductility.
The higher temperature austenitic structure
Austenite
has the characteristic stress strain curve of
Martesite
most metals.
The lower temperature martensitic structure
Stress
has a stress strain curve more like that of an

elastomer in which there is a ‘plateau’ stress.
2 4 6 8 All the deformation up to about 8% is “elastic” or in other words it can
Strain% be recovered but not by simply relaxing the stress while in the marten-
sitic condition.
Let’s go back to the ‘stick and ball’ model. We cool the material and it becomes martensitic. It does not change
shape by being cooled, but we can now deform it mechanically. If it stays cold it will remain deformed, but if
we allow it to warm up, the austenitic structure reappears and the material returns to its original shape.
This cycle from austenitic to martensitic to deformed martensitic and
back to austenitic is repeatable indefinitely and is what we call ‘free re- Cool
covery‘. It is important to note that it is a one way process.
At Aerofit a Tinel coupling or separable
end fitting is machined at room tempera-
ture, in its high strength (austenitic) state, Deform
Warm (max 8% strain)
to an inside diameter slightly smaller than
the pipes or tubes it is to join. The com-
ponent is then cooled in liquid nitrogen
and the metallurgical characteristics of the alloy change to a lower strength (mar-
tensitic) state. With the coupling in this lower strength, cooled state, a tapered
mandrel is driven through its center, expanding the inside diameter of the cou-
pling.
The coupling remains in cold storage in its expanded condition until ready for
Liquid Nitrogen Bath
use. It is then removed from this container and slipped over the tube or pipe ends
to be joined. As the coupling warms to room temperature, it reverts back to its
high-strength state and attempts to recover to its original shape while exerting
tremendous radial force. This permanent, live crimp action establishes a leak free, metal to metal seal between
the coupling and the tube or pipe throughout the life of the joint.
This product line includes permanent couplings called CryoFit and separable end fittings called CryOlive (flare-
less) and CryoFlare (flared). CryoFlare is also available in a lightweight version.
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The SMA Fitting System is designed for use on 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 psi hydraulic systems that incor-
porate titanium, stainless steel, and aluminum tubing materials. The SMA Fitting System is easier and less costly
to install than such traditional joining methods as welding, brazing, and swaging. It meets or exceeds the burst,
impulse, and fatigue requirements of welded or brazed joints.
SMA FITTING SYSTEM BENEFITS:
Aerofit, Inc.’s SMA fitting system is an excellent example of a product that helps customers dramatically reduce
traditional assembly process costs and offers many advantages such as:
1. No expensive tooling
2. Limited access capability
3. No leaks
4. Light weight
5. Visual inspection
6. Quick & easy installation
7. Technical support
8. No hot work or flushing
9. No X-ray
1. No expensive tooling - Since installation tools are not required, SMA fittings can be installed with equal ease
on or off an aircraft, producing separable or permanent joints of the highest quality and reliability.
In comparison with alternative methods, process throughput increases have been demonstrated without any
additional investment in manpower or capital. Dramatic reductions in production flow time, manufacturing
labor and required skill level are achievable.
2. Limited access capability - Installation of a the SMA Fitting System can be easily achieved in densely packed,
tight access areas due to the unique toolless package. The installer needs only his/her hand, which allows for
simple installation in any area accessible by the installer’s fingers.
3. No leaks – The SMA Fitting System’s product lines are tailored to the demanding performance requirements
of the aerospace industry. It has been thoroughly tested and approved and meets or exceeds high-performance
aircraft fitting requirements, including AS18280, AS85421, AS85720, and major OEM specifications. The
CryoFit coupling is rated up to 5000 PSI working pressure, and provides a highly reliable metal to metal con-
nection that is both leak proof and permanent.
4. Light weight – Since no bulky tooling is required designers can eliminate the need for “tool access” bends.
CryoFit’s tool-less installation

allows simplest, lightest design
Tool envelope - must be
designed in for external swage
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The SMA system can be installed adjacent to bends because no tool en-
velope spacing is required allowing the designer to reduce tube length Reduced Tube Length
and system weight.
As a reference the CryoFlare and CryOlive end fittings are about 10% Axially Swaged
lighter than a comparable welded on fitting.
5. Visual Inspection – Preparation, installation, and inspection of a SMA
joint takes only seconds, reducing overall installation costs and produc-
ing a superior joint. Dissimilar pipe and tube materials may be con-
nected to each other, since Tinel does not support galvanic corrosion.
Additionally, tubes with different wall thicknesses can be connected.
6. Quick & easy installation – The installation of an SMA fitting takes about SMA
5 seconds. Operators with minimal training easily install SMA fittings,
producing consistent results. No bulky swaging tools or welding equip-
ment are required. The entire pipe or tube preparation, installation and
inspection of a joint takes only minutes and is a fraction of the time required for welding or brazing
7. Technical Support – Requests for quotes or general pricing information are handled quickly. Aerofit, Inc.
encourages customers to call for answers to technical questions on applications, installation and product
design. Prompt response to these inquiries is aimed at the most proficient and cost effective use of Aerofit,
Inc.’s products
All of Aerofit, Inc.’s products are evaluated and qualified in the company’s own testing facilities and indepen-
dent laboratories. Validation of product performance is proven through extensive testing of sealing integrity,
flexure fatigue, impulse and burst strength. Product quality, reliability and consistency are ensured by careful
control of raw materials and the use of statistical process control during machining. Aerofit, Inc. also main-
tains complete documentation and traceability at each step of the manufacturing process. The company is
both NADCAP and AS9100 certified.
8. No hot work or flushing – Unlike welding and brazing, SMA Fitting installation presents no danger of damage
to neighboring components from flame or splatter. It produces no contaminants, so does not require fume
extraction. Since it is installed directly on clean pipe or tube without contamination of the system by flux,
slag or oxides, there is no need to flush the system.
9. No X-ray - Inspecting the SMA installation simply requires verifying that the fitting lines up with the prein-
stallation position marks. It does not require x-ray certified inspectors or expensive equipment.
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Couplings & Compatibles
COUPLINGS AND COMPATIBLES - CRYOFIT
Introduction
CryoFit couplings and CryoyFit Compatible fitting shapes are
complete systems used in joining aerospace tubing. The CryoFit
CryoFit Couplings fitting system combines superior performance and high reli-
ability with easy installation and inspection. The CryoFit sys-
tem consists of SMA couplings and a wide array of non SMA
shape fittings (tees, elbows, crosses, etc.).
The compact, one piece CryoFit coupling is manufactured

from Tinel, a nickel-titanium alloy with shape memory char-
acteristics.
CryoFit Compatable
CryoFit Compatible fittings are manufactured from titanium,
and in conjunction with the CryoFit coupling, they produce a
complete system. An extensive selection of fittings is available for both separable and permanent connections.
CryoFit Couplings are installed by simply positioning the coupling at a tube joint or tube and CryoFit Compat-
ible fitting leg, and allowing the coupling to warm from its cryogenic storage temperature. As it warms, the
coupling shrinks and crimps down on the tube or compatible fitting with tremendous radial force, forming a
permanent, metal to metal seal by coining the surface of the tube.
CryoFit couplings are easier and less costly to install than traditional joining methods such as welding, brazing
and swaging. Installation of a CryoFit coupling can be easily achieved in densely packed, tight access areas due
to the unique tool less package. The package allows for simple installation in any area accessible by the installer’s
fingers. Preparation, installation, and inspection of a CryoFit joint takes only seconds, reducing overall installa-
tion costs.
The shape memory capability of Tinel ensures that the couplings always
shrink with the same force, making consistent, repeatable connections.
CryoFit fitting systems meet or exceed high performance aircraft fitting
requirements, including AS85421, AS85720, AS18280, ISO7169 and
Expanded couplings have an inside
OEM specifications. diameter slightly larger than the tube
outside diameter
The accuracy of a CryoFit installation is easily verified. A quick visual
inspection ensures that the couplings have been properly positioned.
The CryoFit fitting systems have an outstanding record of over 39 years

of leak free performance in the demanding aerospace industry. Their
permanent, live crimp action creates a metal to metal seal that is often As the coupling warms and recovers
stronger than the tubing it joins. it swagers on the tubing generating a
highly reliable metal to metal seal
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2000 PSI CRYOFIT COUPLINGS
2PHS111 COUPLING
A B
A B C
PART NUMBER TUBE SIZE EXPANDED RECOVERED +.010
(MIN) (MAX) RECOVERED
2PHS111-20 1.250 1.259 1.517 2.322
2PHS111-24 1.500 1.510 1.724 2.500
NOTES:
1. RECOVERED DIMENSIONS ARE FOR A FREELY RECOVERED COUPLING I.E., NOT INSTALLED ON TUBING.
2. MATERIAL: TINEL ALLOY
3. COUPLING IS INTENDED FOR USE IN FLUID SYSTEMS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE UP TO 2000 PSI.
4. PART NUMBER EXAMPLE:
2PHS111 – 24
BASIC PART NUMBER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE IN .062

INCREMENTS
5. DRY FILM LUBRICANT ON TAIL ONLY
6. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES.
7. COUPLINGS SHALL BE PERMANENTLY AND LEGIBLY MARKED WITH MANUFACTURERS IDENTIFICA-
TION, PART NUMBER AND LOT NUMBER.
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14 MPa (2000 PSI) METRIC CRYOFIT COUPLINGS
M2PHS111 METRIC COUPLING
A B
A B C NOMINAL
PART NUMBER TUBE SIZE EXPANDED RECOVERED +.030 WEIGHT
(MIN) (MAX) RECOVERED (GRAMS)
M2PHS111-08 8 8.15 10.4 22.3 3.8

M2PHS111-12 12 12.2 14.4 29.5 6.9
M2PHS111-16 16 16.2 19.0 36.9 14
M2PHS111-18 18 18.22 21.4 40.7 20
M2PHS111-22 22 22.23 26.1 48.3 35
M2PHS111-28 28 28.23 33.1 59.5 69
NOTES:
3. COUPLING IS INTENDED FOR USE IN FLUID SYSTEMS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE UP TO 14 MPa (2000
PSI).
M2PHS111 – 12
BASIC PART NUMBER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE

6. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
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3PHS111 COUPLING
A B
A B C NOMINAL
PART NUMBER TUBE SIZE EXPANDED RECOVERED RECOVERED WEIGHT
(MIN) (MAX) (GRAMS)
3PHS111-04 .250 .255 .350 .971 / .991 .009

3PHS111-06 .375 .381 .492 1.292 / 1.312 .020
3PHS111-08 .500 .508 .649 1.594 / 1.614 .043
3PHS111-10 .625 .633 .814 1.897 / 1.917 .081
3PHS111-12 .750 .759 .971 2.205 / 2.225 .133
3PHS111-16 1.00 1.009 1.293 2.835 / 2.855 .302
3PHS111-20 1.250 1.259 1.505 2.496 / 2.516 .280
3PHS111-24 1.500 1.510 1.705 2.674 / 2.694 .290
NOTES:
4.PART NUMBER EXAMPLE:
3PHS111 – 08

INCREMENTS
TION, PART NUMBER AND LOT NUMBER
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4PHS111 COUPLING
A B
A B C NOMINAL
PART NUMBER TUBE SIZE EXPANDED RECOVERED RECOVERED WEIGHT
(MIN) (MAX) (GRAMS)
4PHS111-04 .250 .255 .345 .687 / .707 .005

4PHS111-06 .375 .381 .533 .937 / .958 .018
4PHS111-08 .500 .508 .664 1.178 / 1.198 .031
4PHS111-10 .625 .633 .815 1.426 / 1.446 .057
4PHS111-12 .750 .759 .961 1.678 / 1.698 .087
4PHS111-14 .875 .884 1.118 1.920 / 1.960 .139
4PHS111-16 1.00 1.009 1.275 2.170 / 2.210 .208
4PHS111-20 1.250 1.259 1.589 2.700 / 2.740 .397
NOTES:
4PHS111 – 08

INCREMENTS
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5PHS111 COUPLING
A B
A B C NOMINAL
PART NUMBER TUBE SIZE EXPANDED RECOVERED +.010 WEIGHT
(MIN) (MAX) RECOVERED (GRAMS)
5PHS111-04 .250 .255 .345 .709 .006

5PHS111-06 .375 .381 .505 .962 .016
5PHS111-08 .500 .508 .670 1.216 .035
5PHS111-10 .625 .633 .836 1.473 .066
5PHS111-12 .750 .759 1.003 1.739 .112
5PHS111-16 1.00 1.009 1.334 2.272 .259
NOTES:
3PHS111 – 08

INCREMENTS
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CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES PERMANENT FITTINGS
STRAIGHT
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

PICTURE DESCRIPTION NON REDUCER EXAMPLE EXPANDER
OR REDUCER
XPHS 112
XPHS112-10 XPHS112-10-08
Port #2 ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
SEALING
4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #1 BASIC NUMBER
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS113
XPHS113-10 XPHS113-10-08
Port #2 ADAPTER,
NON SEALING
UNJF THREAD BASIC NUMBER
(.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS144
XPHS144-10 XPHS144-10-08
ADAPTER,
Port #2
NON SEALING 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
UNJF THREAD 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
Port #1 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS114
XPHS114-10 XPHS114-10-08
Port #2 ADAPTER, 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
BULKHEAD 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
(THICK) 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
SEALING BASIC NUMBER
Port #1
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS119
XPHS119-10-08
Port #2
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
UNION NA (.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1
BASIC NUMBER
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OR REDUCER
XPHS123 XPHS123-10
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & NA

PLUG (.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI
4=4000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #1 5=5000 PSI
XPHS124 XPHS124-10 XPHS124-10-08

ADAPTER, 2=2000 PSI 2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & TUBE SIZE PORT #
SEALING, NA
Port #1 Port #2 FLANGED HEX 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS128 XPHS128-10
ADAPTER,
BULKHEAD,
BLANK, 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 &
SEALING, 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) NA
FLANGED HEX 4=4000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #1 NON REDUCER 5=5000 PSI
Port #2
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ELBOW

OR REDUCER
XPHS211
XPHS211-10 XPHS211-10-08
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
ELBOW, 90˚
Port #1 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS212
XPHS212-10 XPHS212-10-08
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
ELBOW, 45˚ 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS213
XPHS213-10 XPHS213-10-08
ELBOW, 90˚, 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
Port #1 SEALING 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS214
XPHS214-10 XPHS214 10-08
Port #1
SEALING 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS215
XPHS215-10 XPHS215-10-08
Port #1 NON SEALING 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
UNJF THREAD 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
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OR REDUCER
XPHS236 XPHS236-10 XPHS236-10-08
BULKHEAD NON 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 SEALING UNJF 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
THREAD 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS216 XPHS216-10 XPHS216-10-08

ELBOW, 45˚,
BULKHEAD NON 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
SEALING UNJF
THREAD 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS238 XPHS238-10 XPHS238-10-08
ELBOW, 45˚,
BULKHEAD NON 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #
Port #1 SEALING UNJF
THREAD 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS 228 XPHS228-10 XPHS228-10-08

Port #1
SEALING 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
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TEE & CROSS

