PS1-Balitayo-Eejay-D.

A rectangular beam of cross section 350 mm deep and 250 mm wide is prestressed by means of 15 wires

of 5 mm diameter located 65 mm from the bottom of the beam and 3 wires of diameter of 5 mm, 25

mm from the top. Assuming the prestress in the steel is 840 MPa and the density of concrete is 24KN/m 3

a. Calculate the stresses at the extreme fibers of the mid-span section then the beam is supporting

its own weight over a span of 6m.

(15 𝑥 65 ) + (3 𝑥 25)
y=
18

y = 108.33 mm

Eccentricity = c – y

e = 175 – 108.33

e = 66.67 mm

Prestessing Force

P = 840 (18)(19.7)

P = 3x105 N

Area of Cross-Section

A = 350(250)

A = 8.75 x104 mm2

Moment of Area
 250(350)3
I= =89.32X107 mm2
12

Section Modulus

89.32𝑥107
S= = 5.10x106 mm3
175

Self – weight

Beam weight = 24(0.25)(0.35) = 2.1 KN/m

𝑤𝑙2 2.1(6)2
Mweight = = = 9.45 KN.m
8 8

𝑀𝑐 9.45𝑥106 (175)
Due to Fweight = 250(350)3
= 1.85 MPa
𝐼
12

Due to Prestress

𝑃 3𝑥105
f= = = 3.43MPa
𝐴 8.75𝑥104

Bending Stress due to Prestress

𝑃𝑒𝑐 3𝑥105 (66.67)(175)

f= = 250(350)3
= 3.91 MPa
𝐼
12

ftop = -3.43 + 3.91 – 1.85 = -1.41 (compression)

fbot = -3.43 – 3.91 + 1.85 = 2.33 (tension)

b. Construct the stress diagram for question A

-3.43 + 3.91 -1.85 -1.41

-3.43 - 3.91 +1.85 +2.33

PS-Abelardo-Dan-Angelo-L.
An 8m long cantilever T-beam shown supports a uniformly distributed load of 8kN/m
including its own weight throughout its length. To prevent excessive deflection of the beam, it
is pre-stressed with 16mm diameter strands causing a pre-stress force of 650kN.

a. Calculate the Moment of Inertia of Section.

b. Determine the resulting stress at the top
fiber of the beam at the fixed end if the center of
gravity of the strands is 75mm above the neutral
axis of the section.
c. Determine the eccentricity of the pre-stress
force at the fixed end such that the resulting stress
at the top fiber of the beam at the fixed end is zero.

a. Calculate the Moment of Inertia of Section.

A1 = (300)(100) = 30000mm2 I = I + Ad2A2 = (500)(100) = 50000mm2
1 100
I = (300)(1003 ) + 30000( + 500 − 362.5)2
12 2
1
+ 12 (100)(5003 ) + 50000(362.5 − 250)2
ATӮ = ƩAӮ I = 27.541 x 108 mm4
80000Ӯ = 30000(550) + 50000(250)
Ӯ = 362.5mm from bottom fiber
b. Resulting stress at the top fiber of the beam at the fixed end if the center of gravity of
the strands is 75mm above the neutral axis of the section.
M = WL(L/2)
M = 8(8)(4)
M = 256kNm

Due to bending cause by load of 8kn/m Due to Pre-stressing and Moment

𝑀𝑐 𝑃 𝑀𝑐
ftop = 𝐼
ftop = − 𝐴 − 𝐼
256(600−362.5)(106 ) 650(1000) 650(.75)(600−362.5)(1000)
ftop = ftop = − −
27.541 x 108 80000 27.541 x 108
ftop = 22.076 Mpa ftop = -8.167 Mpa

Stress at top fiber of the beam

ftop = 22.076 – 8.167
ftop = 13.91 Mpa (tension)
c. The eccentricity of the pre-stress force at the fixed end such that the resulting stress at
the top fiber of the beam at the fixed end is zero.
M = 256knm
ftop due to moment Due to Pre-stressing force
𝑀𝑐
ftop = 𝐼
M = 650(103)e
256(600−362.5)(106 ) 𝑃 𝑀𝑐
ftop = ftop = − 𝐴 −
27.541 x 108 𝐼
650(1000) 650(𝑒)(600−362.5)(1000)
ftop = 22.076 Mpa ftop = − −
80000 27.541 x 108
ftop = -8.125 – 0.056e
ftop = 8.125 + 0.056e
Assume Tension is equal to Compression to produce zero stress
22.076 = 8.125 + .056e
.056e = 13.95
e = 248.89 mm
PS-Aguilar-Mary-Jane-S.C.
A 300 mm x 400 mm concrete beam has a span of 6 m. a posttension force of 640 kN was
applied at a point 70 mm above the bottom of the beam. Assume concrete wont crack in
tension. f’c = 20.7 MPa. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3.
a. Compute the deflection due to pre stressing force of 240 kN.
b. Compute the net deflection of the beam immediately after transfer.
c. Compute the safe uniform live load that maybe imposed on the beam so that there will
be a net deflection upward of 5 mm.

Solution:
a. Deflection due to pre stressing force of 240 kN

e = 200-70
e = 130 mm
M = Pe
M = 640(0.13)
M = 83.2 kN.m
𝑀𝐿2
ᵟ1 = 8𝐸𝐼
300(400)2
I= 12
I = 1600x106
E = 4700√f’c
E = 4700√20.7
E = 21384 MPa
𝑀𝐿2
ᵟ1 = 8𝐸𝐼
83.2𝑥106(6000)2
ᵟ1 = 8(21384)(1600)106
ᵟ1 = 10.94 mm (upward)

b. Net deflection of the beam immediately after transfer.

W = 0.3(0.4)(23.5)(6)
W = 2.82 kN/m
5𝑊𝐿2
ᵟ2 = 384𝐸𝐼
5(2820)(6)(6000)2
ᵟ2 = 384(21384)(1600)106
ᵟ2 = 1.39 mm
Net deflection
ᵟ = ᵟ1 - ᵟ2
ᵟ = 10.94 - 1.39
ᵟ = 9.55 mm (upward)

c. Safe uniform live load that maybe imposed on the beam so that there will be a net
deflection upward of 5 mm.

9.55 - ᵟ4 = 5 mm
ᵟ4 = 4.55 mm
5𝑊𝐿2
ᵟ4 = 384𝐸𝐼
5𝑊(1000)(6)(6000)2
4.55 = 384(21384)(1600)106
W = 9.23 kN/m
PS-Andres-Charlene-D.
A beam with width b = 300 mm and depth d = 600 mm is to be prestressed. Considering a
15% prestress loss, compute the value of initial prestressing force P and eccentricity e.
A) If the compressive stress is 21 MPa.
B) If the compressive stress at the bottom fiber is 12 MPa and a tensile stress at the fiber is 2
MPa.
C) If he compressive stress at the top fiber is 16 MPa and zero at the bottom fiber.

Solution:
A) b = 300 mm 15% loss
d = 600 mm Pἱ =?
e =?
P = 0.855Pἱ --- equation 1

e=0
𝑃
F= P P
𝐴
𝑃
-21 = −
300(600)

P = 3780 KN
Substitute P to equation 1
3780 = 0.85 Pἱ
Pἱ = 4447.06 KN, e = 0 (ANSWER)

B) Top:
−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
2=
300(600)
+ 300(600)2 , P = 900 KN 900 = 0.85 Pἱ

Bottom: e = 140 Pἱ = 1059 KN (ANSWER)

−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
-12 = --
300(600) 300(600)2

C) Top:
−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
-16 = - , P = 1440 KN 1440 = 0.85
300(600) 300(600)2

Bottom: e = 100 Pἱ = 1694 KN (ANSWER)

−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
0= + 300(600)2
300(600)
PS-Bayle-Georgia-Venice-V.
A beam with width b = 250 mm and depth d = 450 mm is pre stressed by an initial force of 600
kN. Total loss of pre stress at service loads is 15%.
1. Calculate the resulting final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at the
centroid of the beam section.
2. Calculate the final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at an
eccentricity of 100 mm below the centroid of the beam section.
3. Calculate the eccentricity at which the pre stressing force can be applied so that the
resulting tensile stress at the top fiber of the beam is zero.

Solution:
1. Final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at the centroid of the beam
section.

𝑃
𝜕=
𝐴
600(0.85)(1000)
=
250(450)
𝑀𝐴 = −4.53 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

2. Final compression stress if the pre stressing force is applied at an eccentricity of 100 mm
below the centroid of the beam section.

𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝐶
𝑓𝑡 = +
𝐴 𝐼
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑡 = +
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
600000(0.85) 6(600000)(0.85)(100)
𝑓𝑡 = −
250(450) 250(450)2
𝑓𝑡 = −10.58 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
 3. Eccentricity at which the pre stressing force can be applied so that the resulting tensile
stress at the top fiber of beam is zero.

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑡 = +
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
−600000 6(600000)𝑒
0= +
250(450) 250(450)2
600000 6(600000)𝑒
=
250(450) 250(450)2

𝑒 = 75𝑚𝑚
PS-Binuya-Anna-E.

A pre stressed concrete simple beam having a cross section of

300mmx600mm is subjected to a pre stressing force in steel which

eventually reduce to 1200KN due to losses acting on a parabolic tendons.

The beam carries a total uniform distributed load of 20 KN/m including

beam’s weight. Using three methods calculate the total stresses at mid

span section of the beam.