OR REDUCER
XPHS311 XPHS311-10 XPHS311-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2 & #3 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
Port #2 TEE 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1
BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
Port #3 TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS312 XPHS312-10 XPHS312-10-08-10
Port #2
TEE BULKHEAD, 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2 & #3 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
SEALING ON 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
RUN 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #1 BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS313 XPHS313-10 XPHS313-10-08-10
Port #1 Port #2 TEE BULKHEAD, 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2 & #3 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
SEALING ON
SIDE BRANCH 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS314 XPHS314-10 XPHS314-10-08-10

Port #1 Port #2 TEE BULKHEAD
ON RUN NON 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
SEALING UNJF 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
THREAD BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
Port #3 TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS344
XPHS344-10 XPHS344-10-08-10
Port #1 Port #2 TEE BULKHEAD 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2 & #3 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
ON RUN NON 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
SEALING UNJF 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
THREAD 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
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OR REDUCER
XPHS315
XPHS315-10 XPHS315-10-08-10
Port #1 Port #2 TEE BULHEAD
ON SIDE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2 & #3 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
BRANCH NON
SEALING UNJF BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
THREAD 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS345
XPHS345-10 XPHS345-10-08-10
Port #1 Port #2 TEE BULHEAD
ON SIDE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2 & #3 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
BRANCH NON
SEALING UNJF BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
THREAD TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHSC1
XPHSC1-10 XPHSC1-10-08-10
Port #4
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1, #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
Port #1 CROSS 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
BASIC NUMBER TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #2 (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
Port #3
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CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES BEAMSEAL FITTINGS
STRAIGHT

OR REDUCER
XPHS115 XPHS115-10 XPHS115-10-08
Port #1
ADAPTER MALE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
BEAMSEAL 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BULKHEAD 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
Port #2
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS143 XPHS143-10 XPHS143-10-08

Port #1
ADAPTER MALE (.062 INCREMENTS) (.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI 3=3000 PSI
BEAMSEAL
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
XPHS122
XPHS122-10 XPHS122-10-08
Port #1
BEAMSEAL TO 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
SEALING WITH 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
FLANGED HEX BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
XHPS129
XPHS129-10 XPHS129-10-08
Port #1
SEALING BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
Port #2
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS130
XPHS130-10 XPHS130-10-08
Port #1
THICK BULK- 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
HEAD SEALING 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
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OR REDUCER
XPHS134 XPHS134-10 XPHS134-10-08
Port #1
ADAPTER AS- 2=2000 PSI 2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 TUBE SIZE PORT #2
SEMBLY FEMALE 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BEAMSEAL 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
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ELBOW

OR REDUCER
XPHS217 XPHS217-10 XPHS217-10-08
ELBOW 90˚ AS- 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS218
XPHS218-10 XPHS218-10-08
ELBOW 90˚ 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
MALE BEAMSEAL 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 BULKHEAD 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS219
XPHS219-10 XPHS219-10-08
ELBOW 45˚ AS- 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
Port #1
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS220
XPHS220-10 XPHS220-10-08
Port #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
XPHS221
XPHS221-10 XPHS221-10-08
ELBOW 60˚ AS- 2=2000 PSI 2=2000 PSI
BEAMSEAL TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI
Port #1 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
22 www.aerofit.com
OR REDUCER
XPHS222 XPHS222-10 XPHS222-10-08
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS229
XPHS229-10 XPHS229-10-08
ELBOW 90˚
MALE BEAMSEAL 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
THICK 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
23 www.aerofit.com
TEE

OR REDUCER
XPHS317 XPHS317-10 XPHS317-10-08-10
TEE BULKHEAD 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
Port #1 MALE 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2
BEAMSEAL ON 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
SIDE BRANCH 5=5000 PSI BASIC NUMBER 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS324 XPHS324-10 XPHS324-10-08-10
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
TEE BULKHEAD & #3 (.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI 3=3000 PSI
MALE BEAMSEAL (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 Port #2 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
ON RUN (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI BASIC NUMBER 5=5000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS348
XPHS348-10 XPHS348-10-08-10
TEE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
MALE BEAMSEAL 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2 ON SIDE 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #1
5=5000 PSI BASIC NUMBER 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS349
XPHS349-10 XPHS349-10-08-10
TEE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
MALE BEAMSEAL 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 Port #2 ON SIDE AND 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
RUN 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS326
XPHS326-10 XPHS326-10-08-10
Port #1
FEMALE 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2 BEAMSEAL ON (.062 INCREMENTS) TUBE SIZE PORT #2
4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI
SIDE BRANCH 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
24 www.aerofit.com
OR REDUCER
XPHS327 XPHS327-10 XPHS327-10-08-10
Port #1
FEMALE 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BEAMSEAL 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
ON RUN 5=5000 PSI BASIC NUMBER 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS332
XPHS332-10 XPHS332-10-08-10
Port #1 Port #2 MALE & #3 (.062 INCREMENTS)
3=3000 PSI 3=3000 PSI
BEAMSEAL ON 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS318
XPHS318-10 XPHS318-10-08-10
TEE BULKHEAD 2=2000 PSI 2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 TUBE SIZE PORT #3
MALE 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2 BEAMSEAL ON (.062 INCREMENTS) TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #1 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI
SIDE BRANCH 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
25 www.aerofit.com
CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES FLARELESS FITTINGS
STRAIGHT

OR REDUCER
XPHS116 XPHS116-10 XPHS116-10-08
Port #1 ADAPTER MALE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
FLARELESS 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
Port #2
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS151
XPHS151-10 XPHS151-10-08
Port #1 ADAPTER MALE 2=2000 PSI 2=2000 PSI
BULKHEAD TUBE SIZE PORT #1
4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI
SEALING 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
BASIC NUMBER
XPHS117
XPHS117-10 XPHS117-10-08
Port #1
ADAPTER MALE 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
FLARELESS 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
XPHS142
XPHS142-10 XPHS142-10-08
Port #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
XPHS126
XPHS126-10 XPHS126-10-08
Port #1
ADAPTER 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
FEMALE 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
FLARELESS 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
26 www.aerofit.com
ELBOW

OR REDUCER
XPHS223 XPHS223-10 XPHS223-10-08
FEMALE 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 FLARELESS 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS224 XPHS224-10 XPHS224-10-08
MALE FLARELESS 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS206
XPHS206-10 XPHS206-10-08
THICK 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #1 BULKHEAD BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS225 XPHS225-10 XPHS225-10-08
FEMALE
FLARELESS BASIC NUMBER (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
XPHS230
XPHS230-10 XPHS230-10-08
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
27 www.aerofit.com
OR REDUCER
XPHS231
XPHS231-10 XPHS231-10-08
ELBOW 90˚
MALE FLARELESS 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & #2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #1 EXPANDER OR 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
REDUCER 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
28 www.aerofit.com
TEE

OR REDUCER
XPHS320 XPHS320-10 XPHS320-10-08-10
TEE FEMALE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
Port #2 FLARELESS ON 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
SIDE BRANCH 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS325 XPHS325-10 XPHS325-10-08-10

TEE MALE
BULKHEAD ON 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
RUN 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #2 FLARELESS ON 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #1
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS343 XPHS343-10 XPHS343-10-08-10
TEE MALE
2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
BULKHEAD ON
3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
RUN (.062 INCREMENTS)
Port #1 FLARELESS ON (.062 INCREMENTS)
SIDE BRANCH TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS328 XPHS328-10 XPHS328-10-08-10
FLARELESS ON 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
RUN 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #2
Port #1 5=5000 PSI BASIC NUMBER 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
29 www.aerofit.com
OR REDUCER
XPHS329 XPHS329-10 XPHS329-10-08-10
TEE MALE 2=2000 PSI 2=2000 PSI
TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 TUBE SIZE PORT #3
FLARELESS 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BULKHEAD ON (.062 INCREMENTS) TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #1 Port #2 4=4000 PSI 4=4000 PSI
RUN 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BASIC NUMBER
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS330 XPHS330-10 XPHS330-10-08-10
TEE MALE 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #3
Port #1 Port #2 SIDE BRANCH 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
XPHS333 XPHS333-10 XPHS333-10-08-10

Port #1 Port #2 FLARELESS 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BULKHEAD ON 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS334 XPHS334-10 XPHS334-10-08-10
Port #2 RUN 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
XPHS341 XPHS341-10 XPHS341-10-08-10
AND MALE 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
FLARELESS ON 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
Port #2 RUN 5=5000 PSI 5=5000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
TUBE SIZE PORT #1
Port #3
30 www.aerofit.com
CRYOFIT COMPATIBLES FLARED FITTINGS
STRAIGHT

OR REDUCER
XPHS121 XPHS121-10 XPHS121-10-08
Port #1
ADAPTER 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
MALE FLARED (.062 INCREMENTS)
XPHS133
XPHS133-10 XPHS133-10-08
Port #1
ADAPTER 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1,#2 2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #2
MALE FLARED 3=3000 PSI & #3 3=3000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS)
BULKHEAD 4=4000 PSI (.062 INCREMENTS) 4=4000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1
BASIC NUMBER
Port #2
BASIC NUMBER
31 www.aerofit.com
Installation CRYOFIT COUPLING AND CROYFIT CAMPATIBLE FITTING
SHAPES
I. INTRODUCTION
CryoFit couplings are used to permanently join hydraulic and pneumatic tubing. A one piece union, the
CryoFit coupling is made with an alloy called Tinel that has shape memory properties. The couplings are
shipped and stored in liquid nitrogen prior to installation. Upon receipt, the CryoFit coupling will have an
inside diameter which is larger than the outside diameter of the tubes to be joined. When the coupling is
removed from liquid nitrogen, slipped over the two tube ends and allowed to warm to room temperature,
it will shrink to an inside diameter which is smaller than the outside diameter of the tubes. Compression of
the tubes will occur and a permanent connection will result.
CryoFit couplings should be removed from their storage containers and installed only by personnel who have
been properly trained in the handling of liquid nitrogen and CryoFit couplings. Please see Section D for stor-
age, handling and safety of liquid nitrogen.
II. INSTALLATION TOOLS

CryoFit couplings are installed using simple tools. The function of each tool is described as follows:
1) CRYOFIT INSTALLATION PACKAGE (Figure 1): An outer shell sur-

rounding each coupling enables the installer to grasp the coupling
during installation and also insulates the coupling during installation,
thereby extending the installation time. Once installed the package is
removed and discarded.
Figure 1
CRYOFIT
COUPLING IN
2) TEST COUPLING (Figure 2): Used to: INSTALLATION
PACKAGE
a) Ensure proper tube alignment
b) Check the gap between the tube ends Figure 2
c) Check the O.D. of the tube for proper size TEST COUPLING
3) TUBE CHILLER (Figure 3): A felt lined clamp used to cool the tube prior to installing the coupling,
extending installation time for difficult or awkward installations.
Figure 3
TUBE CHILLER
32 www.aerofit.com
4) MARKING GAUGE (Figure 4): Used with pen to apply the
installation mark (witness mark) on each tube.
Figure 4
MARKING GAUGE
5) INSTALLATION STOP (Figure 5): O-ring or “U-shaped” plastic

snap on clamp (used on tubes), to aid in positioning the
coupling properly.
Figure 5
INSTALLATION STOP
Snap-on Fixture O-ring
6) MARKING PEN: Used with the marking gauge to establish the installation mark on the tubes prior to
installation. Use a low chloride level pen such as the Panduit #PFX-0.
7) WORK BOX (Figure 6): A small insulated container used to transport couplings
from the storage area to the work area.
Figure 6
WORKBOX
8) GLOVES: Used to handle tools that have been chilled in liquid nitrogen.
9) SPRAY CHILLER BOTTLE (Figure 7): An alternative method for chilling the tube.
It performs the same function as the tube chiller.
Figure 7
CRYOGUN
10) TONGS (Figure 8): Instrument used to transfer and remove couplings and installation package
assemblies from workbox.
Figure 8
TONGS
33 www.aerofit.com
III. PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION
Ensure the couplings have been stored properly and the tubes are properly prepared. If a coupling shrinks before
being installed on a tube, it should be returned for re-expansion.
III(a) INSPECTION OF COUPLING INSIDE DIAMETER (I.D.)

If there is reason to believe that a coupling has been warmed (perhaps because of a low liquid nitrogen level in
the dewar or previous removal from liquid nitrogen), its I.D. can be checked as follows:
1) Obtain a length of the same size tubing as the coupling, approximately 6 inches long.
2) Cool the end of the tube in liquid nitrogen until boiling stops.
3) Being careful to keep the coupling in the liquid nitrogen, insert the tube into the coupling. The tube
should easily slip through the entire bore of the coupling.
4) If the tube cannot pass through the coupling, the coupling should be removed from stock and returned
for re-expansion.
III(b) TUBE PREPARATION

The following steps will ensure that the tube is properly prepared for the coupling installation. This procedure
describes the replacement of existing tube sections as well as new installations on the aircraft.
1) Mark the tube at the point where cuts must be made to remove the damaged section. Generally, a length
of straight tube equal to the coupling length must remain after the damaged section is removed.
2) Cut the tube at the marks, using a roller type cutter to avoid generating chips which could contaminate
the system. Deburr the tube ends.
3) Cut and deburr a splice tube to replace the damaged section which has been removed. The splice tube
should butt against the remaining tube ends if possible. A maximum gap of .120 inch between the tube
ends is permissible.
4) Inspect all tube ends to be sure they are free of burrs and conform to any applicable specifications.
5) Tubing within 1/2 coupling length of the end should be free of deep scratches. If necessary, scratches
can be removed by polishing with 400 grit or finer abrasive in the circumferential direction.
IV. INSTALLATION PROCESS

The processes for installing couplings, elbows, tees and fittings are similar. With fittings, some steps are re-
peated.
IV(a) TUBE TO TUBE INSTALLATION

1) Obtain the proper CryoFit couplings and installation tools.
2) Clean and dry any hydraulic fluid from the tube ends which might interfere with marking the tubes.
3) Slip a test coupling over the tube ends to ensure that the tubes are round and free from burrs. The test
coupling should slide freely.
34 www.aerofit.com
4) Position the test coupling so that both tubes are visible in the coupling window. The tubes should be
butted together if possible; however, if both tubes are visible, the gap is deemed acceptable (less than .120”
or 3mm).
5) Several methods are available for marking the tube to insure the proper positioning of the coupling. Two
methods of tube marking will be discussed. The first method uses a marking gauge and a pen to mark a
band on each tube at the proper distance from the end. Place the marking gauge over the tube end. Using
the marking pen, color the tube in the rectangular slot in the marking gauge. Repeat the process on the
other tube (Figure 8).
FIGURE 8
MARKING GAUGE
INSTALLATION MARK
When you do not have a markingMARKING

gauge, the
PENtubes can be pre-marked with an installation band by
measuring the distance from the end of the tube. In this method the installation band is marked around
each tube at the proper distance from the end (See Figure 9).
FIGURE 9
TUBE INSTALLATION BAND LOCATION
B
LOCATION BAND A
2PHS111 3PHS111 4PHS111 5PHS111
Tube A Min B Max A Min B Max A Min B Max A Min B Max

Size Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube
Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion Insertion
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch)
1/4 0.487 0.607 0.34 0.67 0.289 0.409 0.294 0.414