Given:

B = 300mm
D = 600mm
P = 1200KN
W = 20 KN/m
E @ mid span = 50 mm
E @ end section = 0 mm
L = 10 mm

 Stress calculation

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6𝑀
𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝐴 + − 𝑏𝑑2
𝑏𝑑 2

(20)(102 )
1200 (103) (6)1200 (103 )50 6( 8
)(106 )
𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 300 𝑥 600 + 300 𝑥 6002 − 300 𝑥 6002

𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = -17.222 MPa

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6𝑀
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − 𝐴 − 𝑏𝑑 2
+ 𝑏𝑑2
(20)(102 )
1200 (103) (6)1200 (103 )50 6( )(106 )
8
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − − +
300 𝑥 600 300 𝑥 6002 300 𝑥 6002

𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 3.889 MPa

 Internal Resisting Couple Method

(𝑤)(𝐿2 )
𝑀=
8

(20)(102 )
𝑀=
8
𝑀 = 250 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀 = 𝑃ℎ

250(106 ) = 1200 (103 )ℎ

ℎ = 208.333 𝑚𝑚

208.333 = 50 + 𝑒′

𝑒′ = 158.333 mm

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′
𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝐴 + 𝑏𝑑 2

1200 (103) (6)1200 (103 )158.333

𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − +
300 𝑥 600 300 𝑥 6002

𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = -17.222 MPa

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − 𝐴 − 𝑏𝑑 2
1200 (103) (6)1200 (103 )158.333
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − −
300 𝑥 600 300 𝑥 6002

𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 3.889 MPa

 Load Balancing

𝑤 ′ = 𝑤 − 𝑤𝑝

8𝑃𝑒
𝑤𝑝 = 2
𝐿

8(1200) (0.05)
𝑤𝑝 =
(10)2

𝐾𝑁
𝑤𝑝 = 4.80
𝑚
𝑤 ′ = 20 − 4.80 = 15.20 KN/m

𝑃 6𝑀
𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝐴 − 𝑏𝑑2

(15.20)(102)
1200 (103) 6( )(106)
8
𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 300 𝑥 600 − 300 𝑥 6002

𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑝 = -17.222 MPa

𝑃 6𝑀
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − 𝐴 + 𝑏𝑑2
(15.20)(102 )
1200 (103) 6( 8
)(106)
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − +
300 𝑥 600 300 𝑥 6002

𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 3.889 MPa

PS-BulananHectorM.
A pre-stressed concrete beam, 250 mm wide by 600 mm deep, supports a
uniformly distributed dead load of 8.5 kN/m in addition to its weight
throughout its 10 meter span. It is pre-tensioned with steel tendons placed 100
mm from the bottom of the beam and subjected to an initial prestress force of
1880 kN. The beam is used to support a live load of 25 kN/m. Use weight of
concrete 24 kN/𝑚3 .
1. Determine the resulting temporary stress at the bottom fiber of the
beam at midspan immediately after the transfer of prestress.
2. Determine the stress at the bottom fiber of the beam at midspan after
allowance for 25% losses at final service loads.
3. Determine the stress at the top of the beam at the supports after
allowance for 25% losses at final service loads.
Solution:
1. L=10 m

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = – 𝐴 − 𝑏𝑑2
600
1880(103 ) 6(1880)(103 )(200)
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = – −
200 250(600) 250(6002 )
P 𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = – 37.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
100

250

2. 𝑤 = 25 + 8.5 + 0.25(0.60)(24)
𝑘𝑁
𝑤 = 37.1 𝑚

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= 8

37.1(10)2
𝑀= 8

𝑀 = 463.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6𝑀
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = – 0.75 − 0.75 +
𝐴 𝑏𝑑2 𝑏𝑑2

1880(103) 6(1880)(103)(200) 6(463.75)(106 )

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = – 0.75 − 0.75 +
250(600) 250(6002 ) 250(600)2

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 2.72 𝑀𝑃𝑎

3.

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = – 0.75 − 0.75
𝐴 𝑏𝑑2

1880(103 ) 6(1880)(103)(200)
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = – 0.75 + 0.75
250(600) 250(6002 )

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 9.4 𝑀𝑃𝑎

PS-CONSTANTINO-AILENE-P.

A post-tensioned bonded concrete beam has a prestress of 1560 kN in the steel

immediately after prestressing which eventually reduces to 1330 kN. The beam carries
two live loads of 45 kN each in addition to its own weight of 4.40 kN/m. Compute the
extreme fiber stresses at mid-span: (a) under the initial condition with full prestress and
no live load (b) under final condition after all the losses have taken place and with full live
load.

SOLUTION:

Section Properties:

𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ = 300(600) = 180000 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏ℎ3 (300)(600)3
𝐼= = = 5.4𝑥109 𝑚𝑚4
12 12

(a) Initial Condition:

𝑤𝐿2 4.4(12)2
𝑀= = = 79.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑐
𝑓=− ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
1560𝑥103 1560𝑥103 (125)(300) 79.2𝑥106 (300)
𝑓=− ± ±
180000 5.4𝑥109 5.4𝑥109
𝑓 = −8.667 ± 10.833 ± 4.40

𝑓𝑡 = −8.667 − 10.833 + 4.40 = −15.10 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑏 = −8.667 + 10.833 − 4.40 = −2.434 𝑀𝑃𝑎

(b) Final Condition:

Moment at mid-span
𝑀𝐿𝐿 = 𝑃𝑎 = 45(4.5) = 202.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑤𝐿2 4.4(12)2
𝑀𝐷𝐿 = = = 79.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑀𝑇 = 79.20 + 202.5 = 281.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Stresses:

𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑇 𝑐
𝑓=− ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
1330𝑥103 1330𝑥103 (125)(300) 281.7𝑥106
𝑓=− ± ±
180000 5.4𝑥10^9 5.4𝑥10^9
𝑓 = −7.389 ± 9.236 ± 15.65

𝑓𝑡 = −7.389 − 9.236 + 15.65 = −0.975 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑏 = −7.298 + 9.236 − 15.65 = −13.803 MPa

PS-De-Leon-Cherrie-s.

Problem:

The flooring of a warehouse is made up of double tee joists (DT). The joists are simply supported
on a span of 7.5m and are pre tensioned with one tendon in each stem with an initial force of 745 kN
each, located at 75mm above the bottom fiber, loss of stress service load is 18%.

Load imposed on the joists are:

Dead load = 2.3 KPa

Live load = 6.0 KPa

Properties of DT:

A = 200,000 𝑚𝑚2
I = 1880x106 𝑚𝑚4
a = 2.4 m
Yt = 88 mm
Yb = 267 mm

a = 2.4 m

Yt = 88 mm
N.A.
192 mm
Yb = 267 mm
75 mm

a. Compute the stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the initial prestressing
force alone.
b. Compute the resulting stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the service
loads and pre stress force.
c. What additional super imposed load can DT carry such that the resulting stress at the bottom
fiber at mid-span is zero.

Solution:

a.)
𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝐶
𝑓𝑏 = − −
𝐴 𝐼
745(1000)(2) 745(1000)(2)(192)(267)
𝑓𝑏 = − −
200,000 1880𝑥106
𝑓𝑏 = −7.45 − 40.63
𝒇𝒃 = −𝟒𝟖. 𝟎𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

b.)
𝑤 = 2.3(2.4) + 6(2.4)
𝑘𝑁
𝑤 = 19.92
𝑚

𝑤𝐿2 19.92 (7.5)2

𝑀= = = 140.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

𝑃 = 0.82(745)(2) = 1221.8 𝑘𝑁
 𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝐶 𝑀𝐶
𝑓𝑏 = − − +
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
1221.8(1000) 1221800(192)(267) 140.06𝑥106 (267)
𝑓𝑏 = − − +
200,000 1880𝑥106 18880𝑥106
𝑓𝑏 = −6.11 − 33.32 + 19.89
𝒇𝒃 = −𝟏𝟗. 𝟓𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂

c.)
; 𝑓𝑏 = 19.54 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑀𝐶
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐼
𝑀(267)
19.54 =
1880𝑥106

𝑀 = 137.58 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀=
8
𝑤(7.5)2
137.58 =
8
𝒘 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟓𝟕 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
PS-DIAZ-GERALDINE-DR.
A concrete beam with cross-sectional area of 32 x 103 mm2 and the radius of gyration is 72 mm
is prestressed by a parabolic cable carrying an effective stress of 1000 N/mm 2. The span of the
beam is 8 m. the cable composed of 6 wires of 7 mm diameter has an eccentricity of 50 mm at
the center and zero at the supports. Neglecting all losses, find the central deflection of the beam
as follows:
a) Self-weight + prestress
b) Self-weight + prestress + live load of 2 kN/m

Given:
A = 32 x 103 mm2
E = 38 kN/mm2
DC = 24 kN/mm3
I = 72 mm
L = 8 m or 8000 mm
e = 50 mm

Solution:
2
I = Ai
= 32 x 103 (72)
= 166 x 106 mm4

Prestressing force

P = (6)(38.5)(1000)
= 231000 N or 231 kN

32 x 103
Self- weight, g = (24)
106
g = 0.77 kN/m
g = 0.00077 kN/mm

5𝑔𝐿4
Downward deflection due to self- weight =
384 𝐸𝐼
5(0.00077)(8000)4
= 384(38)(166 𝑋 106 )
= 6.5 mm

5𝑃𝑒𝐿4
Upward deflection dur to prestressing force = 48 𝐸𝐼
5(231)(50)(8000)4
= 48(38)(166 𝑋 106 )
= 12.2 mm

Downward deflection due to self− weight

Downward deflection due to live load = (2)
Self− weight
 6.5
= 0.77 (2)
= 16.9 mm

a) Self-weight + prestress = 12.2 – 6.5

= 5.7 mm (↑)

b) Self-weight + prestress + live load of 2 kN/m = 6.5 – 12.2 + 16.9

= 11.2 mm (↓)
PS-Duldulao-Nanette-G.
A concrete beam with cross-sectional of 32 𝑥 103 𝑚𝑚2 & the radius of gyration is
𝑁
72 𝑚𝑚 is prestressed by a parabolic cable carrying an effective stresses1000 2 .The
𝑚𝑚
span of the beam is 8 𝑚. The cable, composed of 6 wires of 7𝑚𝑚 diameter, has an
eccentricity of 50 𝑚𝑚 at the center & zero at the supports. Neglecting all losses, find
the central deflection of the beam as follows:
a. Self-weight + prestressed
𝑘𝑁
b. Self-weight + prestressed + live load of 2 .
𝑚

Solution:
Cross-sectional area of beam, 𝐴 = 32𝑥103 𝑚𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
Modulus of elasticity, 𝐸 = 38
𝑚𝑚2

Dead weight of concrete,𝐷𝐶 = 24𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Radius of gyration, 𝑖 = 72𝑚𝑚
Span, 8𝑚 = 8000𝑚𝑚
Eccentricity, 𝑒 = 50𝑚𝑚
𝐼 = 𝐴𝑖 2 = (32𝑥103 𝑥722 ) = 166𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑃 = (6𝑥38.5𝑥1000) = 23100 𝑁 = 231 𝑘𝑁
32𝑥103 𝑘𝑁 0.00077𝑘𝑁
𝑔=( 6
𝑥24) = 0.77 =
10 𝑚 𝑚𝑚

5gL4 5𝑥0.00077𝑥80004
Downward deflection due to self weight = ( )=( )
384𝐸𝐼 384𝑥38𝑥166𝑥106
= 6.5 𝑚𝑚
5𝑃𝑒𝐿4 5𝑥231𝑥50𝑥80004
Upward deflection due to prestressing force = ( )=( )=
48𝐸𝐼 48𝑥38𝑥166𝑥106
12.2𝑚𝑚
6.5
Downward deflection due to live load = ( x2) = 16.9mm
0.77

a. Deflection due to (self-weight + prestress) = (12.2-6.5) = 5.7mm (upward)

b. Deflection due to (self-weight + prestress + live load) = 6.5-12.2+16.9) = 11.2
(downward)
PS-Embien-Aljomar-C.
A prestressed concrete beam, 100 𝑚𝑚 wide and 300 𝑚𝑚 deep, is prestressed by
straight, wires carrying an initial force of 150 𝑘𝑁 at an eccentricity of 50 𝑚𝑚. The
modulus of elasticity of stell and concrete are 210 and 35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 respectively.
Estimate the percentage loss of stress in steel due to elastic deformation of concrete if
the area of steel wires is 188 𝑚𝑚2 .
Solution:
Force, 𝑃 = 150𝑘𝑁
Area of concrete section, 𝐴 = (100𝑥300) = 3𝑥104 𝑚𝑚
Area of the steel wire = 188 𝑚𝑚2
Section modulus, 𝐼 = 225𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

𝐸
Modular ratio, 𝛼𝑒 = ( 𝑠 ) = 6
𝐸𝑐

𝑃 𝑃 𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑐 = +( + )
𝐴 𝐴 𝑍𝑏

150𝑥103 𝑁
Initial stress in steel = = 800
188 𝑚𝑚2

150𝑥103 150𝑥103 𝑥50𝑥50 𝑁

Stress in concrete, 𝑓𝐶 = + = 6.66
3𝑥104 225𝑥106 𝑚𝑚2
40𝑁
Loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete = 𝑎𝑐 𝑓𝑐 = (6𝑥6.66) =
𝑚𝑚2
40𝑥100
Percentage of loss of stress in steel = = 5%
800
PS-Fernando-Josiah-Abel-V.
A Single-T prestressed concrete beam shown below is simply supported having a span of 10
m. It carries a superimposed live load of 15.08 kN/m in addition to the weight of beam. It is
prestressed with 700 mm2 of steel to an initial stress of 1034 N/mm 2 located 400 mm from
the topmost fiber of the beam section. Immediately after transfer, the stress is reduced by 12
%. Determine the stresses at L/4 from the support due to losses in prestress and final service
loads. Use concrete weight equals to 24 kN/m3.
Properties of Single-T section
AT = 205,000 mm2
I NA = 4.78 mm x 10 9 mm4
y = 303.66 mm
Solution:
C.G.
P’= 0.88 x 700 ( 1034 ) = 636.944 kN
y
e = 303.66 – 100 = 203.66 mm
205000
Weight = 24 ( ) = 4.92 kN/m
10002

Total Weight = 4.92 + 15.08 = 20 kN/m

𝐿 10
𝑥 = = = 2.5 𝑚
4 4
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 = 100 𝑘𝑁
2.52
𝑀𝑐 = 100 (2.5) − 20 ( )
2
𝑀𝑐 = 187.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑐
f top = − + −
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼

636.944 (103 ) 636.944 (103 )(203.66)(196.34) 187.5 (106 )(196.34)

f top = − + −
205000 4.78 𝑥 109 4.78 𝑥 109

f top = - 5.48 MPa (compression)

636.944 (103 ) 636.944 (103 )(203.66)(303.66) 187.5 (106 )(303.66)

f bottom = − − +
205000 4.78 𝑥 109 4.78 𝑥 109

f bottom = 0.564 MPa (tension)

PS-GUILANGROMEO-CESAR-J.

]A prestressed concrete rectangular beam of size 500mm by 750mm has a simple span of 9.0m. The
beam is subjected to prestressing force with an effective strength of 1700kN. Tendons are the parabolic
set up and have eccentricity of 150mm at midspan. The beam carries a uniform distributed load of
40kN/m including beam weight. 1.) compute the total stresses at midspan section using: a.)Internal
Resisting Couple Method, b.)Load Balancing Method .2.) Construct a stress diagram at the midspan
section.

SOLUTION:

1.)

𝑊𝐿2 40(90)2
A. 𝑀 = = = 405𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 net moment = Ce’ = 1700(0.088235) = 150kN.m
8 8

𝑃 6𝑀 1700(10ᶟ) 6(150)(106 )
M = Ph 𝑓=− =± =− ± =
𝐴 𝑏ℎ2 500(750) 500(750)

𝑀 405(10ᶟ)
ℎ= = = 238.235𝑚𝑚 𝑓 = −4.53 ± 3.2
𝑃 1700

h = e + e’ Ft = -4.53 – 3.2 = -7.73MPa

e’ = h – e =238.235 – 150 =88.235mm Fb = -4.53 + 3.2 = -1.33MPa

8𝑃𝑒 8(1700)(0.15) 25.185𝑘𝑁

B. 𝑊𝑝 = = =
𝐿2 (9)2 𝑚

𝑊 ′ = 𝑊 − 𝑊𝑝 = 40 − 25.185 = 14.185𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑊′𝐿² 14.185(9)²
𝑀′ = = = 150𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑃 6𝑀 1700(10ᶟ) 6(150)(106 )
𝑓=− =± 2=− ± =
𝐴 𝑏ℎ 500(750) 500(750)
𝑓 = −4.53 ± 3.2

Ft = -4.53 – 3.2 = -7.73MPa

Fb = -4.53 + 3.2 = -1.33MPa

2.)
PS-LADORES-CARLOS-S.-JR.
For the post-tensioned beam with a flanged
section as shown, the profile of the CGS is parabolic with
no eccentricity at the ends. The live moment due to
service loads at midspan is 648 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚. The prestress
after transfer is 1600𝑘𝑁. Assume 15% loss at service.
Find the location of upper and lower kern points.

SOLUTION:

𝐴1 = (500)(200)
𝐴1 = 100,000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴2 = (600)(150)
𝐴2 = 90,000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴3 = (250)(200)
𝐴2 = 50,000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 𝑇 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3
𝐴 𝑇 = 240,000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 ȳ:
240,000ȳ = 100,000(900) + 90,000(500) + 50,000(100)
ȳ = 583.3 mm
THEREFORE;
𝑦𝑏 = 583.3𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑡 = 1000 − 583.3
𝑦𝑡 = 416.7𝑚𝑚
ECCENTRICITY:
𝑒 = ȳ − 150
𝑒 = 583.3 − 150
𝑒 = 433.3 𝑚𝑚
MOMENT OF INERTIA:
1
𝐼 = [ (500)(200)3 + 𝐴1 (900 − 583.3)2 ] +
12
1
[12 (150)(600)3 + 𝐴2 (583.3 − 500)2 ] +
1
[12 (250)(200)3 + 𝐴3 (583.3 − 100)2 ]
𝐼= 2.442𝑥1010 𝑚𝑚4
SQUARE THE RADIUS OF GYRATION
𝐼
𝑟2 = 𝐴
2.552 𝑥 1010 𝑚𝑚4
𝑟= 240,000𝑚𝑚2
𝑟 = 1.063 𝑥 10 𝑚𝑚2 5

𝑟 2 1.063𝑥 105 𝑚𝑚2

𝑘𝑡 = =
𝑦𝑏 583.3𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑡 = 182.2 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 2 1.063𝑥 105 𝑚𝑚2
𝑘𝑏 = =
𝑦𝑡 416.7𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑏 = 255.1 𝑚𝑚
PS-LAGRATA-ALBERT-F
A beam 400mm x 800mm having a temporary stress at the top fiber at mid span of 2000Pa,
support a distributed dead load including its weight of 7 kN/m throughout its 12 meter span
and subjected to an initial prestressed force of 1200 kN. The beam is designed to support a live
load of 25 kN/m.

a. Determine the eccentricity of steel tendon of the beam.

b. Determine the stress at the top fiber of the beam at mid-span at final service load.
c. Determine the stress at the bottom of the beam at the support at final service load.

SOLUTION:

a. Eccentricity of steel tendon of the beam

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 2000 𝑃𝑎

STRESS DUE TO PRESTRESSED FORCE

𝑃 1200(103)
𝑓𝑃 = − 𝐴 = − (400)(800) = −3.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎

STRESS DUE TO ECCENTRICITY

𝑀 = 𝑃𝑒 = 1200𝑒
6(1200𝑒)(106 )
𝑓𝑝𝑒 = = 28.125𝑒
(400)(8002 )

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝑓𝑃 + 𝑓𝑝𝑒

2 = -3.75 + 28.125e
28.125e = 5.75
e = 0.204m
e = 204mm

b. Stress at the top fiber

STRESS DUE TO ECCENTRICITY

𝑀 = 𝑃𝑒 = 1200(0.204) = 244.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
6(244.8)(106)
𝑓𝑝𝑒 = = 5.738 𝑀𝑃𝑎
(400)(8002 )

STRESS DUE TO LIVE LOAD

 𝑤𝐿2 25(12)2
𝑀= = = 450 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

6(450)(106 )
𝑓𝐿𝐿 = (400)((800)2 = 10.547 𝑀𝑃𝑎

STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD

𝑤𝐿2 7(12)2
𝑀= = = 126 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

6(126)(106 )
𝑓𝐷𝐿 = (400)((800)2 = 2.953 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝑓𝑃 + 𝑓𝑝𝑒 − 𝑓𝐿𝐿 − 𝑓𝐷𝐿

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = −3.75 + 5.738 − 10.547 − 2.953

𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂

c. Stress at the bottom fiber

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = − 𝑓𝑃 − 𝑓𝑝𝑒 + 𝑓𝐿𝐿 + 𝑓𝐷𝐿

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = −3.75 − 5.738 + 10.547 + 2.953

𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 = 4.012 Mpa
PS-Legaspi-Olsen-A.
PROBLEM] A symmetrical I section beam with total depth of 600 mm, moment of inertia of
5.0 x 109 mm4 and concrete area of 113,500 mm2 will be used on a 9.0 m simple span. Assume
unit weight of concrete is equal to 24 kN/m3. The beam carries a concentrated live load of 30
kN at midspan. The beam will be pre-tensioned with multiple seven-wire strands below the
centroid at constant eccentricity of 200 mm. The initial and final prestressing force is 1000
kN and 800 kN respectively.
a. Calculate the stresses at midspan due to initial prestressing and uniformly distributed
dead load.
b. Calculate the stresses at midspan with full service load in place.
c. Calculate the net deflection under service loads if E = 13734 MPa.