3/8 0.613 0.733 0.501 0.801 0.414 0.534 0.421 0.54
1/2 0.665 0.785 0.652 0.952 0.533 0.653 0.547 0.667
5/8 0.81 0.93 0.804 1.104 0.656 0.776 0.675 0.795
3/4 0.94 1.06 0.958 1.258 0.78 0.9 0.806 0.926
7/8 1.09 1.21 0.905 1.025
1 1.25 1.37 1.273 1.573 1.029 1.149 1.075 1.195
1-1/4 1.53 1.65 1.103 1.403 1.294 1.414 1.1 1.22
1-1/2 1.27 1.39 1.192 1.492 1.185 1.308 1.185 1.305
35 www.aerofit.com
6) To aid in positioning the coupling, place an installation stop in the middle of the mark. Check the location
by positioning the test coupling so that it is butted against the stop. Both tube ends should be visible in the
window and the test coupling should cover approximately half the installation mark on each tube (Figure
10). Adjust the tubes and installation stops if necessary. Remove the test coupling.
FIGURE 10
INSTALLATION MARK
INSTALLATION STOP
7) Tube chiller use is optional but, recommended for sizes 04 through 08 and for aluminum tubing. Place
cooled tube chiller over the tube to be joined (Figure 11). Remove the chiller after 20-30 seconds. As an
alternative, spray the tubes with liquid nitrogen using the Spray Chiller Bottle. Spray the tubes (1-1/2)
coupling length on both tubes) for 20 to 30 seconds. Placing the CryoFit coupling in contact with a tube
which has not been pre-chilled with liquid nitrogen may initiate premature warming and shrinkage of
the coupling.
FIGURE 11
TUBE CHILLER
8) The following steps should be performed sequentially and without delay:

a) Cool the tubes to be joined and remove the chiller if used.
b) Using cooled tongs, remove the CryoFit installation package from the liquid nitrogen and grasp the
package between the thumb and forefinger.
c) Deflect the tube without the installation stop to allow the coupling to be slipped over the end.
d) Slip the coupling onto the tube, realign the tubes and slide the coupling against the installation stop
(Figure 12).
FIGURE 12
INSTALLATION STOP
CRYOFIT COUPLING IN
INSTALLATION PACKAGE
36 www.aerofit.com
e) Check to see that the coupling is against the installation stop and that the deflected tube has been inserted
into the coupling to the installation marks (Figure 13).
FIGURE 13
GOOD INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION MARKS
f) Allow the coupling to warm and shrink onto the tube. Remove the CryoFit installation package and the
installation stop.
g) Verify that both ends of the coupling lie within the installation marks on both tubes (Figure 13). If one
or both ends do not touch the installation marks, the installation is incorrect and must be removed.
IV(b) INSTALLATION OF FITTING TO TUBE:
Tees, elbows, and other fittings are installed by connecting each leg of the fitting to a tube with a CryoFit cou-
pling. The installation procedure is similar to that used in connecting two tubes.
1) Obtain the proper CryoFit couplings, installation packages, fittings, and installation tools. With the fitting
in position, the gap between the fitting legs and the adjoining tubing must be less than .120 inches or
3mm. The test coupling should be used to ensure this gap. Refer to Section IV (a), Step 4.
2) On all fitting legs to be joined, slip an O-ring over each fitting leg and place in the center of the etched
installation band (Figure 14).
FIGURE 14
O-RING
3) Position the fitting so that all legs are aligned with the tubing. Slip a test coupling over each fitting leg. The
test coupling should slide freely. With the test coupling butted against the O-ring, the fitting leg and tub-
ing ends must be visible in the test coupling window and the opposite end of the test coupling must fall
37 www.aerofit.com
within the installation mark on the tubes. Adjust the tubes and O-rings if necessary (Figure 15). Remove
the test coupling from one leg.
FIGURE 15
FITTING LEG AND TUBE TEST COUPLING

END MUST BE VISIBLE
IN EACH WINDOW
4) Using one or more tube chillers, cool the tube and one leg of the fitting. Leave the remaining test couplings
in position on the other leg(s) to ensure proper positioning. Additionally, the spray chiller bottle can also
be used to cool the leg and tubing.
5) The following steps should be performed sequentially without delay:
a) Remove the tube chiller(s), if used, from the leg to be joined.
b) Remove the CryoFit installation package from liquid nitrogen with pre cooled tongs and grasp the
package between thumb and forefinger.
c) Deflect the tube and slip the coupling over the tube.
d) Realign the tube. Slide the coupling against the O-ring on the fitting leg (Figure 16).
FIGURE 16
CRYOFIT COUPLING IN
INSTALLATION PACKAGE
e) Check to ensure that the coupling has been properly positioned against the O-ring, and that the tube
has been inserted into the coupling to the installation mark. Also be certain that the remaining fitting
legs are in proper alignment; adjust if required (Figure 17).
38 www.aerofit.com
FIGURE 17
GOOD INSTALLATION
COUPLING TOUCHES OR
COVERS INSTALLATION
BAND ON LEG
f) Allow the coupling to warm and shrink into position. Remove the CryoFit installation package and
O-ring.
6) If the inspection of the coupling indicates that the coupling is not properly installed, then the fitting must
be replaced.
V. CRYOFIT COUPLINGS AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION TOOLS

3PHS111 Series CryoFit Couplings
Tube Coupling Test Marking Tube Chiller Installation
Size Part Coupling Gauge Part Number Stop
-OD Number Part Number Part Number Part Number
1/4 3PHS111-04 TC3PHS111-04 MG3PHS111-04 910415-01 SC4/5PHS111-04
1 3PHS111-16 TC3PHS111-16 MG3PHS111-16 910415-02 SC4/5PHS111-16
1 1/4 3PHS111-20 TC3PHS111-20 MG3PHS111-20 910415-03 SC4/5PHS111-20

1 1/4 2PHS111-20 TC2PHS111-20 MG2PHS111-20 910415-03
39 www.aerofit.com
M4PHS111 Series CryoFit Couplings
5 M4PHS111-05 TCM4PHS111-05 MGM4PHS111-04 910415-01 SCM4PHS111-05
20 M4PHS111-20 TCM4PHS111-20 MGM4PHS111-20 910415-02 SSCM4PHS11-20

40 www.aerofit.com
Design Guide CRYOFIT PRODUCTS
1.0 Introduction
Good design practices, common to all tubing systems, should be followed when using CryoFit fittings.
The use of these couplings will allow lines to be spaced closer together while still maintaining the nec-
essary access for installations.
2.0 Installation Clearance
In designing a tube system using CryoFit couplings, the assembly technique must be considered to assure
that sufficient space is provided for coupling installation. It is this installation clearance which limits the
spacing of adjacent hydraulic lines and components. The CryoFit system often allows a closer spacing than
alternate methods. The spacing and clearances noted in this document are the minimums recommended
for standard CryoFit installations.
2.1 Radial Clearance
The clearance required between CryoFit coupling installations is determined by the clearance required for
removal of the installation package. The required clearance between two parallel tubes is listed in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1
MINIMUM TUBE SPACING
TUBE A
SIZE MINIMUM
(IN)
1/4” .255
3/8” .337
A 1/2” .382
5/8” .441
3/4” .488
7/8” .550
1” .610
1-1/4” .725
1-1/2” .934
Figure 2 shows the CryoFit coupling in the installation package. Sufficient clearance must be provided in or-
der to remove the installation package after the coupling is installed.
FIGURE 2
INSTALLATION PACKAGE CLEARANCE
DASH
NUMBER A B A B A B A B
A COUPLING 4 0.981 0.564
0.691 0.548
6 1.302 0.7140.94 0.746
A 8 1.604 0.88
0.178 0.884
10 1.907 1.054
1.424 1.049
12 2.215 0.22
1.674 1.196
14 1.924 1.366
16 2.845 1.56 2.172 1.534
A B 20 2.303 1.819 2.506 1.784 2.697 1.862
PACKAGE
24 2.479 1.935 2.684 1.996
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2.2Axial Clearance
The amount of axial clearance and straight unobstructed tube required will vary with coupling size and
the installation technique employed.
Proper installation requires that a length of tube equal to 1/2 the coupling length be inserted in each end
of the coupling. The coupling can be positioned either by axially moving the tube to allow access or by
deflecting the tube.
2.2.1 Axial Tube Movement
In this installation technique, one tube is pulled back axially to allow the installation of the coupling.
The coupling is slipped into place on the second tube and the first tube is then inserted into the cou-
pling (See Figures 3A and 3B). This method requires the minimum amount of straight tube, 1/2 the
coupling length, but requires axial tube movement.
FIGURE 3A
AXIAL INSTALLATION CLEARANCE
AXIAL TUBE MOVEMENT
T1 T2
T1 T2
T1 T2
Where axial tube movement is allowable, the required length of straight tube is equal to 1/2 of the coupling
length.
42 www.aerofit.com
FIGURE 3B
AXIAL TUBE MOVEMENT
T1 T2
T1 T2
T1 T2
NOTE: The area from the end of T1 to the obstruction should be equal to the length of the coupling.
2.2.2 Tube Deflection
As an alternate to moving the tube axially the tube may be deflected to one side. The coupling is
then slipped over the deflected tube. The tube is repositioned and the coupling is slipped into place
(See Figure 4). This method eliminates the need for axial tube movement, but requires a full cou-
pling length of unobstructed tube on one end.
43 www.aerofit.com
FIGURE 4
TUBE DEFLECTION
T1
T2
T1
T2
A B
T1
T2
1.T1 is fixed. T2 cannot be moved axially, but can be deflected as shown.

2. The length of straight tube (B) required on T2 would be equal to the coupling length. The length of straight
tube (A) required on T1 would be equal to 1/2 the coupling length.
NOTE: Coupling may be positioned immediately adjacent to the bend radius.
44 www.aerofit.com
TUBE APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS
Basic Tube Tube Tube Tube Wall Thickness Temp.
ryoFit Part Tube Material
C Spec. Dash Dia 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Range
Number No. psi psi psi psi psi
2PHS111 3AL-2.5V CWSR AMS 20 1 1/4 0.045 -65˚ F
thru
Titanium 4944 24 1 1/2 0.054 275˚ F
EN3120 8 8mm .5mm
3AL-2.5V CWSR 12 12mm .5mm
Titanium 16 16mm .6mm -54˚ C
thru
M2PHS111 22 22mm .8mm
135˚ C
28 28mm 1.0mm
18/10 CrN, CRES BSI T72- 8 8mm .5mm
T73 18 18mm .6mm
4 1/4 0.02
6 3/8 0.028
-65˚ F
3PHS111 304 1/8H CRES Mil-T- 8 1/2 0.035 thru
6845 10 7/16 0.049 275˚ F
12 3/4 0.058
16 1 0.065
4 1/4 0.018 .016-.018
6 3/8 0.019 .019-.028
8 1/2 0.022 .022-.035
3AL-2.5V CWSR AMS 10 7/16 0.023 .023-.044
Titanium 4944 12 3/4 0.027 .027-.052
14 9/16 0.032 .032-.061
16 1 0.036 .036-.071
20 1 1/4 0.045 .045-.087
24 1 1/2 0.054
4 1/4 0.054
6 3/8 0.016
8 1/2 0.02
4PHS111 21-6-9 CRES AMS 10 7/16 0.026
5561 12 3/4 0.033 -65˚ F
thru
14 9/16 0.039 275˚ F
16 1 0.052
20 1 1/4 0.054
4 1/4 0.028 .020-.035
6 3/8 0.028 .028-.049
6061-T6 Mil-T- 8 1/2 0.035 .028-.065
Aluminum 7081 10 7/16 0.035 .035-.065
12 3/4 0.035 0.049
16 1 0.065
4 1/4 0.035
6 3/8 0.035
5052-T0 8 1/2 .035-.049
Aluminum 10 7/16 .035-.049
12 3/4 0.049
16 1 0.065
45 www.aerofit.com
Separable End Fittings
SEPARABLE END FITTINGS - CRYOLIVE (FLARELESS)
AND CRYOFLARE (FLARED)
Introduction:
The CryOlive and CryoFlare sleeves and corresponding nuts come preasem-
bled in a plastic installation package. This assembly has many functions. It
acts as an installation tool, inspection gauge, dust cap, and protective cov-
er for the tube end. Accurate placement of the assembly is automatically
ensured and provides for correct tube position equal to that of internally
swaged flareless and flared sleeves. Because the installer needs no tools, SMA
fittings assemble with equal ease in the shop or on the aircraft.
At installation, this assembly is removed from liquid nitrogen, slipped onto
the end of the tube, and allowed to warm from its cryogenic storage temperature. In seconds, the shape memory
CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fittings shrink and crimp down on the tube with tremendous
radial force, producing a leak proof metal to metal seal between the tube and sleeve. The plastic installation
package acts as an installation tool, inspection gauge, dust cap and protective cover for the tube end.
The time required for both training and product installation is a small fraction of that needed for internally or
externally swaged sleeves. Regardless of the installer’s skill level, installation is accomplished in a few seconds.
CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fitting assemblies are installed by hand. No capital expenditure
is required.
After installation, a visual inspection is all that is needed. The inspector has only to look at the end of the as-
sembly to determine that the tube is visible in the inspection window (CryOlive) or that the tube is at the stop
(CryoFlare) to determine that the installation is correct.
The CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fittings use the same shape memory technology as the
CryoFit fitting system, which has a service record of more than 25 years in the aerospace industry with no re-
ported inservice failures. During qualification, CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) end fittings met or
exceeded the requirements in AS18280 and other demanding aircraft manufacturers’ requirements.
47 www.aerofit.com
3000 PSI CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY (FLARELESS)
921721: CRYOLIVE SLEEVE, INSTALLATION PACKAGE AND NUT
AMBER TRANSLUCENT PACKAGE B HEX
T THREAD (NUT)
C HEX F
NUT (PKG) D TUBE PROTRUSION
TUBE FROM END OF SLEEVE,
INSTALLED
SLEEVE
TUBE INSERTION
E
A INSPECTION WINDOW (3D BEND RAD)
CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY “AS INSTALLED” STRAIGHT LENGTH OF TUBE

“AS SHIPPED” CONDITION WITH 3D BEND
PART TUBE (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) T (THREAD PER MIL-S
NUMBER SIZE +/- .010 MIN -8879CLASS-3B)
921721( )04 .250 1.221 .562 .500 .093 .214 1.23 7/16-20
921721( )06 .375 1.309 .688 .625 .112 .230 1.27 9/16-18
921721( )08 .500 1.393 .875 .812 .101 .285 1.31 3/4-16
921721( )10 .625 1.677 1.000 .938 .183 .330 1.51 7/8-14
921721( )12 .750 1.872 1.250 1.125 .177 .330 1.63 1 1/16-12
921721( )16 1.000 2.240 1.500 1.375 .211 .392 1.82 1 5/16-12
921721( )20 1.250 2.571 1.875 1.688 .243 .395 1.99 1 5/8-12
921721( )24 1.500 2.759 2.125 1.938 .289 .465 2.36 1 7/8-12
Part Number Example: 921721 W 08 L
BASIC PART NUMBER LOCKWIRE HOLE CODE