SOLUTION:
a. fT and fB

P Pec MDLc
f=− ± ±
A I I

Beam weight = 0.1135 x 24 = 2.724 kN/m

wL2 2.724(9)2
MDL = = = 27.58 kN ∙ m
8 8

1000 x 103 1000 x 103 (200)(300) 27.58 x 106 (300)

f=− ± ±
113,500 5.0 x 109 5.0 x 109

f = −8.81 ± 12 ± 1.65

fT = −8.81 + 12 − 1.65 = +1.54 MPa

fB = −8.81 − 12 + 1.65 = −19.16 MPa

b. fT and fB
P Pec MDLc MLLc
f=− ± ± ±
A I I I

PL 30(9)
MLL = = = 67.50 kN ∙ m
4 4

800 x 103 800 x 103 (200)(300) 27.58 x 106 (300)

f=− ± ±
113,500 5.0 x 109 5.0 x 109

67.50 x 106 (300)

±
5.0 x 109

f = −7.05 ± 9.6 ± 1.65 ± 4.05

fT = −7.05 + 9.6 − 1.65 − 4.05 = −3.15 MPa

 fB = −7.05 − 9.6 + 1.65 + 4.05 = −10.95 MPa

c. Net deflection
Due to prestressing force and eccentricity;
ML2
yP =
8EI
M = Pe = (800)(0.2)
M = 160 kN∙m
160 x 106 (9000)2
yP =
8(13734)(5.0 x 109 )
yP =23.59 mm (Upward)
Due to beam weight/dead load
5wL4
yDL =
384EI
5(2.724)(9000)4
yDL =
384(13734)(5.0 x 109 )
yDL = 3.39 mm (Downward)
Due to concentrated load;
PL3
yLL =
48EI
30 x 103 (9000)3
yLL =
48(13734)(5.0 x 109 )
yLL = 6.63 mm (Downward)
Then;
yN = 23.59 − 3.39 − 6.63
yN = 13.57 mm (Upward)
A simply supported beam 300 mm by 700 mm and span of 10 m is prestressed by a straight tendon with
a force of 1500 KN at an eccentricity of 200 mm from the centroid. The beam supports a live load of 50
KN at the mid span and a dead load of 30 KN/m including the beam’s weight.

A.) Calculate the final stress at the top fiber in MPa.

B.) Calculate the final stress at the bottom fiber in MPa.

Solution:

Stress due to P:
𝑃 1500 (1000)
𝑓𝑝 = − = −
𝐴 300 (700)

𝑓𝑝 = - 7.14 MPa

Stress due to eccentricity “e”

6𝑃𝑒 6 (1500)(200)(1000)
𝑓𝑒 = =
𝑏𝑑 2 300 (700)2
𝑓𝑒 = ± 12.24 MPa

Stress due to self weight:

6𝑀 𝑤𝐿2 30 (10)2
𝑓𝑏 = ; M= = = 375 KN.m
𝑏𝑑 2 8 8

6 (375)(1000)2
𝑓𝑏 =
300 (700)2

𝑓𝑏 = ± 15.306 MPa

Stress due to Live Load:

6𝑀 𝑃𝐿 50 (10)
𝑓𝑙𝑙 = ; M= = = 125 KN.m
𝑏𝑑 2 4 4

6 (125)(1000)2
𝑓𝑙𝑙 =
300 (700)2

𝑓𝑙𝑙 = ± 5.10 MPa

Final Stresses:

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = -7.14 + 12.24 – 15.306 – 5.10

𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 = -15.306 MPa

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = -7.14 – 12.24 + 15.306 + 5.10

𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 = 1.026 MPa

PS-Malabanan-Aldrin-John-V
For simply supported beam, determine the maximum stresses at midspan
section due to its own weight. With a uniform live load of 28.32 kN/m and an
eccentric longitudinal compressive force of P= 1130.5 kN acting at an eccentricity
e = 100mm. Use weight of concrete 23.50 kN/𝑚𝑚3 .
a.) Using transform concrete into an elastic form.
b.) Using Internal Resisting Couple Method
c.) Using Load Balancing Method
d.) Stress Diagram at question a.

Given:
L = 6.80 mm
b = 280 mm
d = 520 mm
Ꝩc = 23.50 kN/m
P = 1130.50 kN/m
e = 100 mm(below N.A)
WLL = 28.32 kN/m

Solution:
w𝑙2 w𝑙2
WB = Ꝩc b d MB = MLL =
8 8

3.4216(6.80)2 28.32(6.80)2
WB = 23.50 (0.28) (0.52) MB = MLL =
8 8

WB = 3.4216 kN/m MB = 19.777 kN.m MLL = 163.6896 kN.m

a.) Using transform concrete into an elastic form.

Formula:
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6𝑀
F = - 𝐴 +(-) 2 +(-) 2
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑

1130.5(10)3 6(1130.5)(10)3 (100) 6(19.777)(10)6 6(163.6896)(10)6

F=- +(-) 2 +(-) 2 +(-) 2
280(520) 280(520) 280(520) 280(520)

F = -7.764 +(-) 8.959 +(-) 1.576 +(-) 12.972

Stress at Top Stress at Bottom

Ftop = -7.764 + 8.959 - 1.576 - 12.972 Ftop = -7.764 - 8.959 + 1.576 + 12.972
Ftop = -13.344 or 13.344 MPa (Compression) Ftop = -2.184 or 2.184 MPa (Compression)

b.) Using Internal Resisting Couple Method

𝑀
W = WB + WLL Ph = M ; h= 𝑃

183.466(10)6
W = 3.4216 + 28.32 h= 1130.5(10)3

W = 31.7416 kN/m h = 162. 287 mm

w𝑙2
M= 8
h = 𝑒′ + e ; 𝑒′ = h - e

31.7416(6.80)2
M= 8
𝑒 ′ = 162.287 – 100

M = 183.466 kN.m 𝑒 ′ = 62.287 mm

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 ′
F = - 𝐴 +(-) 2
𝑏𝑑

1130.5(10)3 6(1130.5)(10)3 (62.287)

F=- +(-) 2
280(520) 280(520)

F = -7.764 +(-) 5.58

Stress at Top Stress at Bottom

Ftop = -7.764 – 5.58 Ftop = -7.764 + 5.58

Ftop = -13.344 or 13.344 MPa (Compression) Ftop = -2.184 or 2.184 MPa (Compression)

c.) Using Load Balancing Method

W = WB + WLL

W = 3.4216 + 28.32

W = 31.7416 kN/m

8Pe
𝑊 ′ = W – WP WP = 𝐿2

8(1130.5)(0.100)
𝑊 ′ = 31.7416 – 19.559 Wp = (6.80)2
𝑊 ′ = 12.1826 kN/m WP = 19.559 kN/m

w𝑙2
𝑀′ = 8

12.1826(6.80)2
𝑀′ =
8

𝑀′ = 70.415 kN.m

Stress at Top Stress at Bottom

Ftop = -7.764 + 8.959 - 1.576 - 12.972 Ftop = -7.764 - 8.959 + 1.576 + 12.972

Ftop = -13.344 or 13.344 MPa (Compression) Ftop = -2.184 or 2.184 MPa (Compression)

d.) Stress Diagram at question a.

PS-Manlusoc-Alfredo-R.
A 5m prestressed concrete simple beam having a cross section of 200mm x
400mm is subjected to prestressing force with an effective strength of 1500Kn.
Tendons are in parabolic set up and having eccentricity of 100mm at midspan. The
beam carries a total uniform distributed load of 40kn/m including beams weight.
a. Det. the total stresses at midspan using load balancing method.
b. Det. The total stresses at midspan using Internal Resisting Method.

a. Det. the total stresses at midspan using load balancing method.

Sol’n :
8 𝑃𝑒 8 (1500)(0.10)
Wp = = = 48kn/m
𝐿2 52

W’ = W – Wp = 40 – 48 = 8kn/m (upward)
𝑊 ′ 𝐿2 8 (5)2
M’ = = = 25kn⋅m
8 8

𝑃 6𝑀 1500𝑥103 6(25)(106 )
Ftop = - 𝐴 + 𝑏𝑑2 = - +
200𝑥400 200𝑥4002

= -18.75 + 4.6875 = -14.0625 Mpa

𝑃 6𝑀 1500𝑥103 6(25)(106)
Ftop = - + =- -
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2 200𝑥400 200𝑥4002
 = -18.75 - 4.6875 = -23.4375 Mpa
b. Det. The total stresses at midspan using Internal Resisting Method.
Sol’n:
𝑊 ′ 𝐿2 40 (5)2
M’ = = = 125 kn⋅m
8 8

M = Ph
𝑀 125𝑥106
h= = = 83.33 mm
𝑃 1500𝑥103

h = e + e’ = 100 + e’
e’ = 16.67
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′ 1500𝑥103 6(1500)(16.67(103 )
ftop = - 𝐴 + ==- + = -14.06 Mpa
𝑏𝑑 2 200𝑥400 200𝑥4002

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′ 1500𝑥103 6(1500)(16.67(103 )

ftop = - 𝐴 - ==- - = -23.438 Mpa
𝑏𝑑 2 200𝑥400 200𝑥4002
PS-Mendoza-Giselle-Ann-L.
A rectangular prestressed beam 150mm wide and 300mm deep is used over an effective
span of 10m. The cable with zero eccentricity at the supports, and linearly varying to 50mm
at the center, carries an effective prestressing force of 500kN. Find the magnitude of the
concentrated load P located at the center of the span for the following conditions at the
center of span section:
(a) If the load counteract the bending effect of the prestressing force(neglecting self-
weight of beam) and
(b) If the pressure line passes through the upper kern of the section under the action of
the external load, self - weight and prestress.
SOLUTION:
A = (150 x 300) = 45x103 mm2
150 𝑥 300²
𝑍= = 225 𝑥10⁴ mmᵌ
6

Self – weight of beam, g = 0.15 x 0.3 x 24 = 1.08 kN/m

Where; P = 500 kN e = 50mm
If the inclination of the cable to the horizontal is Ɵ, and P = concentrated load at the center
of the span, for load balancing,
2 𝑥 500 𝑥 50
(a) P = 2P sin Ɵ = 2Ptan Ɵ = = 10𝑘𝑁
5 𝑥 1000

(b) Moment due to self – weight = 0.125 x 1.08x102 = 13.5 kN.m

13.5 𝑥106
Stressed due to self – weight = = +6𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
225 𝑥104

𝑃 𝑃𝑒
Stresses due to prestressing = +
𝐴 𝑍
500 𝑥103 500 𝑥103 (50)
= 45 𝑥103 + 225 𝑥104

Stress at the bottom fiber = 22.22 N/mm²

If P = concentrated load at the center of the span, moment at the center of the span

𝑃 𝑥 10
M= = 2.5𝑃
4

2.5𝑃 𝑥 106
Bending stress = 225 𝑥 104

Then,
2.5𝑃 𝑥 106
+ 6 = 22.22
225 𝑥 104

P = 14.60kN
PS-MoisesDavidJonathanJ.
Problem:
A prestressed concrete simple beam having a cross-section of 250x600 mm is subjected to a
prestressing force in steel immediately after prestressing which eventually reduced to 1600kN
due to losses acting on the parabolic tendons. The beam carries a total uniformly distributed
load of 30kN/m including beams weight.
a] Determine rhe location of the lower kern point?
b] Location of upper kern point?

PS-Munar-Corina-May-H.
A pre-tensioned concrete beam, 100 mm wide and 300 mm deep, is prestressed by straight wires
carrying an initial force of 150 KN at an eccentricity of 50 mm. The modulus of elasticity of steel
and concrete are 210 and 35 KN/mm2 respectively. Estimate the percentage loss of stress in steel
due to elastic deformation of concrete if the area of steel wires is 188 mm 2.
Given:
b = 100 mm
 d = 300 mm
P = 150 KN
e = 50 mm
Es= 210 KN/mm2
Ec = 35 KN/mm2
As = 188 mm2

Solution:

Ab = b x h = 100 mm (300 mm)

Ab = 30000 mm2
𝑏ℎ3 100(300)3
I= =
12 12

I = 225 x 106
Es 210
𝛼𝑐 = ( ) =
Ec 35

𝛼𝑐 = 6
𝑃 150 𝑥 103
Initial stress in steel, 𝛿𝑠 = = = 800 N/mm2
As 188

𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐
Stress in concrete, 𝑓𝑐 = 𝐴 +
𝑏 I

150 𝑥 103 150 𝑥 103 (50)(50)

𝑓𝑐 = +
3𝑥 104 225 𝑥 106

𝑓𝑐 = 6.66 N/mm2

Loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete = 𝛼𝑐 𝑓𝑐

= 6 (6.66)

Loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete = 40 N/mm 2

𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

Percentage loss of stress in steel = (100 %)
𝛿𝑠

40 (100)
=
800

Percentage loss of stress in steel = 5 %

PS-NAVARROJOANNA-MARIE-D.
A post-tension beam has a midspan cross section with
a duct of 50𝑚𝑚 𝑥 75𝑚𝑚 to house the wires as shown. It is
prestressed with 516𝑚𝑚2 of steel to an initial stress of 1034
N/𝑚𝑚2 . Immediately after transfer, the stress is reduced to
5% owing to anchorage loss and elastic shortening of
concrete.
a) Compute the moment of inertia of the net concrete section.
b) Compute the stress in the upper top fiber in the concrete at
transfer after loss of stress.
c) Compute the stress in the lower top fiber in the concrete at
transfer after loss of stress.

SOLUTION:
a) MOMENT OF INERTIA OF THE NET CONCRETE SECTION
𝐴1 = (200)(300)
𝐴1 = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴2 = (50)(75)
𝐴2 = 3,750 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 𝐴1 − 𝐴2
𝐴 = 60,000 − 3,750
𝐴 = 56,250 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴ȳ = 𝐴1 𝑦1 − 𝐴2 𝑦2
56,250 ȳ = 60,000(150) − 3,750(75)
ȳ = 155𝑚𝑚
(200)(300)2 (50)(75)3
𝐼= + [(200)(300)(5)2 ] − [ ]
12 12
6 4
𝐼 = 425.74 𝑥 10 𝑚𝑚

b) STRESS IN THE UPPER TOP FIBER IN THE CONCRETE AT TRANSFER AFTER LOSS OF STRESS
𝑃 𝑀𝐶
𝑓𝑡 = − 𝐴 + 𝐼
𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝐶
𝑓𝑡 = − +
𝐴 𝐼

𝑃 = 𝐴𝑠𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑠 (0.95)

𝑃 = (516)(1034)(0.95)
𝑃 = 506,867 𝑁
506,867 506,867(80)(145)
𝑓𝑡 = − +
56,250 425.74 𝑥 106

𝑓𝑡 = 4.80 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 6 (𝑇𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑂𝑁)

c) STRESS IN THE LOWER TOP FIBER IN THE CONCRETE AT TRANSFER AFTER LOSS OF STRESS
𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝐶
𝑓𝑏 = − −
𝐴 𝐼
506,867 506,867(80)(155)
𝑓𝑏 = − −
56,250 425.74 𝑥 106

𝑓𝑏 = −23.77 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 6 (𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆𝐼𝑂𝑁)

PS-Parica-Dhenize-DC.
The prestressed concrete T-Beam shown is 8.5 meters and to be prestressed with tendons
located 100mm from the bottom of the beam at midspan. Determine the following:
a. Location of the Neutral Axis from the top of the beam
b. Eccentricity of the prestressing tendons
c. Ratio of effective prestressing force to the total uniform load if the resulting moment
at the midspan is zero.
d. The maximum uniform live load it can safety carry if P=2MN after losses, and
allowable tensile stress after losses is 2.92MPa and allowable compressive stress is
15.53MPa.

Solutions:
a. A1 = (300)(600) = 180 000 mm2
A2 = (600)(200) = 120 000 mm2
AT = 180 000 + 120 000 = 300 000 mm2

AT𝑦̅ = A1y1 + A2y2

300 000 𝑦̅ = 180 000 (500) + 120 000 (100)
𝑦̅ = 340mm

b. e = 200 + 600 – 𝑦̅ – 100

e = 200 + 600 – 340 – 100
e = 360 mm

c. P = Presstressing Force
W = Total Uniform Load
If w = Uniform Load (kN/m)
W = wL
𝑤𝐿2 𝑊𝐿 𝑊 (8.5)
+M = = = = 1.0625W
8 8 8

-M = Pe = P(0.360) = 0.360P
+M = -M
1.0625W = 0.360P
 𝑃
= 2.951
𝑊

d. Ft = 2.92 MPa
Fb = -15.53 MPa

I = I1 + A1d12 + I2 + A2d22
; d1 = 800 – 340 – 300
d1 = 160 mm
d2 = 340 – 100
d2 = 240 mm

𝑏1 ℎ12 𝑏2 ℎ22
I= 12
+ A1d12 + 12
+ A2d22
300(600)2 600(200)2
I= + 180 000 (160)2 + + 120 000 (240)2
12 12

I = 1.732x1010 mm4

𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝐶
Ft = − 𝐴 − + ; C = 700 – 340 = 360 mm
𝐼 𝐼
𝐼𝐹𝑡 𝐼𝑃
= − 𝐴𝑐 − 𝑃𝑒 + 𝑀
𝐶
𝐼𝐹𝑡 𝐼𝑃
M= + 𝐴𝑐 + 𝑃𝑒
𝐶
(1.732𝑥1010)(2.92) (1.732𝑥1010 )(2𝑥106) 1
M=[ + + (2𝑥106 )(360] [10002]
360 300 000 (360)

M = 1181.225 kN.m
𝑤𝐿2
M= 8
𝑤(8.5)2
1181.225 = 8

w = 130.79
w = DL + LL ; DL = WcAt = 23.5(300 000)/10002) = 7.05kN/m

w = DL + LL
130.79 = 7.05 + LL
LL = 123.74 kN/m

𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝐶
Fb = − 𝐴 + 𝐼
− 𝐼
; C = 𝑦̅ = 340 mm
𝐼𝐹𝑏 𝐼𝑃
= − 𝐴𝑐 + 𝑃𝑒 − 𝑀
𝐶
𝐼𝐹𝑡 𝐼𝑃
M=− 𝐶
− 𝐴𝑐 + 𝑃𝑒
(1.732𝑥1010)(−15.53) (1.732𝑥1010)(2𝑥106 ) 1
M = [− − + (2𝑥106 )(360] [10002 ]
340 300 000 (340)

M = 1171.509 kN.m
 𝑤𝐿2
M= 8
𝑤(8.5)2
1171.509 = 8

w = 129.72 kN/m
w = DL + LL ; DL = WcAt = 23.5(300 000)/10002) = 7.05kN/m
129.72 = 7.05 + LL
LL = 122.67 kN/m

Use LL = 122.67 kN/m

PS-ReyesCharizze-Anne-P.
A beam with b = 300 mm and depth = 600 mm is to be pre stressed. Considering a
15% pre stress loss, compute the value of the final pre stressing force P and
eccentricity e.
1. If the compressive stress of 21 MPa.
2. If the compressive stress at the bottom fiber is 12 MPa and the tensile
stress at the top fiber is 2 MPa.
3. If the compressive stress at the top fiber is 16 MPa and zero at the bottom
fibers.