MATERIAL CODE LETTER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE IN .062
INCREMENTS
a. DASH “V” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH CARBON STEEL NUT
b. LETTER “J” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 304 CRES CORROSION RESISTANT
STEEL NUT
c. LETTER “W” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 7075-T73 ALUMINUM ALLOY
NUT
d. LETTER “T” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH TITANIUM NUT.
NOTES:
1. MATERIAL: SLEEVE TINEL HEAT RECOVERABLE, SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
NUT “V“ 15-5PH CRES PER AMS5659
“J” 304 CRES PER QQ-S-763
“W” 7075-T73 PER QQ-A-225/9
“T” 6AL-4V PER AMS4928
PACKAGE RED TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
2. FINISH: SLEEVE DRY FILM LUBRICANT ON TAIL
NUT “V“ CADMIUM PLATE PER QQ-P-416 TYPE II, CLASS 2
“J” PASSIVATE PLUS DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER
MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON INTERNAL SURFACES
“W” ANODIZE PER MIL-A-8625 TYPE II, CLASS 1 PLUS DRY
FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON
INTERNAL SURFACES
“T” FLUORIDE PHOSPHATE COATED PER AMS2486 PLUS
DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON
INTERNAL SURFACES
PACKAGE NONE
48 www.aerofit.com
4000 PSI CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY (FLARELESS)
921504T: CRYOLIVE SLEEVE, INSTALLATION PACKAGE NUT
RED
NUT TRANSLUCENT B E
PACKAGE HEX (NUT)
T THREAD C D TUBE
SLEEVE HEX (CAP) PROTRUSION
TUBE
TUBE INSERTION
A INSPECTION WINDOW (3D BEND RAD)
CRYOLIVE ASSEMBLY “AS INSTALLED” STRAIGHT LENGTH OF TUBE
PART TUBE (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) T (THREAD PER

NUMBER SIZE +/- .020 MIN MIL-8-8879)
921504T04 1/4 1.221 .562 .500 .030 1.23 .4375-20 UNJF-3B
921504T06 3/8 1.349 .688 .625 .030 1.31 .5625-18 UNJF-3B
921504T08 1/2 1.453 .875 .812 .030 1.37 .7500-16 UNJF-3B
921504T10 5/8 1.677 1.000 .938 .100 1.51 .8750-14 UNJF-3B
921504T12 3/4 1.872 1.250 1.125 .120 1.63 1.0625-12 UNJ-3B
921504T14 7/8 2.017 1.375 1.250 .140 1.68 1.1875-12 UNJ-3B
921504T16 1 2.240 1.500 1.375 .160 1.86 1.3125-12 UNJ-3B
921504T20 1 1/4 2.571 1.875 1.688 .200 1.99 1.6250-12 UNJ-3B
921504T24 1 1/2 2.759 2.125 1.938 .250 2.36 1.8750-12 UNJ-3B
Part Number Example: 921504 T 08

MATERIAL CODE LETTER INCREMENTS
a. LETTER “T” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH TITANIUM NUT.
NOTES:
NUT “T” 6AL-4V PER AMS4928
PACKAGE RED TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
NUT “T” FLUORIDE PHOSPHATE COATED PER AMS2486 PLUS
DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010,
TYPE 1 ON INTERNAL SURFACES
PACKAGE NONE
49 www.aerofit.com
3000 PSI LIGHTWEIGHT UNION ASSEMBLY (MALE FLARELESS)
921895: LIGHTWEIGHT UNION AND INSTALLATION PACKAGE
TRANSLUCENT
CAP PACKAGE
D
TUBE
FITTING END PER

MS33514, STYLE E
LIGHTWEIGHT EXCEPT HEX AND B HEX
UNION TUBE STOP T THREAD
TUBE A EST.
PART NUMBER SIZE EXPANDED B D T THREAD PER MIL-S-8879 WT. LBS.
(MIN)
921895-04 .250 .239 .370 .810 .4375-20 UNJF .009
921895-06 .375 .359 .495 .992 .5625-18 UNJF .020
921895-08 .500 .478 .683 1.244 .7500-16 UNJF .043
921895-10 .625 .598 .808 1.469 .8750-14 UNJF .080
921895-12 .750 .717 .995 1.695 1.0625-12 UNJF .132
921895-16 1.000 .956 1.308 2.026 1.3125-12 UNJ-3A .300
Part Number Example: 921895 08
BASIC PART NUMBER TUBE SIZE IN .062 INCREMENTS
NOTES:
1. MATERIAL: UNION TINEL HEAT RECOVERABLE, SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
PACKAGE TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
2. FINISH: UNION - DRY FILM LUBRICANT ON TAIL
PACKAGE - NONE
50 www.aerofit.com
3000 PSI CRYOFLARE ASSEMBLY (FLARED)
921883: CRYOFLARE SLEEVE, INSTALLATION PACKAGE AND NUT
NUT SLEEVE BLUE TRANSLUCENT
CAP PACKAGE F
C B HEX
T THREAD TUBE
A
HINGE DETAIL
VARIES WITH
SIZE
SECTION A-A A (3D BEND RAD)
CRYOFLARE ASSEMBLY “AS INSTALLED” MINIMUM STRAIGHT LENGTH OF TUBE

PART NUMBER TUBE SIZE B C F THREAD PER AS8879

MIN
921883( )04 .250 .562 1.238 1.23 .4375-20 UNJF
921883( )06 .375 .688 1.483 1.27 .5625-18 UNJF
921883( )08 .500 .875 1.718 1.31 .7500-16 UNJF
921883( )10 .625 1.000 1.941 1.51 .8750-14 UNJF
921883( )12 .725 1.250 2.207 1.63 1.0625-12 UNJF
Part Number Example: 921883 W 08

MATERIAL CODE LETTER INCREMENTS
a. LETTER “J” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 304 CRES CORROSION RESISTANT
STEEL NUT
b. LETTER “W” AFTER BASIC PART NUMBER INDICATES ASSEMBLY WITH 7075-T73 ALUMINUM ALLOY
NUT
NOTES:
NUT “J” 304 CRES PER QQ-S-763
“W” 7075-T73 PER QQ-A-225/9
CAP PACKAGE RED TRANSLUCENT POLYCARBONATE
NUT “J” PASSIVATE PLUS DRY FILM LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010,
TYPE 1 ON INTERNAL SURFACES
“W” ANODIZE PER MIL-A-8625 TYPE II, CLASS 1 PLUS DRY FILM
LUBRICANT PER MIL-L-46010, TYPE 1 ON
INTERNAL SURFACES
CAP PACKAGE - NONE
51 www.aerofit.com
Installation CRYOLIVE AND CRYOFLARE PRODUCTS
I. Introduction
CryOlive and CryoFlare shape memory alloy sleeves and coupling nuts are components of a flareless fluid fitting
connection. The sleeves are installed on the ends of tubes and permit the tubes to be connected to tees, elbows,
unions, etc., with ends machined per military standards AS33514 and AS33515.
CryOlive and CryoFlare sleeves are manufactured from Tinel shape memory alloy. The ID of the sleeve is ma-
chined somewhat smaller than the OD of the tube it will be installed upon. After fabrication, the sleeve is cooled
to cryogenic temperatures, -320ºF, in liquid nitrogen (LN2). When cooled, the shape memory alloy undergoes
a transformation from a high strength, austenitic phase to a relatively low strength, martensitic phase. While
in the cooled, low strength phase, the sleeve is “expanded” to an inside diameter slightly larger than the OD of
the tube it is to be installed upon. When the sleeve is removed from LN2 and allowed to warm, the austenite to
martensite transformation is reversed, and the sleeve “recovers” to its pre expanded, or as machined, diameter
and its high strength state. This transformation and expansion process can be repeated if the sleeve has “recov-
ered” prior to installation.
To install the sleeve on a tube, the sleeve is removed from the LN2 and immediately slipped over the end of the
tube and allowed to warm up and recover. The tube OD, being larger than the ID that the sleeve wants to revert
to, constrains the sleeve’s recovery. During constrained recovery the alloy develops considerable force and ef-
fectively “self swages” the sleeve permanently onto the tube.
The sleeve and coupling nut come pre assembled in a disposable molded installation package (Figure 1). As-
semblies are shipped and stored in liquid nitrogen and are removed from LN2 just prior to installation.
Figure 1
CRYOLIVE CRYOFLARE
ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY
CryOlive and CryoFlare assemblies should be removed from their storage containers and installed only by
personnel who have been properly trained in the handling of liquid nitrogen and installation of CryOlive and
CryoFlare sleeves. Please see Section D for safety and handling of liquid nitrogen.
52 www.aerofit.com
II. Installation Tools
CryOlive and CryoFlare sleeves are installed by using simple tools purchased direct or through our stocking
distributors. The function of each tool is described below.
1. TONGS: Instrument used to transfer and remove assemblies from insulated workbox. Product Descrip-
tion: AT911067-01.
2. WORK BOX: A small insulated box used to transport assemblies from the storage area (see Logistics sec-
tion) to the work area. Product Description: WB910825-01
3. GLOVES: Thin, well insulated gloves, which are used when handling assemblies that have been stored
in liquid nitrogen. They must NOT, under any circumstances, be immersed in liquid nitrogen. Product
Description: OE Glove Liner- (S-M-L)
4. Safety Glasses: Safety glasses with side shields should be used at all times.
III. INSPECTION OF SLEEVE I.D.

If there is reason to believe that the sleeve within the assembly has recovered (such as from a low liquid nitro-
gen level in the storage dewar), its inside diameter can be checked as follows:
1. Obtain a length of the appropriate size tubing approximately 6” long.
2. Cool the tube end in liquid nitrogen (work box) until the boiling stops.
3. Being careful to keep the assembly in liquid nitrogen, insert the cooled tube onto the assembly. The tube
should bottom out against the assembly end (CryOlive) or the stop (CryoFlare). This can be checked by
viewing the end of the tube through the inspection window of the package. If the tube cannot be inserted
into the assembly and through the sleeve, the assembly should be removed from stock. Return the sleeve for
reexpansion. A nominal fee is charged for this service.
IV. Installation Process
NOTE: CryOlive and CryoFlare assemblies should be installed only by properly trained personnel.
1. Obtain the proper CryOlive or CryoFlare assemblies from inventory. Refer to the application table for assem-
bly description.
2. Ensure that the tubes are round and free from burrs and meet dimensional specifications.
53 www.aerofit.com
3. Clean and dry end of tube, if necessary, by wiping with a clean rag or cloth.
4. Put on gloves. NOTE: Do not put gloved hand in liquid nitrogen.
5. Using tongs, remove the assembly from the liquid nitrogen and allow the excess liquid nitrogen to run off.
6. Grasp the assembly with gloved hand. Without delay, slip it over the tube end and push until the tube end
is firmly seated against end stop inside the plastic installation package. The tube must bottom out against the
assembly end (CryOlive)(Figure 4) or tube stop (CryoFlare).
7. The package is designed to provide the proper tube insertion. To do so the tube must be fully bottomed
against the inside end of the package. For CryOlive the tube end should be visible in the slot (inspection win-
dow) and should butt against the inside end of the package (Figure 2). For CryoFlare the tube must bottom
on the tube stop.You may leave plastic installation package on tube end to protect sleeve and act as a dust cover
until ready to mate with fitting.
Figure 2
8. To remove the plastic installation package, unscrew the nut and remove the plastic package.
Figure 3
54 www.aerofit.com
9. Tube protrusion and other installation related dimensions are found in the Specification Control Drawings.
V. TUBE APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS

Torque the CryOlive or CryoFlare nut to the value listed in the following tables.
Basic SMA Tube Tube Tube Wall Installation Torque System Temperature
Assembly Part Tube Material Specification Size Thickness Operating Range
Number Inch Lbs Nm Pressure
4 0.020 135-145 15.3-16.4 3000 psi
6 0.028 215-245 24.3-27.7 3000 psi
921721 OR 8 0.035 470-510 53.1-57.6 3000 psi -65° F thru
304 1/8H CRES MIL-T-6845 10 0.042 610-680 68.9-76.8 3000 psi
921883 275° F
12 0.058 810-945 91.5-106.8 3000 psi
16 0.065 1,140-1,260 128.8-142.4 3000 psi
4 0.016 135-145 15.3-16.4 3000 psi
6 0.020 215-245 24.3-27.7 3000 psi
921721J OR 8 0.026 470-510 53.1-57.6 3000 psi -65° F thru
21-6-9 CRES AMS 5561 10 0.033 610-680 68.9-76.8 3000 psi
921883J 275° F
12 0.039 810-945 91.5-106.8 3000 psi
16 0.052 1,140-1,260 128.8-142.4 3000 psi
4 0.028 135-145 15.3-16.4 1500 psi
6 0.028 215-245 24.3-27.7 1500 psi
8 0.035 470-510 53.1-57.6 1500 psi
921721W OR 6061-T6 10 0.035 610-680 68.9-76.8 1500 psi -65° F thru
MIL-T-7081 12 0.035 810-945 91.5-106.8 1500 psi
921883W ALUMINUM 275° F
16 0.065 1,140-1,260 128.8-142.4 1500 psi
20 0.035 1,520-1,680 171.7-189.8 500 psi
24 0.035 1,900-2,100 214.7-237.3 500 psi
4 0.016 135-145 15.3-16.4 3000 psi
6 0.019 215-245 24.3-27.7 3000 psi
3AL-2.5V CWSR 8 0.026 470-510 53.1-57.6 3000 psi -65° F thru
921721T AMS 4944 10 0.032 610-680 68.9-76.8 3000 psi 275° F
TITANIUM
12 0.039 810-945 91.5-106.8 3000 psi
16 0.051 1,140-1,260 128.8-142.4 3000 psi
4 0.020 135-145 15.3-16.4 4000 psi
6 0.019 215-245 24.3-27.7 4000 psi
8 0.019 470-510 53.1-57.6 4000 psi
3AL-2.5V CWSR 10 0.032 610-680 68.9-76.8 4000 psi -65° F thru
921504 AMS 4944
TITANIUM 12 0.039 810-945 91.5-106.8 4000 psi 275° F
14 0.045 985-1,090 111.3-123.3 4000 psi
16 0.051 1,140-1,260 128.8-142.4 4000 psi
6 0.020 215-245 24.3-27.7 2000 psi
8 0.020 470-510 53.1-57.6 2000 psi
10 0.023 610-680 68.9-76.8 2000 psi
12 0.027 810-945 91.5-106.8 2000 psi
3AL-2.5V CWSR 14 0.032 985-1,090 111.3-123.3 2000 psi -65° F thru
921504 AMS 4944
TITANIUM 16 0.036 1,140-1,260 128.8-142.4 2000 psi 275° F
20 0.045 1,520-1,680 171.7-189.8 2000 psi
24 0.032 1,900-2,100 214.7-237.3 150 psi
24 0.054 1,900-2,100 214.7-237.3 2000 psi
55 www.aerofit.com
Logistics
(Liquid Nitrogen Handling And Storage)
LOGISTICS – SMA FLUID FITTING SYSTEM
Liquid Nitrogen Storage & Handling
1. Introduction
Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) fittings are used to permanently join sections of tubing and are stored in liquid
nitrogen until just before installation. When received, the fittings have an inside diameter which is larger
than the outside diameter of the tubes they will be installed onto. If removed from the liquid nitrogen and
allowed to warm, the couplings will shrink so that the inside diameter will be smaller than the tube outside
diameter. If the coupling is slipped over the tube/fitting ends before it warms, the fittings will shrink and
swage onto the tube or fitting.
2. Shipping and Storage Containers