Solution:
𝑃
1. f = - 𝐴
𝑃
-21 = - 300(600)

P = 3780 kN
e=0

2.
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑡 = − 𝐴 + 𝑏𝑑2
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
+ 2 = - 300(600) + 300(6002 )

𝑃 6𝑒
2=− [1 − ] -- Eq. 1
300(600) 600

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑏 = − 𝑏𝑑 [1 − 𝑏𝑑2 ]
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
- 12 = - 300(600) − 300(6002 )

𝑃 6𝑒
- 12 = − [1 − ] -- Eq. 2
300(600) 600

Divide Eq. 1 by Eq. 2

2 600 − 6𝑒
− =
12 600 + 6𝑒
1 600 − 6𝑒
− =
6 600 + 6𝑒
-600 – 6e = 6(600 – 6e)
30e = 3600 + 600
 e = 140 mm
𝑃 6𝑒
2=− [1 − ]
300(600) 600

𝑃 6(140)
2=− [1 − ]
300(600) 600

P = 900000 kN or 900 kN

3.
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑏 = − +
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
0= − +
300(600) 300(6002 )
𝑃 6𝑒
0=− [1 − ]
300(600) 600

6𝑒
1=
600
e = 100 mm

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑡 = − −
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑃 6𝑒
- 16 = − [1 + ]
300(600) 600

𝑃 6(100)
- 16 = − [1 + ]
300(600) 600

P = 1440000 N or 1440 kN
PS-Sandoval-Kenneth-Joseph-A.

A 300 mm x 400 mm concrete beam has a span of 6 m. a post-tension force of 600 kN was applied 60
mm above the bottom of the beam. Assume concrete won’t crack in tension.

f’c = 20.7 Mpa, unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3.

a. Compute the deflection due to pre-stressing force of 250 kN.

b. Compute the net deflection of the beam immediately after transfer.
c. Compute the safe uniform load that may be imposed on the beam so that there will be a net
deflection upward of 5 mm.

Solution:

a. e = 200-80
e = 120 mm

M = Pe
=600(.12)
M = 72 kN.m

𝑏ℎ3 300(4003 )
𝐼= = = 1600 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4
12 12

𝐸 = 4700√𝑓′𝑐 = 4700 √20.7 = 21384 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑀𝑙2 72 𝑥 106 (60002 )

𝛿= =
8𝐸𝐼 8(1600𝑥106 )(21384)

𝜹 = 𝟗. 𝟒𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝑘𝑁
b. 𝑤 = (. 3)(. 4)(23.5) = 2.82
𝑚

5𝑤𝑙2 5(2.82)(6)(63 )(1𝑥106 )(1𝑥106 )

𝛿= = = 1.39 𝑚𝑚
384𝐸𝐼 384(21384)((1600𝑥106 )

𝛿𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿 = 9.47 − 1,39

𝜹𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒎

c. 𝛿𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿 = 8.08 − 5 = 3.08 𝑚𝑚

5𝑤𝑙2
𝛿=
384𝐸𝐼
5𝑤(60004 )
3.08 =
384(21384)((1600𝑥106 )
𝒘 = 𝟔.24 kN/m
 A pre-stressed beam having a cross section of 500mm x 750mm is subjected to a pre-stressing
force of 1600kn acting on the parabolic tendons shown. The beam carries a total uniform load of 40kn/m
including its own weight. Solve for the maximum stress at the top and bottom using conventional method

P P
150 mm
225 mm

SOLUTION:

Using Conventional Method

𝑊𝐿2
𝑀𝑑 =
8
40(8)2
𝑀𝑑 =
8
𝑀𝑑 = 320 106

6𝑀
𝑓𝑑 =
𝑏𝑑 2
6(320)106
𝑓𝑑 = ±
500(750)2
𝑓𝑑 = ±6.83𝑀𝑃𝑎

Due to Prestress

Stress at the Top

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑡 = − + 2
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑
1.6𝑥106 6(1.6𝑥106 )(150)
𝑓𝑡 = − +
500(750) 500(750)2
𝑓𝑡 = −4.27 + 5.12
𝑓𝑡 = +0.85 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Stress at the Bottom

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑏 = − − 2
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑
1.6𝑥106 6(1.6𝑥106 )(150)
𝑓𝑏 = − −
500(750) 500(750)2
𝑓𝑏 = −4.27 − 5.12
𝑓𝑏 = −9.39 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Max Stress at the top:

𝑓𝑡 = −6.83 + 0.85
𝑓𝑡 = −5.98 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

Max Stress at the bottom:

𝑓𝑏 = +6.83 − 9.39
𝑓𝑏 = −2.56 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
PS-Sta-Ana-Limuel-F.

A 6 meters rectangular concrete beam of cross-section 300 mm x 800 mm is subjected to pre stressing
force with an effective strength of 1600 kN which has eccentricity of 150 mm below the C.G. The beam
carries a uniform distributed load of 15 kN/m including its own weight.

a. Determine the total stresses at midspan.

b. Determine the total stresses at midspan using Internal Resisting Couple Method.
c. Construct stress diagram.

SOLUTION:

a. Stresses at midspan.

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6𝑀
𝑓=− ± ±
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑏𝑑 2

𝑤𝐿2 15(6)2
𝑀= = = 67.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6𝑀
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − + −
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑏𝑑 2

1600(1000) 6(1600)(150)(1000) 6(67.5)(1000)2

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − + −
300(800) 300(800)2 300(800)2

𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = −1.276 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6𝑀
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − − +
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑏𝑑 2

1600(1000) 6(1600)(150)(1000) 6(67.5)(1000)2

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − − +
300(800) 300(800)2 300(800)2

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = −12.057 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

b. Total stresses at midspan using Internal Resisting Couple Method.

𝑀 = 𝑃ℎ
67.5 = 1600ℎ
ℎ = 42.1875 𝑚𝑚

ℎ = 𝑒 + 𝑒′
42.1875 = 150 + 𝑒 ′
𝑒 ′ = 107.8125 𝑚𝑚 (𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐶. 𝐺, )

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′
𝑓=− ±
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − +
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2

1600(1000) 6(1600)(107.8125)(1000)
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − +
300(800) 300(800)2
 𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = −1.276 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − −
𝐴 𝑏𝑑 2

1600(1000) 6(1600)(107.8125)(1000)
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − −
300(800) 300(800)2

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = −12.057 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

c. Stress diagram.

-6.667 +5.391 -1.276

+ =

-6.667 -5.391 -12.391

PS-Verdadero-Jayvee-O.

Problem No.1. The beam of a 2 storey warehouse has dimension shown below. The beams are simply
supported on a span of 10 m and it is prestressed by a parabolic tendons( 15-5mmØ wires ) with an
eccentricity of 100 mm at midspan. The total loss of prestress due to elastic shortening of concrete is Δfs
= 50 kN and the beam carried a liveload of 20 kN/m. Use 24 kN/m³ weight if concrete and modular ratio
of 12,500 for shortening of concrete.
300 mm
700 mm

 Determine the Initial Prestressing Force

 Determine the Stress at the midspan immediately after the initial prestressed is applied.
 Determine the stress at midspan at final prestressding condition.

Solution:

From the formula of elastic shortening of Concrete:

𝑛ὸ
Δfs= where:
𝐴𝑔

Δfs is the loss of prestressed (kN)

N is the modular ratio

ὸ initial stress of cable

Ag is the gross area of section

12500ὸ
100 kN =
300 𝑥 700

ὸ = 840 MPa
𝑃
; ὸ=
𝐴

P= ὸAst
𝜋(5)²
P= 840x x 15
4

P = 247 kN answer.

 Determine the stress at midspan immediately after the initial prestressed is applied.
Due to P
247𝑥 10 ³
f=
300 𝑥 700
 f = 1.18 MPa

Due to e
6(247)(100)
f=
300 𝑥 700²

f= 1.01 MPa

Ftop

Ftop = -1.18 + 1.01

Ftop = 0.17 MPa

Fbot

Ftop = -1.18 - 1.01

Ftop = 2.19 MPa

 Determine the stress at midspan at final condition

Due to P
197𝑥 10 ³
f=
300 𝑥 700

f = 0.94MPa

Due to e
6(197𝑥10³)(100)
f=
300 𝑥 700²

f= 0.804 MPa

Due to Moment
DL = 24 kN/m³ ( .3)(.7)
DL = 5.04 kN/m
LL = 20 kN/m
Wtotal = 25.04 kN/m
25.04(10)²
M=
8
M= 313 kN.m.

6(313)
f=
300 𝑥 700²
f = 12.78 MPa
Ftop

Ftop = -.94+ .804 – 12.78

Ftop = -12.97 MPa

Ftop

Ftop = -.94- .804 + 12.78

Ftop = 11.04 MPa

PS-Vicencio-Angelica-H.

A prestressed concrete simple beam having a cross – section of 255 x 620mm is subjected to
prestressing force in steel immediately after prestressing which eventually reduce to 1700
kN due to losses acting on the parabolic tendons. The beam carries a total uniformly
distributed load of 30 KN/m (not including beam`s weight). The eccentricity is 110 mm and
length of beam is 8.0 m. Determine the following:

a. Bending moment at midspan.

b. Total stresses at midspan.

c. Total stresses at end section of the beam.

Given: L = 8. 0 m

Cross-section: 225 x 620 mm Required:

P = 1700 kN a. M @ midspan
b. ftop & fbottom @ midspan
DL = 30 kN/m c. f @ end section

e = 110mm

Solution:
(82 )[23.54(0.255)(0.62)]
a. MDL = 8

MDL= 29.77 kN.m

30(8)2
MLL = 8

MLL = 240 kN.m

M = MDL + MLL

M = 29.77 + 240

M = 269.77 kN.m (answer)

P Pec Mc 255(6203 )
b. f = − A ± ∓ ;I= = 5064470000 mm2
I I 12
−1700(103) 1700(110)(310)(103) 269.77(106)(310)
f= ± ∓
255(620) I I
𝐟𝐭𝐨𝐩 = −𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝐌𝐏𝐚 (answer) 𝐟𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦 = −𝟓. 𝟔𝟗 𝐌𝐏𝐚 (answer)

P
c. f = − A
1700
f=−
255(620)
𝐟 = −𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝐌𝐏𝐚
*no eccentricity and no moment at end section because of parabolic tendons
A beam with width b = 250 mm and depth d = 450 mm is pre stressed by an initial force of
600 kN. Total loss of pre stress at service loads is 15%.