CryoFit unions and separable fittings called CryOlive (flareless) and CryoFlare (flared) fittings are shipped and
stored in special insulated liquid nitrogen containers called dewars or are stored for longer periods of time
in freezers. Dewars and freezers are available from Aerofit, Inc. or their distributors. The size of the dewar or
freezer is dependent on the quantities of fittings to be shipped and/or stored.
A dewar functions like a thermos bottle by controlling the boil off or evaporation of liquid nitrogen (LN2)
and thus maintaining the inside temperature of the vessel at a relatively constant -320° F. The smaller the neck
of the dewar, the slower the evaporation process and the longer a constant temperature will be maintained.
It is important to note that replacing the neckcore into the dewar after loading/removing SMA products is
vital in helping to control LN2 evaporation. Required servicing intervals are delineated in the manufacturer’s
literature for each dewar type/design.
If frost is noted on the outside of the dewar at any time, transfer the SMA parts to another container and re-
move the dewar from use. Frost indicates that the vacuum has been broken and it will no longer maintain
LN2 per its design and usage specification.
If the dewar shows no sign of frost on the exterior, it only needs regular servicing of LN2 to maintain the
SMA parts in their expanded state. Shape Memory Alloy parts are to be submerged in liquid nitrogen until
removed for installation.
If the dewar has a large mouth and neck, it is possible to see the LN2 and determine its depth. If the dewar
has a small mouth and neck, the quantity/depth of the liquid nitrogen can be determined by observing the
condensation on the outside of the parts canisters when removed from the dewar.
NOTE: if the neckcore of the dewar is removed and it is determined that only a minimal amount of liquid
nitrogen or vapor is left in the dewar, immediately replenish the liquid nitrogen. In most cases, the parts will
remain in their expanded state, but they should be checked before installation is begun.
Liquid Dewar
This unit is suitable as a shipping container and for short term storage. Liquid
nitrogen level must be checked every few days and topped off if necessary. Least
economical shipping container due to weight.
57 www.aerofit.com
Vapor Dewar
Vapor Dewar
This unit is excellent as a shipping container or for medium
term storage. This style Dewar has a liner which absorbs
This unit is excellent as a shipping container or for medium
liquid nitrogen and inhibits evaporation. In this condition
term storage. This style Dewar has a liner which absorbs
parts will
liquid remain
nitrogen and cold forevaporation.
inhibits up to two weeks
In thisand reduces
condition the
parts
shipping
will remainweight.
cold forWhen bothweeks
up to two the liner
and and storage
reduces the chamber
shipping
are full of
weight. liquid
When nitrogen
both SMA
the liner andparts can chamber
storage be storedare
forfull
up ofto
a month
liquid without
nitrogen SMA topping off. be stored for up to a month
parts can Outer Protective
Outer Protective Ship- Dewar
without topping off. Shipping Cover
ping Cover
Dewar
Freezer System
Freezer
This unitSystem
is superior for long term storage. Features include temperature con-
trol and monitoring alarm system, easy access to stored product, automatic
This unit is superior for long term storage. Features include temperature control
liquid
and nitrogenalarm
monitoring fill and auto easy
system, clear access
of fog for improved
to stored partautomatic
product, identification
liquid and
ni-
determining the quantity of stored products.
trogen fill and auto clear of fog for improved part identification and determining
the quantity of stored products.
3. Packing for Shipment

Freezer
3. Packing for Shipment

For shipment, SMA fittings are packaged in canister tubes in the small dewars or half trays in the large dewars.
For
Forshipping,
shipment,the
SMAdewar is attached
fittings to a special
are packaged pallet
in canister designed
tubes in the to prevent
small it from
dewars being tipped
or half-trays over.de-
in the large Each
canister or half
wars. For tray isthe
shipping, tagged
dewartoisidentify parts
attached to ainspecial
canister or tray.
pallet designed to prevent it from being tipped over.
Each canister or half tray is tagged to identify parts in canister or tray.
Hinged Lid
Locking tab
6 or more
Half Tray
Foam internal
canisters
Canister Tube
Plug
Double wall
with insulation
and vacuum
Base
configured to
hold canisters
Small Dewar Large Dewar
4. Receiving Procedure
The shipment and storage in liquid nitrogen means that it is unlikely to be practical for SMA fittings to be
4. Receiving Procedure
checked at receiving. The Release Note/Certificate of Conformity on the outside of the container may be
removed by receiving
The shipment so that
and storage in the
liquidquantities may bethat
nitrogen means ‘booked-in’ andtothe
it is unlikely bedocument passed
practical for SMA on to QA.
fittings to beThe
containers
checked atmust be forwarded
receiving. unopened
The Release Note to the user department.
/ Certificate of Conformity on the outside of the container may be
removed by receiving so that the quantities may be ‘booked-in’ and the document passed on to QA. The con-
tainers must be forwarded unopened to the user department.
2
58 www.aerofit.com
www.aerofit.com
When received by stores or the user department, the liquid nitrogen level in the dewar should be checked.
If the level has dropped, it should be replenished. On receipt, by stores or the user department, the liquid
nitrogen level in the dewar should be checked and topped off at regular intervals thereafter.
5. Transfer of Fittings
The transfer of fittings from the shipping dewar to the storage dewar should be made as quickly as possible.
Transfer from a Half Tray

Transfer from a half tray is accomplished by moving the half tray to a shallow insulated foam tray filled
with liquid nitrogen.
1) Fill the storage dewar with liquid nitrogen.
2) Fill the storage half tray or inventory control system drawer with liquid
nitrogen.
3) Fill the foam tray with approximately 3” of liquid nitrogen.
4) Remove the shipping half tray from the shipping dewar and place in the
foam tray.
5) Select the proper tools and cool.
6) Using the proper tool, transfer the fittings from the shipping half tray to
the storage container one at a time.
7) It is desirable to verify and record the quantity of fittings received at this
time.
8) After completing the transfer, return the storage half tray or drawer to the
storage dewar or freezer.
Transfer of couplings from dewar canister to work box

1) Fill the work box with approximately 3” of liquid nitrogen.
2) Remove the canister tube from the dewar and remove any wad-
ding (sometimes inserted to ensure couplings remain in canisters
during transit)
3) Position the canister over the work box and tip it so the couplings
slide into the work box.
Transfer of couplings from Work Box to the canister

To return couplings from work box (as for example after verifica-
tion)
1) Top up the work box with liquid nitrogen if necessary & stand
the canister in the work box.
2) Cool the tongs.
3) Pick up the couplings with the tongs and transfer them into the
canister
4) Ensure liquid nitrogen level is sufficient to cover the couplings at
all times.
5) Return the canister to the dewar (tip the canister slightly so that
it engages the slot in the base of the dewar).
59 www.aerofit.com
6. Storage
SMA fittings can be stored in liquid nitrogen indefinitely.
The storage containers are unpressurized and are therefore refilled by simply pouring liquid nitrogen directly
into the container.
• Pouring should be done slowly, especially when pouring into empty vessels at ambient temperature
to minimize thermal shock to components
• Care should be exercised when adding liquid nitrogen from a pressurized source directly to a con-
tainer which contains SMA fittings. There is a small risk that a pressurized ‘stream’ from a hose in
the base of the container could push small size parts out of the canisters and into the main body of
the container.
7. SMA Fitting Recovery Check

If there is reason to believe that a coupling has been warmed (such as from a low liquid nitrogen level in the
dewar), its inside diameter can be checked as follows:
1) Obtain a length of the same size tubing as the coupling, ap-
proximately 6 inches long.
2) Cool the end of the tube in liquid nitrogen until boiling stops.
Point the upper end of the tube away from the face and body as
small diameter tube will create a ‘fountain’ effect as it cools.
Fountain Effect
3) Being careful to keep the coupling in the liquid nitro-

gen, insert the tube into the coupling.
4) The tube should easily slip through the entire bore of
the CryoFit fitting
5) If the tube cannot pass through the fitting, the fitting
should be removed from stock and returned to the sup-
plier for reexpansion.
8. SMA Fitting reexpansion

SMA fittings which have been allowed to warm prematurely may be returned to the supplier for reexpansion.
SMA fittings should be carefully packaged so as to prevent damage (especially to the coating on the extremi-
ties) before return. Before reexpansion the couplings are carefully examined for damage, restenciled with a
unique reexpansion batch number and issued with a new Certificate of Conformity. The cost of this process
is approximately 30% of the cost of a new SMA fitting, however transport and set up costs mean that it may
be uneconomic to reexpand batches of less than 100 couplings (or 50 on larger sizes).
60 www.aerofit.com
9. Liquid Nitrogen Safety
The following precautions are provided to assist the user of SMA fittings in developing adequate safety stan-
dards for use of liquid nitrogen. They are intended as guidelines only and should not be considered binding
recommendations. The safe handling of liquid nitrogen and cryogenically cooled components is the user’s
responsibility.
1) Liquid nitrogen will displace oxygen in confined spaces. Its volume expansion from liquid to gas at
standard conditions is 696 to 1. Evaporation of large amounts of liquid nitrogen in unventilated or
confined spaces may cause suffocation. Therefore, working areas should be provided with adequate
ventilation.
2) Liquid nitrogen at -320° F (-196°C) can cause frostbite or “burn” if it is in contact with the skin
for more than a few seconds. Brief contact with the liquid due to accidental splashing will not cause
harm. Care must be taken to avoid trapping spilled liquid nitrogen against the skin. Wear loose fitting
clothing. Pants should be long enough to cover the tops of the shoes.
3) Thermal Gloves recommended by Aerofit, Inc. are to be used when handling tooling and SMA fit-
tings which have been cooled by liquid nitrogen. Gloves should not be directly submerged in liquid
nitrogen.
4) Eye damage can result from splashed liquid nitrogen: suitable eye protection should be worn (Safety
Glasses or Goggles).
5) Do not come into contact with areas of tools, couplings or materials which have been cooled by liq-
uid nitrogen, as they can also cause frostbite.
6) Bulk transfer of liquid nitrogen should be performed only by trained personnel.
7) Small quantities of liquid nitrogen must be poured slowly to avoid splashing, thermal shock and rapid
build up of pressure.
Emergency Action if a liquid nitrogen spill occurs:

1) Remain clear of the spilled liquid. Allow it to evaporate as a result of shop ventilation.
2) Immediately remove any clothing or shoes which have been soaked with liquid nitrogen; flush skin
with lukewarm water and seek immediate medical attention if burned.
3) In case of eye contact, flush with water and get immediate medical attention.
4) In case of asphyxiation and loss of consciousness move person to ventilated area and seek immediate
medical attention.
61 www.aerofit.com
General Information
GENERAL INFORMATION
Warranty of Couplings and Fittings

Aerofit, Inc. warrants that CryoFit couplings, compatible fittings, CryOlive flareless, CryoFlare flared end fittings,
and tooling will be free from defects in design, material, and workmanship. Should any SMA fitting, coupling
or tool fail in service, it will be replaced by Aerofit, Inc. at no cost.
Warranty Terms and Conditions

• Proper storage, handling and installation are required, as shown in Aerofit, Inc. published document
• Couplings must be installed on qualified and certified tube material, OD, and wall thickness combinations,
or on Aerofit, Inc. supplied or approved CryoFit compatible fittings
• Failures attributable to designs, modifications, and repairs that are not consistent with accepted design prac-
tice are not covered under this warranty.
• This warranty is not assignable to third parties (except the US Government) without the prior written con-
sent of Aerofit, Inc.
• The cost of repairs is not covered under this warranty.
63 www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER APPROVALS
Light
Cryofit CryOlive Weight CryoFlare
Manufacturer Union
(Partner same
Companies in CRES CRES
tube
CRES
Aluminum Titanium Aluminum materials 21.6.9 Aluminum
Parentheses) Titanium 21.6.9
3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H 6061-T6 3AL-2.5V
21.6.9
304-
1/8H 6061-T6 as 304-
1/8H 6061-T6
321 5052-0 321 5052-0 321 5052-0
CryOlive
BOEING
727, 737, 747,
3PHS111 921721T- 921721J- 921721W-
757, 767, 777, 787
DC-9, DC-10, 4PHS
4PHS 921721T 921721J
MD-80, MD-11
X-36 Remotely
4PHS
Piloted Vehicle
C-17 (Northrop 4PHS111

Grumman) 921853
Canard Rotary Wing 4PHS

747 Airborne Laser 4PHS
LOCKHEED MARTIN
F16 (Block 60) 3PHS111
BOMBARDIER
deHavilland Dash 7, 3PHS111 3PHS111 921883- 921883W
Q200, Q300
deHavilland Dash 8 3PHS111 3PHS111 921883- 921883W
Canadair Challenger 3PHS111 3PHS111
Canadair Regional Jet 3PHS111
AIRBUS
A300, A310, A318, Refer TDD (Technical Design Directive)
A319, A320, A321 A330, 3PHS111 3PHS111
A340, A350, A380 921721T 921721J 921721W 921895
A380
DASSAULT
Falcon Jet 3PHS111 3PHS111 NTO Status
GULFSTREAM (Northrop Grumman)
GV 3PHS111 3PHS111 3PHS111 921721T 921895
GIV 3PHS111 3PHS111 3PHS111
MARSHALL AEROSPACE
L1011 3PHS111
64 www.aerofit.com
Light
Manufacturer Union
(Partner same
Companies in CRES
tube
CRES CRES
Parentheses) Titanium 21.6.9 Aluminum Titanium 21.6.9 Aluminum materials 21.6.9 Aluminum
3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H 6061-T6 3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H 6061-T6 as 304-
1/8H 6061-T6
321 5052-0 321 5052-0 321 5052-0
CryOlive
RAYTHEON
King Air 4PHS 4PHS
Premier 1 4PHS111 4PHS111 921721T- 921895
Hawker Horizon 4PHS111 4PHS111 921721T- 921895
(FHI)
BELL HELICOPTER
UH-1 921721T- 921721J- 921721W
V-22 (Boeing) 5PHS111 921721T
B609 (Agusta) 921721T-
CESSNA
Citation X Proto-type 4PHS111 4PHS111 921721T 921721W
Model 650 4PHS111 4PHS111 921721T 921721W
Model 750 4PHS111 4PHS111 921721T 921721W
SAAB
340 4PHS
2000 4PHS
NORDAM Thrust Reversers for:
Citation 550/560 921721T 921721J
Lear 45
Hawker Horizon 921721T 921721J
U.S. DEPT of DEFENSE
C-17 (Douglas) 4PHS111
F-14
(Northrop Grumman) 3PHS
T-1 3PHS1
(Lockheed Martin)
B-1B (Rockwell) 4PHS
V-22 (Bell/Boeing) 5PHS111
T-45 (BAE/Boeing) M4PHS111
767-AWACS (Boeing) 4PHS 4PHS
707 JSTARS 4PHS
(Lockheed Martin)
C-5 (Lockheed Martin) 4PHS
CP Ti 6.4
F-22 (Boeing) and Inc-
onel 625
F16 3PHS111
(Lockheed Martin)
65 www.aerofit.com
Light
Manufacturer Union
(Partner same
Companies in CRES CRES
tube
CRES
Parentheses) Titanium 21.6.9 Aluminum Titanium 21.6.9 Aluminum materials 21.6.9 Aluminum
3AL-2.5V 304-1/8H 6061-T6 3AL-2.5V 304-
1/8H 6061-T6 as 304-
1/8H 6061-T6
321 5052-0 321 5052-0 321 5052-0
CryOlive
NON U.S. GOVERNMENT
Taiwan IDF 4PHS 4PHS
(Lockheed Martin)
Harrier GR5/GR7 4PHS111
/T10 (BAe)
Eurofighter M2PHS111
Ty-phoon(EADS, Bae, M4PHS111
Alenia)
The following table is intended to summarize the historical qualification and technical development of the cur-
rent CryoFit couplings series.
System OEM
Product Year Operating Tubing Type User
Series Qualified Pressure Background Qualifications Qualifications
First fitting made from Tinel Alloy AHS, Northrop, Boeing

designed using Finite Element Analysis. Military, Vought,
About 35% shorter and lighter than 4P0 U.S Navy,
McDonnell
4PHS111 1985 4000 psi Ti-3Al-2.5V counterpart, but with longer recovery Douglas, Hughes U.S Air Force,
time. Allowable installation gap is 0.120”. Space & Com- Royal Air Force
Developed and qualified for the B-2 and munications, GE (Harrier)
Northrop ATF. Satellites
Northrop, Boeing
Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Roughly Military, Vought,
35% shorter and lighter than 4P0 counter- McDonnell
2PHS111 1985 2000 psi Ti-3Al-2.5V part, but with longer recovery time. Douglas, Hughes U.S Navy,
Allowable installation gap is 0.120”. Space & Com- U.S Air Force
Used in conjunction with 4PHS system. munications, GE
Satellites
Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Allowable