1. Calculate the resulting final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at
the centroid of the beam section.
2. Calculate the final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at an
eccentricity of 100 mm below the centroid of the beam section.
3. Calculate the eccentricity at which the pre stressing force can be applied so that the
resulting tensile stress at the top fiber of the beam is zero.

Solution:

1. Final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at the centroid of the
beam section.

𝑃
𝜕=
𝐴
600(0.85)(1000)
=
250(450)

𝑀𝐴 = −4.53 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

2. Final compression stress if the pre stressing force is applied at an eccentricity of 100
mm below the centroid of the beam section.

𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝐶 600000(0.85)
𝑓𝑡 = + 𝑓𝑡 =
𝐴 𝐼 250(450)
6(600000)(0.85)(100)
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 −
𝑓𝑡 = + 250(450)2
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑓𝑡 = −10.58 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
 3. Eccentricity at which the pre stressing force can be applied so that the resulting
tensile stress at the top fiber of beam is zero.

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
𝑓𝑡 = +
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
−600000 6(600000)𝑒
0= +
250(450) 250(450)2
600000 6(600000)𝑒
=
250(450) 250(450)2

𝑒 = 75𝑚𝑚
PROBLEM] A symmetrical I section beam with total depth of 600 mm, moment of inertia of
5.0 x 109 mm4 and concrete area of 113,500 mm2 will be used on a 9.0 m simple span.
Assume unit weight of concrete is equal to 24 kN/m3. The beam carries a concentrated live
load of 30 kN at midspan. The beam will be pre-tensioned with multiple seven-wire strands
below the centroid at constant eccentricity of 200 mm. The initial and final prestressing
force is 1000 kN and 800 kN respectively.

a. Calculate the stresses at midspan due to initial prestressing and uniformly distributed
dead load.
b. Calculate the stresses at midspan with full service load in place.
c. Calculate the net deflection under service loads if E = 13734 MPa.

SOLUTION:
a. fT and fB
P Pec MDLc
f=− ± ±
A I I
Beam weight = 0.1135 x 24 = 2.724 kN/m
wL2 2.724(9)2
MDL = = = 27.58 kN ∙ m
8 8
1000 x 103 1000 x 103 (200)(300) 27.58 x 106 (300)
f=− ± ±
113,500 5.0 x 109 5.0 x 109
f = −8.81 ± 12 ± 1.65
fT = −8.81 + 12 − 1.65 = +1.54 MPa
fB = −8.81 − 12 + 1.65 = −19.16 MPa
b. fT and fB
P Pec MDLc MLLc
f=− ± ± ±
A I I I
PL 30(9)
MLL = = = 67.50 kN ∙ m
4 4
800 x 103 800 x 103 (200)(300) 27.58 x 106 (300) 67.50 x 106 (300)
f=− ± ± ±
113,500 5.0 x 109 5.0 x 109 5.0 x 109
f = −7.05 ± 9.6 ± 1.65 ± 4.05
fT = −7.05 + 9.6 − 1.65 − 4.05 = −3.15 MPa
fB = −7.05 − 9.6 + 1.65 + 4.05 = −10.95 MPa
c. Net deflection
Due to prestressing force and 5(2.724)(9000)4
eccentricity; yDL =
384(13734)(5.0 x 109 )
2
ML yDL = 3.39 mm (Downward)
yP =
8EI Due to concentrated load;
M = Pe = (800)(0.2) PL3
M = 160 kN∙m yLL =
48EI
160 x 106 (9000)2 30 x 103 (9000)3
yP = y =
8(13734)(5.0 x 109 ) LL
48(13734)(5.0 x 109 )
yP =23.59 mm (Upward) yLL = 6.63 mm (Downward)
Due to beam weight/dead load Then;
5wL4 yN = 23.59 − 3.39 − 6.63
yDL =
384EI yN = 13.57 mm (Upward)
A rectangular prestressed beam 150mm wide and 300mm deep is used over an effective
span of 10m. The cable with zero eccentricity at the supports, and linearly varying to 50mm
at the center, carries an effective prestressing force of 500kN. Find the magnitude of the
concentrated load P located at the center of the span for the following conditions at the
center of span section:

(a) If the load counteract the bending effect of the prestressing force(neglecting self-
weight of beam) and
(b) If the pressure line passes through the upper kern of the section under the action of
the external load, self - weight and prestress.
SOLUTION:

A = (150 x 300) = 45x103 mm2

150 𝑥 300²
𝑍= = 225 𝑥10⁴ mmᵌ
6

Self – weight of beam, g = 0.15 x 0.3 x 24 = 1.08 kN/m

Where; P = 500 kN e = 50mm

If the inclination of the cable to the horizontal is Ɵ, and P = concentrated load at the center
of the span, for load balancing,
2 𝑥 500 𝑥 50
(a) P = 2P sin Ɵ = 2Ptan Ɵ = 5 𝑥 1000
= 10𝑘𝑁

(b) Moment due to self – weight = 0.125 x 1.08x102 = 13.5 kN.m

13.5 𝑥106
Stressed due to self – weight = = +6𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
225 𝑥104

𝑃 𝑃𝑒
Stresses due to prestressing = 𝐴 + 𝑍
500 𝑥103 500 𝑥103 (50)
= +
45 𝑥103 225 𝑥104

Stress at the bottom fiber = 22.22 N/mm²

If P = concentrated load at the center of the span, moment at the center of the span
𝑃 𝑥 10
M= 4
= 2.5𝑃

2.5𝑃 𝑥 106
Bending stress = 225 𝑥 104

Then,
2.5𝑃 𝑥 106
+ 6 = 22.22
225 𝑥 104

P = 14.60kN
 A Single-T prestressed concrete beam shown below is simply supported having a
span of 10 m. It carries a superimposed live load of 15.08 kN/m in addition to the weight of
beam. It is prestressed with 700 mm2 of steel to an initial stress of 1034 N/mm2 located 400
mm from the topmost fiber of the beam section. Immediately after transfer, the stress is
reduced by 12 %. Determine the stresses at L/4 from the support due to losses in prestress
and final service loads. Use concrete weight equals to 24 kN/m 3.

Properties of Single-T section

AT = 205,000 mm2

I NA = 4.78 mm x 10 9 mm4

y = 303.66 mm

Solution: C.G.
P’= 0.88 x 700 ( 1034 ) = 636.944 kN y
e = 303.66 – 100 = 203.66 mm
205000
Weight = 24 ( ) = 4.92 kN/m
10002

Total Weight = 4.92 + 15.08 = 20 kN/m

𝐿 10
𝑥 = = = 2.5 𝑚
4 4
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 = 100 𝑘𝑁

2.52
𝑀𝑐 = 100 (2.5) − 20 ( )
2
𝑀𝑐 = 187.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑐
f top = − 𝐴 + 𝐼
− 𝐼

636.944 (103 ) 636.944 (103 )(203.66)(196.34) 187.5 (106 )(196.34)

f top = − 205000
+ 4.78 𝑥 109
− 4.78 𝑥 109

f top = - 5.48 MPa (compression)

636.944 (103 ) 636.944 (103 )(203.66)(303.66) 187.5 (106 )(303.66)
f bottom = − 205000
− 4.78 𝑥 109
+ 4.78 𝑥 109

f bottom = 0.564 MPa (tension)

A beam with width b = 300 mm and depth d = 600 mm is to be prestressed. Considering

a 15% prestress loss, compute the value of initial prestressing force P and eccentricity e.
A) If the compressive stress is 21 MPa.

B) If the compressive stress at the bottom fiber is 12 MPa and a tensile stress at the fiber is
2 MPa.

C) If he compressive stress at the top fiber is 16 MPa and zero at the bottom fiber.

Solution:

A) b = 300 mm 15% loss

d = 600 mm Pἱ =?

e =?

P = 0.855Pἱ --- equation 1

e=0
𝑃
F=𝐴 P P
𝑃
-21 = − 300(600)

P = 3780 KN

Substitute P to equation 1

3780 = 0.85 Pἱ

Pἱ = 4447.06 KN, e = 0 (ANSWER)

B) Top:
−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
2 = 300(600) + 300(600)2 , P = 900 KN 900 = 0.85 Pἱ

Bottom: e = 140 Pἱ = 1059 KN (ANSWER)

−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
-12 = --
300(600) 300(600)2

C) Top:
−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
-16 = 300(600) - 300(600)2 , P = 1440 KN 1440 = 0.85

Bottom: e = 100 Pἱ = 1694 KN (ANSWER)

−𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
0 = 300(600) + 300(600)2
A concrete beam with cross-sectional area of 32 x 103 mm2 and the radius of gyration is 72
mm is prestressed by a parabolic cable carrying an effective stress of 1000 N/mm 2. The
span of the beam is 8 m. the cable composed of 6 wires of 7 mm diameter has an
eccentricity of 50 mm at the center and zero at the supports. Neglecting all losses, find the
central deflection of the beam as follows:

a) Self-weight + prestress
b) Self-weight + prestress + live load of 2 kN/m

Given:

A = 32 x 103 mm2
E = 38 kN/mm2
DC = 24 kN/mm3
I = 72 mm
L = 8 m or 8000 mm
e = 50 mm

Solution:
2
I = Ai
= 32 x 103 (72)
= 166 x 106 mm4

Prestressing force

P = (6)(38.5)(1000)
= 231000 N or 231 kN

32 x 103
Self- weight, g = (24)
106
g = 0.77 kN/m
g = 0.00077 kN/mm

5𝑔𝐿4
Downward deflection due to self- weight = 384 𝐸𝐼
5(0.00077)(8000)4
= 384(38)(166 𝑋 106)
= 6.5 mm

5𝑃𝑒𝐿4
Upward deflection dur to prestressing force = 48 𝐸𝐼
5(231)(50)(8000)4
= 48(38)(166 𝑋 106 )
= 12.2 mm

Downward deflection due to self− weight

Downward deflection due to live load = (2)
Self− weight
6.5
= (2)
0.77
= 16.9 mm

a) Self-weight + prestress = 12.2 – 6.5

= 5.7 mm (↑)

b) Self-weight + prestress + live load of 2 kN/m = 6.5 – 12.2 + 16.9

= 11.2 mm (↓)
 A pre-tensioned concrete beam, 100 mm wide and 300 mm deep, is prestressed by
straight wires carrying an initial force of 150 KN at an eccentricity of 50 mm. The modulus
of elasticity of steel and concrete are 210 and 35 KN/mm 2 respectively. Estimate the
percentage loss of stress in steel due to elastic deformation of concrete if the area of steel
wires is 188 mm2.