4000 psi Ti-3Al-2.5V installation gap is 0.120” (3 mm). Metric BAe,
M4PHS111 1986 coupling developed and qualified for the McDonnell U.S. Navy
T-45 Goshawk and now selected for the Douglas
3000 psi BS T72-T73
Eurofighter Typhoon.
Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Allowable BAe,
M2PHS111 1986 1000 psi BS T72-T73 installation gap is 0.120” (3 mm). Metric McDonnell U.S. Navy
coupling developed for use in conjunction Douglas
with the M4PHS111 system.
Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Allowable Northrop,
5000 psi installation gap is 0.120”. Developed and McDonnell
5PHS111 1987 Ti-3Al-2.5V Douglas, Bell U.S. Navy
qualified for the Bell/Boeing V-22 and the Helicopter, Boeing
McDonnell Douglas A-12. Helicopter
3000 psi Ti-3Al-2.5V Made from Tinel Alloy AHS. Allowable instal- Airbus Industrie,
lation gap is 0.300”. Originally qualified to Boeing,
3000 psi 21-6-9 ISO 7169 for Airbus as a direct replacement deHavilland Air France,
3PHS111 1995 for Rynglok and Permaswage. Designed to United Airlines
3000 psi 304-1/8 be the single coupling for commercial air-
1000 psi 6061-T6 craft original installation and repair.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
CryoFit® Couplings for Space Vehicle Plumbing Systems
CryoFit couplings have been used in Space Vehicle applications dating back to the mid-1970s. They have been
qualified by Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (1974), General Electric Astro Space (1991) and Hughes
Space & Communications (1994). CryoFit couplings have also been evaluated for space vehicle applications
in the UK, Japan and Germany and by Boeing Defense & Space Group. All testing has been conducted at the
expense of the companies and test reports are considered proprietary. This fact sheet is intended to summarise
the conclusions of those reports and such details as are known about any ongoing testing.
Product
Series and Tests Space Vehicle
Company Tube Types Propellant Results
Sizes Performed Applications
Lockheed 4P02111 304CRES N2H4 Tensile strength, All mechanical test results deemed Unknown (but see
Missiles & 1/4”, 1/2”, joined to: Burst, Gas Leak, acceptable. CryoFit couplings not entry under Primex
Space 3/4” Ti-3Al-2.5V, Vibration, affected by hydrazine and no trace Aerospace below)
Company 304CRES, Contamination, of titanium or nickel found in
2021Al Hydrazine hydrazine after test.
compatibility
General 4P02111 Ti-3Al-2.5V N2H4 Unknown All mechanical test results deemed Unknown
Electric 3/8” MON-3 but included acceptable. No untoward effects
Astro Space propellant were noted during the metallurgi-
compatibility cal evaluation of CryoFit sleeves
after propellant exposure.
Hughes 4PHS111 Ti-3Al-2.5V MON-3 Gas Leak; CryoFit couplings met all require- UHF/F2;
Space & 1/4”, 3/8” per MIL- Propellant ments of use with liquid propulsion Brasilsat;
Communica- P-26539; compatibility; systems with the propellants listed. GMS-5, MSAT E-1
tions Monomethyl- Burst pres- Service with xenon gas qualified by PANAMSAT K-1
hydrazine sure; Impulse; similarity to helium. Recommend-
per MIL- Thermal ed as an alternative to welding or
P-27404; cycle; Flex; flareless tube coupling where high
Hydrazine Metallograph- strength, high reliability and ease of
per MIL- ic analysis installation are important factors.
P-26536; In 1999 Hughes reported an ag-
Helium per gregate 800 problem-free years in
MIL-P-27407 space for the CryoFit couplings on
their spacecraft.
DASA Space 4PHS111 & Ti-3Al-2.5V Hydrazine Hydrazine All tests completed satisfactorily. Globalstar 2
(Daimler- 921721 compatibil- DASA noted (as had GE) that Xylan Teledesic
Benz (Cryolive) ity, gas leak, lubricant on CryoFit extremities
Aerospace 3/8” proof pressure, was soluble in hydrazine. No risk
Raumfahrt further quali- of contamination of propellant
Infrastruc- fication tests inside tubes because lubricant is
ture) planned. external to coupling ‘teeth’.
Matra-Mar- 4PHS111 Ti -3Al-2.5V Hydrazine Gas Leak MMS reported leak rate of less Undetermined
coni Space 1/4”, 3/8” Ti-6Al-4V than 10-9 cc/s for a 4PHS111-04
(UK) CP Ti, SS304 joining 2 Ti-3Al-2.5V tubes filled
(Now As- with helium at 387 bar (≈ poros-
trium) ity of tube)
Boeing Space 4P02111 ¼” 304 Hydrazine Vibration, All tests completed satisfactorily Unknown
& Defence 1/8 Hard Thermal Cycle,
Group 321 4X operating
pressure
Primex 5PHS111 ¼” Ti 6Al-4V Hydrazine Proof Pressure All tests completed satisfactorily Pegasus and GPS
Aerospace 304 Mass Spectrom- Leak and burst tests successful programs.
Company 1/8 Hard eter Leak test, even on samples where assembly (Sub-contract for
Bending, Vibra- had been deliberately bent. Tests Lockheed Martin)
tion, Torsion, concluded when tube burst at
Burst, Adjacent 23,500 psi
Weld
67 www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
CryoFit® Couplings for Space Vehicle Plumbing Systems
Product
Series and Tests Space Vehicle
Company Tube Types Propellant Results
Sizes Performed Applications
NASA, 3PHS111 ½” 304 Undetermined Negative Pressure, GHe leak rate less than 1x 10-7cc/ Unknown
JFK Space 1/8 Hard Low temperature sec even when installed coupling
Center leak tests below martensitic transformation
temperature.
Ishikawa- 4PO2111 Commercial Undetermined Unknown Unknown Unknown
jima Harima 3/8” & 1/2” Stainless
Heavy Indus- Steel
tries
ESA/Dornier 4PHS111 Ti-3Al-2.5V Hydrazine Leak Test (Dowty) Satisfactory - approved for propel- XMM
/Fiat BPD/ 1/4” Vibration with lant tank repair.
Dowty Aero- Thermal Cycle
space superimposed
(ESA)
JPL Pasadena 4PHS111 Unknown Unknown Unknown Not communicated Mars Rover
Landing Vehicle
NASA – God- 4PHS111 Unknown Unknown Unknown Not communicated
dard Space
Center
Surrey Satel- 3PHS111 T1-3Al-2.5V Thermal Cycling Tests completed satisfactorily
lite Technolo- ¼” & 3/8” & CRES
gies Ltd
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Measurements of Electrical Resistance measured across assembled 3PHS111 coupling
CRES 21-6-9 Ti-3AL-2.5V
Tube Measured Resistance BAC5117 Tube Measured Resistance BAC5117
Size Test No. limit Size Test No. limit
milliohms avg milliohms milliohms avg milliohms
15906 2.6 15908 3.7
4 15907 2.35 4 15910 3.27 3.51 12
2.56 12
15940 2.65 15930 3.45
15946 2.65 15931 3.6
15833 2.1 15832 2.46
15840 2.1 15838 2.9
6 15846 1.9 6 15845 2.68 2.98 8
2.03 8
15847 1.96 15865 3.2
15856 2 15866 3.25
15869 2.11 15876 3.4
15939 1.55 1.63 5 15936 2.35
15951 1.61 15950 2.35 2.32 5
8 15953 1.63 8 15965 2.34
15954 1.63 15972 2.22
15958 1.74
15852 2.1 15842 1.62
15857 1.6 15874 2.08
1.85 3
15870 1.2 1.45 3 15875 1.9
10 10
15871 1.18 15886 1.8
15881 1.26
15884 1.33
15849 1.1 15848 1.56
15911 1.08 1.07 15928 1.6 1.61
12 12
15925 1.03 15929 1.68
15926 1.05 15942 1.6
15964 0.9 15850 1.36
15969 0.94 15863 1.35
16 15989 0.85 0.88 16 15970 1.4 1.2
15995 0.86 15984 1.3
15996 0.86 15990 0.58
16229 1.73
16230 1.78 1.72
20 20
16231 1.65
16232 1.7
16236 1.69
16237 1.73 1.82
24 24
16238 1.95
16239 1.9
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Al. Alloy 6061-T6
Tube Size Measured Resistance BAC5117
Test No. limit milliohms
milliohms avg
15912 2.37
4 15916 2.17
2.01
15917 1.84
15918 1.66
15841 2.15
15867 1.44
15868 2.2
6 1.98 1.3
15878 2.72
15880 1.69
15882 1.27
15883 2.38
15927 0.63
15938 0.54
8 15959 0.4 0.6 0.95
15960 0.68
15971 0.75
15843 0.38
15873 0.48
15877 0.36
15885 1.06
10 15887 0.46 0.48 0.75
15897 0.38
15921 0.43
15922 0.37
15923 0.38
15862 0.61
15909 0.44
12 0.42
15935 0.36
15952 0.27
15851 0.4
16 15991 0.71 0.46
16014 0.28
20
16243 0.23
16244 0.4
24 16245 1.64 0.63
16246 0.17
16247 0.71
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Comparative Measurements of Electrical Resistance measured across assembled CryoFit couplings and CryOlive
/Lightweight Union connections
CryoFit CryOlive and Lightweight Union

Tube Size
Installed Tube only (control) Installed Tube only (control)
-4 1.8 2.63 2.7 2.74

-6 0.95 1.32 1.08 1.42
-8 0.95 1.36 0.96 1.9
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Corrosion Resistance of TiNi Alloys
TiNi alloys in natural atmospheres and waters are generally more corrosion resistant than 316 stainless steel but
not as resistant as pure titanium. A passive oxide/nitride surface film is the basis of the corrosion resistance of
these three materials. Specific environments can cause the passive film on TiNi to break down , opening the al-
loy to attack. The accumulated experience with TiNi will be presented as corrosion by atmospheres, by waters,
by organic chemicals, by inorganic chemicals or by biological environments.
Corrosion by Atmospheres
Polished TiNi remains shiny in air from ambient temperatures up to about 100ºC at which temperature the
oxide/nitride surface layer slowly thickens giving the interference colors. Up to about 700ºC, a tight, thin,
blue-black oxide/nitride film protects the TiNi. Above 700ºC, the layer thickens into a more porous brown and
yellow scale. No absorption of oxygen into the alloy or internal oxidation occurs, thus TiNi behaves more like
stainless steel at elevated temperatures than like titanium alloys.
If TiNi at ambient temperature is impinged by pure oxygen gas at progressively higher pressures, flashes and
sustained burning begin above 150 psi absolute. By 500 psia, 16 out of 20 tests produced flashes and burn-
ing.
When TiNi is heated to 700ºC in pure nitrogen at atmospheric pressure a beautiful gold-colored, somewhat
brittle, surface layer forms.
The interaction between hydrogen and TiNi is sensitive to hydrogen concentration, pressure, and temperature.
TiNi remains ductile after having been heated to 750ºC in hydrogen gas at atmospheric pressure , then returned
to room temperature. However, TiNi exposed to hydrogen gas at 360ºC becomes brittle and crumbly. If nascent
hydrogen is charged into TiNi, a brittle surface layer forms and thickens with time. This will be discussed in
more detail in the “waters” section. Also, if TiNi tensile samples are elongated while surrounded by hydrogen
gas at 7,000 psi, brittle failure occurs; immediately upon reducing the pressure to one atmosphere, the failure
mode is again ductile.
The presence of gaseous hydrogen fluoride in damp air at ambient temperatures has caused surface etching and
stress corrosion cracking in bare TiNi couplings. Condensation was occurring on the couplings, however, so this
should probably be considered as attack by hydrofluoric acid.
Corrosion by Water
Tinel is not attacked by fresh water. Even in pressurized boiling water (PBW) at 300°C for eleven months, Tinel
gained only 15% as much weight as Zircaloy-2. The same sort of PBW at 340°C and 20 ml / kg H2 causes little
damage. Water at 360°C with 100 ml H2 / kg causes Tinel to crumble to dust; the diffraction pattern of the dust
shows only the presence of TiH2 and Ti2Ni. Tinel resists attack while immersed in flowing sea water. However,
in stagnant sea water as in crevices, the protective film can break down, resulting in pitting. Tunneling corrosion
can occur when Tinel is exposed to a marine environment which cycles from salt mist in the cool of the day to
evaporation during the heat of the day. Small, residue-free pits form on the weather surface while branching
tunnels penetrate into the bulk of the metal (tunneling corrosion has been reported in austenitic stainless steel
under similar conditions). This same type of corrosion occurs when the salinity exceeds twice that of sea water
and the pH drops below two. Addition of sodium hydrochloride to sea water causes the same phenomenon. Salt
spray tests are often used as an accelerated indication of longer term corrosion resistance. Tinel passes these tests.
In one case CryoFit coupling assemblies were subjected to a six-day cyclic test in 5% salt plus sulphur dioxide
spray. All assemblies passed the test. A year later one of the unwashed assemblies was found to have cracked.
Sectioning revealed that tunneling occurred throughout the coupling, starting from the inside where electrolyte
had been trapped between the coupling and the tube.
Special effects have resulted from electrical currents and saline solutions. A cycling plus-minus 5 volt applied to
Tinel in a 150-ohm saline solution caused grain boundary cracking within 150 days. Also, when Tinel was
72 www.aerofit.com
made the cathode in a cell with a saline electrolyte and a voltage which caused hydrolysis of the water, the Tinel
was charged with nascent hydrogen. For several days after removal from the cell, chips of Tinel would forcibly
pop off the surface, especially at corners.
Products for Demanding Marine and Industrial Applications
SMA Fittings for marine and industrial use provide an innovative means to permanently join pipes and tubes
in critical high-performance systems. SMA Fitting’s reliable performance and reduced installation cost make it
superior to welding or brazing methods for both original construction and maintenance in a variety of applica-
tions.
Typical marine applications for SMA Fittings include hydraulic, compressed air, fire fighting, and gauge line
systems. SMA Fittings are used in over 20 different ship classes, including the DDG-51, CG-47, and LHD-1
classes.
SMA Fittings are also used in both nuclear and fossil fuel electric power generating plants for feed water, control,
and discharge systems.
Corrosion by Organic Chemicals
Acetic acid, CH3COOH, attacks Tinel at a modest rate of one to three mils per year (mpy) over the temperature
range 30°C to the boiling point and the concentration range 50% to 99.5%. The attack is fastest at the lowest
concentration at the highest temperature and at the highest concentration at the lower temperature. Seventy per
cent acetic acid with 0.1% formic acid, HCOOH, attacks at the same rate as 70% acetic acid: 0.3 mpy.
A study reported 5 mpy attack rate in 0.5M oxalic acid, H2C2O4, at 50°C.
Methanol, CH3OH, has a mixed history. A steel pipeline on the bottom of the North Sea was used to deliver
methanol as an anti-freeze to gas wells. An undersea repair was made to the line using a Tinel coupling which
served without problems for several years. A similar installation on a new drilling platform off Scotland leaked
within hours after being filled with methanol. This occurred again with several methanol line couplings under
Lake Erie. Tunneling of a type similar to that found with special marine exposure situations was the cause. Low
concentrations of water and halides in methanol cause attack on titanium alloys, whereas pure methanol or
more contaminated methanol does not. Perhaps this is true for Tinel, too.
A 15% solution of iodine in polyvinyl pyridine at 37°C and at 60°C caused severe cracking of Tinel couplings
within one month.
Tinel was not attacked after three months in a urea, CO(NH2)2, solution at 100°C.
The hydraulic fluids, Skydrol 500 and Aerosafe 2300, at 125°C and 135°C, respectively, for 20 hours caused
no attack on Tinel couplings. This preliminary observation has been corroborated by many years of satisfactory
Tinel service aboard aircraft.
Corrosion by Inorganic Chemicals
Tinel has been exposed to a number of different inorganic chemicals singly or in combinations and mostly as
aqueous solutions. The observations will be presented in alphabetical order:
Aluminum nitrate at 6.2M concentration and 50°C attacked Tinel at a fraction of a mil per year. However, 0.3M
A1 (NO3)3 + 0.6M HF + 12M HNO3 attacked at 1300 mpy.
At 50°C, 6.2M ammonium thiocyanate, NH4SCN did not attack Tinel.
Boron trifluoride plus hydrogen fluoride dissolved in water condensate on CryoFit couplings attacked at 20 to
40 mpy in a pitting mode and led to stress corrosion cracking.
73 www.aerofit.com
Bromine dissolved in methanol can chemically polish Tinel.
Tinel has been exposed to liquid cadmium with no ill effects.
Calcium hypochlorite at 70°C attacked at 15 mpy.
Chromic acid at 10% concentration and 70°C attacked at 1 mpy; 50%, at 2 mpy. One percent chromic acid plus
five per cent hydrochloric acid attacked at 18.5 mpy. Chromic acid at 6.8% plus 1.5% ferric chloride plus 9%
hydrochloric acid attacked at 2,200 mpy. Half a per cent chromic acid plus 5% sulfuric acid attacked at 1 mpy.
Copper chloride at 70°C attacked at 215 mpy.
Ferric chloride at 8% concentration and 70°C attacked at 350 mpy. 1.5% ferric chloride +2.5% HCl attacked at
110 mpy; +5% HCl, at 120 mpy; +10% HCl, dissolved the Tinel!
The attack of hydrochloric acid on Tinel has a strong dependence on temperature, acid concentration, and the
specific alloy composition. With 3% HCl at 100°C and a range of alloy compositions, the rate of attack was
as low as 14 mpy and as high as 129; with 5% HCl the rate was from 14 to 1,667 mpy. At room temperature
with 7M HCl, Tinel “A” lost from 9,000 to 18,000 mpy. Preliminary results indicate that gaseous HCl can cause
stressed CryoFit couplings to fail within minutes. Curiously, equal parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid,
concentrated nitric acid, and water at room temperature remove the heavy scale from hot worked Tinel without
noticeable attack of the alloy.
Combinations of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and water give some of the most useful solutions for chemical
surface treatment of Tinel. Descaling, metallographic etching, and chemical polishing at various rates can be
achieved by adjusting the ratios. One part of 40% HF, one part concentrated HNO3, and two and a half parts of
concentrated H2SO4 also brightens Tinel.
Hydrazine did not attack Tinel “A” in a 49-day test at 85°F. A 16-week test at 70°F also caused no attack.
Nitric acid is more aggressive toward Tinel than toward austenitic stainless steel. At 30°C, 10% HNO3 attacked
Tinel at 1 mpy; 60%, at 10 mpy; 5% HNO3 at its boiling point attacked at 80 mpy. In another test at 50°C, 3M
HNO3 attacked at 11.5 mpy, 7.5M at 29 mpy; and 12M, at 30.5 mpy. Red fuming nitric acid at room tempera-
ture caused extensive weight loss and pitting of Tinel within 48 hours.
The combination of 7.5M nitric acid with 0.02M sulfuric acid caused just 9 mpy attack on a Tinel coupon.
However, a Tinel coupling on a 304 stainless steel tube lost 29 mpy, whereas the stainless steel lost none.
Nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, caused no attack of Tinel during a 49-day exposure at 85°C.
Attack by phosphoric acid is a strong function of concentration and temperature. At 30°C, 5% H3PO4 attacks
Tinel at 0.5 mpy; for 50% H3PO4 at the boiling point the rate is 2,300 mpy. A CryoFit coupling im-mersed in
105 weight per cent H3PO4 at 400°F “completely dissolved within 48 hours”.
Potassium hydroxide does not seem to attack Tinel. Seven hundred twenty hours exposure to 6M KOH at 50°C
caused no loss of Tinel.
A CryoFit coupling joining two 304 stainless steel tubes was pressurized with helium. The assembly was im-
mersed in liquid sodium at 482°C for 30 minutes, then returned to room temperature. On the sixth cycle the
assembly leaked. The failure was attributed to creep; attack of the Tinel was not reported.
Sodium hydroxide at 20% concentration and 30°C attacks TiNi at 0.4 mpy; at the boiling point, 1.6 mpy.
Binary TiNi is attacked by 5 wt. sulfuric acid at 100°C at 8,200 mpy; by 10 wt. %, at 14,300 mpy. For highly
alloyed TiNi, 1% sulfuric acid at 30°C attacks at 0.4 mpy; concentrated sulfuric, at 84 mpy. At its boiling point,
0.1 % sulfuric acid attacks highly alloyed TiNi at 0.3 mpy; 5% sulfuric acid, at 460 mpy. At 50°C, 0.3M sulfuric
acid attacks Tinel at 3 mpy; 3.0M, at 670 mpy.
74 www.aerofit.com
Oxygen Compatibility
SMA products manufactured from Tinel have been found to be compatible with oxygen system applications due
to their geometry and passive protective oxide layer
We have carefully researched the topic and concluded that there is no reasonable possibility of this occurring.
Consider the following:
1. Spontaneous combustion of highly reactive materials is known -- fires from zirconium machining chips
caused serious damage and injuries in the 1960’s at the Bettis Atomic Power Labs in West Mifflin, PA; and
explosions involving aluminium powder are certainly common -- in fact, the self combustion of aluminium
provides the fuel for the space shuttle booster rockets. NiTi is indeed highly reactive, but far less so than is
pure titanium or aluminium. We have done a careful search of the literature on NiTi and found no published
or verifiable evidence of self-combustion with oxygen. The only reference to the effects of NiTi in oxygen
is an obscure letter written from the NASA Marshall Flight Center to Raychem in 1971. It was found that an
unidentified NiTi alloy sustained some reaction in gaseous and liquid oxygen above 150 psia. However, it
must be noted that neither the alloy, the test conditions or sample configurations were documented. If NASA
conducted the tests according to the ASTM test method, which involves the use of dropped weights, to obtain
these results, then there would seem to be absolutely no correlation to your fluid fittings applications.
2. All known combustion events of similar materials have involved forms such as fine powders or machining
chips, where the surface area to volume ratios are very high. The products you use, however, are bulk prod-
ucts and have nowhere near the surface area to volume ratio required to self-combust. Roughly speaking,
the ratio in a -6 CryOlive (3/8” I.D.) is about 10,000 times lower than that which would be found in a fine
powder. Very fine sheet and wire products would have a higher propensity to combust than would the CryO-
live, but still would be considered safe by any measure. Keep in mind, sheets of 0.1mm thicknesses and wires
of 0.02mm diameter have been in use for some time without adverse observations.
Note that it is possible for shapes to have very fine burrs, depending upon manufacturing methods. Fine
burrs are candidates for combustion, but would not trigger a general combustion event. Combustion de-
burring is, in fact, a common and harmless production method used with stainless steels and like materials.
3. Combustion can only happen in the absence of a passive oxide layer. Aluminium powder, for example, is
explosive after atomization in high purity helium, but not after atomization in air. Aluminium tubing is com-
monly used upon aircraft even though aluminium is the most reactive metal known -- many more times so
than is nickel-titanium. Safety, in this case, is provided by the passive oxide layer formed by nature itself dur-
ing the processing of the tubing. Nickel-titanium is well known to have such a protective layer. New metal is
exposed by machining but the oxide layer is immediately reformed due to exposure to coolant water and air.
Moreover, your finished products are heat treated which eliminates all chance that parts go unprotected.
4. Combustion of NiTi is known in one particular case: if elemental ingredients are pressed together in the
absence of oxygen, then heated rapidly and adiabatically to 720°C, they can “combust”. That is, they will
chemically combine in an exothermic manner, heating specimens beyond their melting points. This, clearly,
is completely irrelevant to your situation since you use pre-alloyed material. We mention this simply because
there are literature references to such “combustion synthesis” methods which might tend to mislead people
into believing this is a problem with the alloy in general.”
75 www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
Seal, Hold and Flex
Seal, hold, and flex are the essential tasks that any flareless sleeve must perform, in addition to properly mating
with the flareless fitting end. Sealing in this context refers to the sleeve-to-tube juncture. Holding refers to the
sleeve’s ability to withstand various operating loads, i.e. tension and torsion. Flex refers to the sleeve’s ability to
withstand flexural loads. To aid understanding of how CryOlive sleeves work, Figure 7 identifies the regions of
the sleeve responsible for the various tasks it must perform.
Figure 7
TASK REGIONS OF A CRYOLIVE SLEEVE