Given:

b = 100 mm
d = 300 mm
P = 150 KN
e = 50 mm
Es= 210 KN/mm2
Ec = 35 KN/mm2
As = 188 mm2

Solution:

Ab = b x h = 100 mm (300 mm)

Ab = 30000 mm2
𝑏ℎ3 100(300)3
I = 12 = 12
I = 225 x 106
Es 210
𝛼𝑐 = ( ) =
Ec 35
𝛼𝑐 = 6
𝑃 150 𝑥 103
Initial stress in steel, 𝛿𝑠 = As = = 800 N/mm2
188
𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐
Stress in concrete, 𝑓𝑐 = 𝐴 +
𝑏 I
150 𝑥 103 150 𝑥 103 (50)(50)
𝑓𝑐 = 3 𝑥 104 + 225 𝑥 106
𝑓𝑐 = 6.66 N/mm 2

Loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete = 𝛼𝑐 𝑓𝑐

= 6 (6.66)
Loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete = 40 N/mm2
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
Percentage loss of stress in steel = (100 %)
𝛿 𝑠
40 (100)
= 800
Percentage loss of stress in steel = 5 %
A simply supported beam 300 mm by 700 mm and span of 10 m is prestressed by a straight
tendon with a force of 1500 KN at an eccentricity of 200 mm from the centroid. The beam
supports a live load of 50 KN at the mid span and a dead load of 30 KN/m including the
beam’s weight.

A.) Calculate the final stress at the top fiber in MPa.

B.) Calculate the final stress at the bottom fiber in MPa.

Solution:

Stress due to P:
𝑃 1500 (1000)
𝑓𝑝 = − 𝐴 = − 300 (700)

𝑓𝑝 = - 7.14 MPa

Stress due to eccentricity “e”

6𝑃𝑒 6 (1500)(200)(1000)
𝑓𝑒 = 𝑏𝑑2 = 300 (700)2

𝑓𝑒 = ± 12.24 MPa

Stress due to self weight:

6𝑀 𝑤𝐿2 30 (10)2
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 ; M = = = 375 KN.m
8 8

6 (375)(1000)2
𝑓𝑏 = 300 (700)2

𝑓𝑏 = ± 15.306 MPa

Stress due to Live Load:

6𝑀 𝑃𝐿 50 (10)
𝑓𝑙𝑙 = 𝑏𝑑2 ; M = 4
= 4
= 125 KN.m

6 (125)(1000)2
𝑓𝑙𝑙 = 300 (700)2

𝑓𝑙𝑙 = ± 5.10 MPa

Final Stresses:
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = -7.14 + 12.24 – 15.306 – 5.10

𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 = -15.306 MPa

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = -7.14 – 12.24 + 15.306 + 5.10

𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 = 1.026 MPa

A concrete beam with cross-sectional of 32 𝑥 103 𝑚𝑚2 & the radius of gyration is 72 𝑚𝑚 is
𝑁
prestressed by a parabolic cable carrying an effective stresses1000 𝑚𝑚2 .The span of the
beam is 8 𝑚. The cable, composed of 6 wires of 7𝑚𝑚 diameter, has an eccentricity of 50 𝑚𝑚
at the center & zero at the supports. Neglecting all losses, find the central deflection of the
beam as follows:
a. Self-weight + prestressed
𝑘𝑁
b. Self-weight + prestressed + live load of 2 𝑚 .
Solution:

Cross-sectional area of beam, 𝐴 = 32𝑥103 𝑚𝑚2

𝑘𝑁
Modulus of elasticity, 𝐸 = 38 𝑚𝑚2

Dead weight of concrete,𝐷𝐶 = 24𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Radius of gyration, 𝑖 = 72𝑚𝑚

Span, 8𝑚 = 8000𝑚𝑚

Eccentricity, 𝑒 = 50𝑚𝑚

𝐼 = 𝐴𝑖 2 = (32𝑥103 𝑥722 ) = 166𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑃 = (6𝑥38.5𝑥1000) = 23100 𝑁 = 231 𝑘𝑁

32𝑥103 𝑘𝑁 0.00077𝑘𝑁
𝑔=( 6
𝑥24) = 0.77 =
10 𝑚 𝑚𝑚

5gL4 5𝑥0.00077𝑥80004
Downward deflection due to self weight = ( )=( ) = 6.5 𝑚𝑚
384𝐸𝐼 384𝑥38𝑥166𝑥106
5𝑃𝑒𝐿4 5𝑥231𝑥50𝑥80004
Upward deflection due to prestressing force = ( 48𝐸𝐼 ) = ( 48𝑥38𝑥166𝑥106 ) = 12.2𝑚𝑚

6.5
Downward deflection due to live load = (0.77 x2) = 16.9mm

a. Deflection due to (self-weight + prestress) = (12.2-6.5) = 5.7mm (upward)

b. Deflection due to (self-weight + prestress + live load) = 6.5-12.2+16.9) = 11.2
(downward)
Problem No.1. The beam of a 2 storey warehouse has dimension shown below. The beams
are simply supported on a span of 10 m and it is prestressed by a parabolic tendons( 15-
5mmØ wires ) with an eccentricity of 100 mm at midspan. The total loss of prestress due to
elastic shortening of concrete is Δfs = 50 kN and the beam carried a liveload of 20 kN/m. Use
24 kN/m³ weight if concrete and modular ratio of 12,500 for shortening of concrete.
300 mm
mm
700

 Determine the Initial Prestressing Force

 Determine the Stress at the midspan immediately after the initial prestressed is
applied.
 Determine the stress at midspan at final prestressding condition.

Solution:

From the formula of elastic shortening of Concrete:

𝑛ὸ
Δfs= where:
𝐴𝑔

Δfs is the loss of prestressed (kN)

N is the modular ratio

ὸ initial stress of cable

Ag is the gross area of section

12500ὸ
100 kN = 300 𝑥 700

ὸ = 840 MPa
𝑃
; ὸ= 𝐴

P= ὸAst
𝜋(5)²
P= 840x x 15
4

P = 247 kN answer.

 Determine the stress at midspan immediately after the initial prestressed is applied.
 Due to P
247𝑥 10 ³
f= 300 𝑥 700

f = 1.18 MPa

Due to e
6(247)(100)
f= 300 𝑥 700²

f= 1.01 MPa

Ftop

Ftop = -1.18 + 1.01

Ftop = 0.17 MPa

Fbot

Ftop = -1.18 - 1.01

Ftop = 2.19 MPa

  Determine the stress at midspan at final condition

Due to P
197𝑥 10 ³
f= 300 𝑥 700

f = 0.94MPa

Due to e
6(197𝑥10³)(100)
f= 300 𝑥 700²

f= 0.804 MPa

Due to Moment
DL = 24 kN/m³ ( .3)(.7)
DL = 5.04 kN/m
LL = 20 kN/m
Wtotal = 25.04 kN/m
25.04(10)²
M= 8
M= 313 kN.m.

6(313)
f= 300 𝑥 700²
f = 12.78 MPa
Ftop

Ftop = -.94+ .804 – 12.78

Ftop = -12.97 MPa

Ftop

Ftop = -.94- .804 + 12.78

Ftop = 11.04 MPa

A pre-tensioned beam of size 200 mm x 300 mm is eccentrically pre-stressed with 520 mm2 wires
anchored to bulkheads with a fi = 1035 MPa. The cgs is 100 mm above the bottom of the beam.
Assuming n = 6, compute the stresses in concrete and steel immediately after transfer due to pre-stress
only.
 A concrete beam is prestressed by 6 parabolic cables, each
carrying a 40kN force. The beam is having a rectangular section
150mm wide by 330mm deep supports a uniformly distributed load
of 5.5kN/m, which includes the self-weight of the beam. The
effective span of the beam is 7 meters and the eccentricity is
at the center of the span which is 60mm. Calculate the total
stress at midspan and determine the upper kern points location.

Given:
b = 150mm
d = 330mm
L = 7m
P = 6(40) = 240kN
e = 60mm
Solution: (Using Internal Resisting Couple Method)

SOLVING FOR THE TOTAL STRESS @ MIDSPAN

𝑤𝐿2 5.5(7)2
𝑀= 8
= 8
= 33.688 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀 = 𝑃ℎ
𝑀 33.688(10)3
ℎ= = = 140.367𝑚𝑚
𝑃 240

ℎ = 𝑒 + 𝑒′
𝑒 ′ = 140.367 − 60 = 80.367𝑚𝑚

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒′
𝑓 = −𝐴± 𝑏𝑑 2

240(10)3 6(240)(10)3 (80.367)

𝑓=− ±
150(330) 150(330)2

𝑓 = −4.848 ± 7.085

𝑓𝑇𝑂𝑃 = −4.848 − 7.085

𝑓𝑇𝑂𝑃 = −11.933𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝐵𝑂𝑇𝑇𝑂𝑀 = −4.848 + 7.085

𝑓𝐵𝑂𝑇𝑇𝑂𝑀 = 2.237𝑀𝑃𝑎

SOLVING FOR LOC. OF UPPER KERN POINT

𝑟2
𝑘𝑡 =
𝑐𝑡

since the section is a rectangle:

 ℎ 330
𝑘𝑡 = 6 = 6

𝑘𝑡 = 55𝑚𝑚