HOLD FLEX
MATE (BODY) (TAIL)
(NOSE)
SEAL (TEETH)
Sealing: CryOlive Sleeves

The tube-to-sleeve seal occurs at the teeth, and is a pressure boundary. No leakage is allowed. A robust seal is
essential. Sealing is a task at which CryOlive sleeves excel because of shape-memory. To understand the role
shape-memory plays in sealing, it is useful to examine the stress-strain curves for the sleeve and the tube during
installation (constrained recovery). These are shown in Figures 8a and 8b respectively.
76 www.aerofit.com
Figure 8a Figure 8b
3
6 f f
2
Tube Yields
Sleeve Contacts Tube Sleeve Contacts Tube
1 5 4 1
SLEEVE TUBE
In Figure 8a, sleeve contact with the tube begins at point 5. In Figure 8b sleeve contact with the tube begins
at point 1. After contact, stress builds rapidly in both the sleeve and the tube. Looking at the tube stress/strain
curve, the tube begins to yield and continues to yield until equilibrium is reached between the tube and the
sleeve. At this point recovery ceases. It is very important to note that when recovery ceases there is no let-off, or
springback in either the tube or the sleeve, and that the final stress in each remains high. The remaining high
interfacial pressure between the tube and the sleeve is the paramount feature of the CryOlive SMA sleeve. It is
this interfacial pressure, transmitted primarily through the teeth, which creates and sustains the metal-to-metal
seal between the tube and the sleeve.
Sealing: MS 21922 Flareless Sleeves
Sealing with MS 21922 sleeves is accomplished quite differently. Figure 9 shows a detail of the MS 21922 sleeve
before and after installation. MS 21922 sleeves are often called “bite-type” sleeves. When the sleeve is installed
on the tube, the nut (or pre-setter) pushes the sleeve towards the end of the tube and the nose of the sleeve is
forced into the tube by the conical taper of the fitting end. The small, sharp, case-hardened cutting edge on the
inside surface of the nose digs or “bites” into the tube surface and throws up a burr, hence the term “bite-type”
sleeve. The bite is where the sleeve-to-tube seal occurs.
Figure 9
MS 21922 SLEEVE DETAIL
PRE-INSTALLED INSTALLED
CUTTING EDGE
MS 21922 sleeves work satisfactorily on soft steel and aluminum tubes but don’t work well on harder tube ma-
terials, (21-6-9 CRES and 3AL-2.5V titanium, for example) as they can’t bite into them with a high degree of
consistency and reliability.
77 www.aerofit.com
Holding: CryOlive Sleeves
As previously stated, holding refers to the sleeve’s ability to withstand all of the various operating loads, i.e. ten-
sile and torsional loads caused by fluid pressure, structural flexing, and vibration. With CryOlive sleeves, there
are two mechanisms doing the holding: mechanical interference and friction. Mechanical interference is cre-
ated as the sleeve swages the tube into a drawing-die configuration. The interfacial pressure, or radial loading,
between the sleeve and the tube creates friction forces which oppose axial and torsional loads.
Holding and sealing are both aided by tooth “bite”. The sleeve’s teeth concentrate the recovery forces and actu-
ally indent the surface of the tube as the sleeve recovers. This creates additional mechanical interference between
the sleeve and the tube and enhances the tensile load carrying ability of the sleeve. Figure 10 contains a cutaway
view of a CryOlive sleeve installed on tube.
Figure 10
INSTALLED CRYOLIVE SLEEVE
Empirical and analytical study of the interaction between the tube and the teeth has led to thorough under-
standing of the tooth geometry and spacing needed to produce the optimum drawing-die configuration. State-
of-the-art finite element analysis involving plastic deformation analysis with slide lines was employed to opti-
mize the configuration of the teeth for optimum “bite”.
The sealing and holding ability of CryOlive sleeves are both entirely dependent on the sleeve’s ability to swage the
tube. With this in mind, many who are unfamiliar with shape-memory technology feel compelled to ask, “Will
the sleeve always swage the tube enough?”, and the converse, “Can the sleeve swage the tube too much?”
Holding: MS 21922 Flareless Sleeve
With MS 21922 sleeves there are also two mechanisms providing holding ability. There is mechanical inter-
ference resulting from the deformation that takes place when the sleeve is set, and there is the “bite” that was
described in the discussion of sealing. As mentioned previously, the bite isn’t good on hard tubes.
Taking these questions one at a time, the answer to the first question is yes, the sleeve will always swage the tube
sufficiently. Two things are required for proper swaging: sufficient force, and sufficient motion. As was men-
tioned early on, the alloy can develop hoop stress upwards of 60 KSI (412 MPa) during constrained recovery.
This ability is an inherent property of the alloy, and is a function of alloy composition and processing. Consistent
alloy exhibits consistent shape-memory behavior. Alloy production, processes, controls, and quality checks are
utilized to assure consistent material. Determination of the force required to swage a tube of a given material,
strength, and stiffness is relatively straightforward, and burst performance requirements, typically 4X, dictate
the amount of swaging necessary to meet the requirements. Conventional calculations are then employed to
determine the cross sectional thickness of alloy required to do the job. In general, ensuring sufficient swaging
involves 1) balancing the stress the shape-memory alloy can produce with the force required to swage a given
tube via sleeve cross section, and 2) sizing the sleeve’s as-machined ID so as to effectively use the available shape-
memory motion.
As mentioned earlier, CryOlive sleeves were designed to be used with most common aerospace tubing: 6061-
T6 aluminum, 304 1/8 hard CRES, 21-6-9 CRES, 3Al-2.5V CWSR titanium, etc. As far as tube swaging is con-
cerned, the sleeve’s cross section and ID are sized such that even at their worst-case tolerance extremes, i.e. the
78 www.aerofit.com
minimum cross-section and the maximum tooth ID, the sleeve has enough stored energy and motion to swage
the strongest, stiffest tube, i.e. 4000 psi rated CWSR titanium tube per AMS4944, with the tube in its least favor-
able condition, i.e. minimum OD, maximum wall, and maximum yield strength.
The following example illustrates how a sleeve is sized so as to swage properly under adverse tolerance stack-ups.
A size -20 shape-memory alloy sleeve is used in this example.
Tube OD: 1.249-1.254
Machined Sleeve ID: 1.186-1.192
EXPANDED SLEEVE ID
1. Max Tube Diameter: 1.254
2. Min. Clearance at Installation: +.005
3. Required Min Expanded Sleeve ID: 1.259
REQUIRED SLEEVE MOTION
4. Min Required Tube Swaging (2%): 1.249 X .02 = .025
5. Unresolved Sleeve Recovery (2%): 1.192 X .02 = .024
6. Tube Tolerance: 1.254 - 1.249 = .005
7. Installation Clearance: 1.259 - 1.254 = .005
8. Necessary Sleeve Motion: 4 + 5 + 6 +7 = .059
EXCESS MOTION
9. Min. Available Sleeve Motion: 1.259 - 1.190 = .069
10. Necessary Sleeve Motion: -.059
11. Excess Available Motion: .010
Dimensions in inches.
Note the following about the preceding exercise:
2% swaging is a nominal figure considered by Aerofit, Inc. engineers to provide good “holding” ability. Note
that 2% swaging is based on the minimum OD tube and is therefore conservative. 2% unresolved recovery refers
to the difference between the as-machined, or free-recovered, sleeve ID and the as-installed ID. 2% is a nominal
figure considered by Aerofit, Inc. engineers to provide good sealing ability. Note that 2% unresolved is based on
the max machined sleeve ID, and is also conservative.
Excess available motion (.010 in this example) and the unresolved recovery ensure that the sleeve will always
swage the tube sufficiently.
A size -20 sleeve is used as an example here but the situation is typical. There is excess available motion for all
sizes of sleeves.
Moving now to the second question, “Can the sleeve swage the tube too much?” The answer is no, but this an-
swer requires some qualification. The sleeve can only recover to its original, as-machined size. This can only
occur if there is little or no resistance from the tube or no tube at all.
Low-strength, low stiffness tubes are not ideally suited to CryOlive installations, nor to any other flareless design,
for that matter. Consider 1.000 x .020 wall, 5052-0 aluminum tube, for example. This is a very low strength,
low stiffness tube. This tubing would present little resistance to the swaging force of a CryOlive sleeve. The
sleeve would recover virtually all the way to its as-machined ID resulting in very little unresolved recovery. The
benefits of the “live crimp” action that results from unresolved recovery are lost in this situation.
Other questions that have been raised with regard to swaging are, “Is it possible for the nose to swage so much
as to lose its ability to mate with the MS fitting end?”, and, “Can the sleeve body swage to the point where it
would not have adequate contact with the shoulder of the coupling-nut?”. The answer on both accounts is no.
These possibilities were addressed in the sleeve design by configuring the nose so that it is incapable of swaging
upon recovery, and by ensuring there was adequate overlap of the nut and sleeve shoulders after recovery.
79 www.aerofit.com
Flexing: CryOlive Sleeves
Referring to Figure 7, note the tail region of the sleeve. The tail is responsible for flexure performance. The
tail bleeds off bending stresses encountered by the tube. Firm, uniform contact between the tube and the tail
is required to effectively transfer the stresses from the tube to the sleeve. Here the interfacial pressure of the
shape-memory effect is tailored via tail geometry to provide gradual, uniform support of the tube. In addition
the ID of the tail is coated with a solid film lubricant to combat fretting between the sleeve and the tube. Flex-
ural endurance of CryOlive shape-memory sleeves is often limited by the flexural endurance of the tube. 4000
psi rated CryOlive sleeves, for example, were qualified on 3Al-2.5V titanium tubing in flexure with a minimum
of ten million cycles at 20,750 psi minimum dynamic bending stress. No other 4000 psi rated separable fit-
ting is qualified at this stress in every size. Figure 11 and Figure 12 display CryOlive sleeve flexure results from
qualification testing on 4000 and 3000 psi rated CWSR titanium tube, respectively. CryOlive sleeves meet the
flexure requirements of AS18280.
Figure 11
4000 PSI QUALIFICATION FLEXURE TEST RESULTS
CRYOLIVE SLEEVES ON
4000 PSI CWSR TITANIUM TUBE
50000
-4 test halted; no failure

40000 -6 test halted; no failure
-6
STRESS (PSI)

30000
20000
10000
RUNOUT BEYOND
10,000,000 CYCLES
0
3 4 5 6 7 8
CYCLES
80 www.aerofit.com
Figure 12
3000 PSI QUALIFICATION FLEXURE TEST RESULTS
CRYOLIVE SLEEVES ON
3000 PSI CWSR TITANIUM TUBE
50000
-4
40000 -4 test halted; no failure
-6
30000 -8
STRESS (PSI)
20000
10000
RUNOUT BEYOND
10,000,000 CYCLES
0
3 4 5 6 7 8
CYCLES
Mating: CryOlive Sleeves vs. MS 21922 Sleeves
When mated, the contacting surfaces of a flareless sleeve and flareless fitting end form a pressure boundary.
Proper mating is essential. To hold pressure, the surfaces must contact uniformly and be held together firmly.
The sleeves and fittings are machined within certain tolerances. Proper mating must occur for any combination
of permissible tolerance conditions of both the mating parts. Flareless connections are required by AS18280 to
be capable of eight repeated assemblies.
Proper mating must be established each time the joint is reassembled. In actual usage, reassembly may involve
replacement of the fitting, in which case the sleeve may encounter a fitting end that is likely to be in a slightly
different tolerance condition than its predecessor. So proper mating must occur 1) for any permissible toler-
ance condition of both parts, 2) with repeated assembly, and 3) if components are interchanged. To accomplish
this, the design and/or the components need to have some “give” in them. MS sleeves and CryOlive sleeves
both provide the necessary “give”, but differ in one key aspect: MS sleeves do not have positive stop whereas
CryOlive sleeves do.
Because they have no positive stop, MS sleeves are susceptible to problems resulting from over torquing. Torqu-
ing beyond the prescribed limits forces the MS sleeve deeper and deeper into the conical taper of the fitting end
and results in deformation of the sleeve. The deformation can cause leakage or if the over torquing is severe the
sleeve can actually buckle. In either case the deformation interferes with proper mating upon reassembly with
the same fitting or a different fitting.
CryOlive sleeves are not susceptible to over torquing. The shoulder on the sleeve butts against the end of the
fitting as the joint is torqued up and thus limits the penetration of the nose into the fitting end, even if the joint
is overtorqued.
81 www.aerofit.com
GENERAL INFORMATION
Common Questions
If I let a coupling recover (shrink), can I put it back in liquid nitrogen to re-expand it?
No, it must be returned to the distributor for re-expansion. But make sure that it is returned, because the ability
to re-expand couplings ensures that the investment in the product is not lost if it recovers for whatever reason.
Do not throw away/dispose of recovered couplings!
If I let a coupling recover on a tube without it being properly positioned, can I remove the coupling by putting it back in
liquid nitrogen?
No, once the coupling shrinks on a tube, the only way to remove it is to cut it off the tube.
If the joint is cooled below the transformation temperature of the alloy, will the coupling fail?
No, the coupling will become relatively weaker at cryogenic temperatures, but will not fail. Recall that the only
way a coupling can be expanded at low temperatures is by mechanical force, as in the mandrel used in the man-
ufacturing process. The low temperature itself will not cause the coupling to expand. Indeed NASA have tested
couplings at -320ºF (-196ºC) and recorded Helium leak rates of less than 10-5 cc/sec.
Is there a corrosion problem between the coupling (which contains titanium) and aluminum tubing?
No. Even though titanium and aluminum are at opposite ends of the galvanic scale, testing and thirty years of
experience of using the alloy on aluminum have shown that corrosion problems do not readily occur. The key
is properly protected aluminum tube. Corrosion problems on unprotected aluminum tube will occur with any
coupling, not just SMA products!
How long do I have till the coupling recovers?

The complete answer is it depends on the size of the coupling which translates into the mass of the metal. The
tube material can also influence recovery with aluminum transferring temperature the quickest and titanium
transferring temperature the slowest. But on the average, you should have about 30 seconds to install a coupling
prior to recovery. This time can be increased by cooling the tube prior to installation.
What is the shelf life of the couplings in storage?

Unlimited - provided the liquid nitrogen in the storage vessel is kept refilled.
Are there Shape Memory Alloy tees and elbows too?

Because of the limitations of the expansion process ( the final stage of manufacturing of all Shape Memory Al-
loy couplings ) it is not possible to have tees and elbows made from Shape Memory Alloy - they would in any
case be somewhat complex to install. However, Aerofit offers a wide range of CryoFit-compatible tees, elbows,
crosses, bulkhead fittings, in both permanent connection styles and with threaded interface to some ports for
connection to Flared, Flareless and Beamseal systems. These compatible fittings are generally made from Ti-6Al-
4V alloy for maximum strength and lowest weight and come ready marked and prepared for use with the rel-
evant CryoFit couplings. They are fully qualified to the relevant industry or in-house specifications for use with
CryoFit couplings.
82 www.aerofit.com
Can CryoFit, Cryolive and CryoFlare be used for Battle Damage Repair?
Absolutely, CryoFit can often provide the quickest and most effective permanent repair to any damage, whether
in a military or civilian context. It has the crucial advantage over all other systems of requiring much less disas-
sembly of surrounding components.
CryOlive and CryoFlare are even simpler to install and can be used to provide the mating interface for a tempo-
rary repair with a flexible hose.
Can they be installed while wearing NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Warfare) Protective Equipment?
Yes, the simplicity of the installation process means that CryoFit, CryoFlare and CryOlive are ideal for installa-
tions where vision and manual dexterity are impaired. As an added benefit the standard NATO issue inner and
outer glove combination can also be used for short periods with Liquid Nitrogen without any additional protec-
tion.
Are CryoFit and CryOlive joints electrically conductive? Do they meet requirements for Lightning Strike?
Yes, Tinel has a resistivity of 100 x 10-6 ohm-cm. The resistance of assembled CryoFit joints is only very slightly
higher than for tube of an equivalent material, size and length. Both CryoFit and the separable CryOlive/Light-
weight Union joint easily meet the requirements of BAC5117.
QA Summary
• A coupling which has warmed up cannot be re-expanded by re-immersion in liquid nitrogen.
• It is impossible to install a coupling on to a tube assembly unless it is in the expanded (as-delivered)
condition.
• This characteristic acts as fail-safe: a coupling which has not been expanded, or which has been allowed to
warm prematurely, cannot be installed.
• The characteristics of shape-memory-alloy are such that a correctly installed coupling will not leak.
• Only a visual inspection of the position of the coupling with respect to the installation witness marks is
required.
• Additional examination by radiography or endoscope provides no additional information and is of no
value.
83 www.aerofit.com
Aerofit, Inc.
APT Laboratory
1425 South Acacia Avenue
Fullerton, California,92831 USA
www.aerofit.com
www.aptlab.com

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Fluid Fitting System: Product Handbook & Engineering Data

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Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)

Fluid Fitting System

has a stress strain curve more like that of an

CryoFit’s tool-less installation

The compact, one piece CryoFit coupling is manufactured

The CryoFit fitting systems have an outstanding record of over 39 years

2PHS111-20 1.250 1.259 1.517 2.322

2PHS111-24 1.500 1.510 1.724 2.500

BASIC PART NUMBER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE IN .062

M2PHS111-08 8 8.15 10.4 22.3 3.8

BASIC PART NUMBER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE

5. DRY FILM LUBRICANT ON TAIL ONLY

3PHS111-04 .250 .255 .350 .971 / .991 .009

BASIC PART NUMBER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE IN .062

4PHS111-04 .250 .255 .345 .687 / .707 .005

BASIC PART NUMBER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE IN .062

5PHS111-04 .250 .255 .345 .709 .006

BASIC PART NUMBER SIZE CODE, TUBE SIZE IN .062

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

2=2000 PSI TUBE SIZE PORT #1 & NA

XPHS124 XPHS124-10 XPHS124-10-08

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

XPHS216 XPHS216-10 XPHS216-10-08

XPHS 228 XPHS228-10 XPHS228-10-08

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

XPHS314 XPHS314-10 XPHS314-10-08-10

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

XPHS143 XPHS143-10 XPHS143-10-08

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

XPHS324 XPHS324-10 XPHS324-10-08-10

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

XPHS224 XPHS224-10 XPHS224-10-08

XPHS225 XPHS225-10 XPHS225-10-08

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

XPHS325 XPHS325-10 XPHS325-10-08-10

XPHS328 XPHS328-10 XPHS328-10-08-10

XPHS330 XPHS330-10 XPHS330-10-08-10

XPHS333 XPHS333-10 XPHS333-10-08-10

XPHS334 XPHS334-10 XPHS334-10-08-10

XPHS341 XPHS341-10 XPHS341-10-08-10

PART NUMBER EXAMPLE PART NUMBER

Port #2 BASIC NUMBER

II. INSTALLATION TOOLS

1) CRYOFIT INSTALLATION PACKAGE (Figure 1): An outer shell sur-

5) INSTALLATION STOP (Figure 5): O-ring or “U-shaped” plastic

III(a) INSPECTION OF COUPLING INSIDE DIAMETER (I.D.)

III(b) TUBE PREPARATION

IV. INSTALLATION PROCESS

IV(a) TUBE TO TUBE INSTALLATION

When you do not have a markingMARKING

2PHS111 3PHS111 4PHS111 5PHS111

Tube A Min B Max A Min B Max A Min B Max A Min B Max

1/4 0.487 0.607 0.34 0.67 0.289 0.409 0.294 0.414

8) The following steps should be performed sequentially and without delay:

IV(b) INSTALLATION OF FITTING TO TUBE:

FITTING LEG AND TUBE TEST COUPLING

V. CRYOFIT COUPLINGS AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION TOOLS

4PHS111 Series CryoFit Couplings

5PHS111 Series CryoFit Couplings

Tube Coupling Test Marking Tube Chiller Installation

1.T1 is fixed. T2 cannot be moved axially, but can be deflected as shown.