ENGLISH

EVOLUTION 2
The best tool for learning English
Sebastian & Ximena Gaxiola
Student Book / Intermediate
 ENGLISH EVOLUTION 2
UNIT 1
Debate about…
• How to spend your money wisely?
• How dangerous the usage of plasti
bags can be?
• The effects of deforestation.
• The necessity of the work of honeybees.
• Causes of climate change.

The unit contains…

• Consuming products.
• Benefits of using your own basket.
• Reforestation and deforestation.
• Environment conservation.
• Extreme weather.

In this unit you will learn…

• The usage of the apostrophe.
• To buy smart.
• Usage of too/enough
• To Reduce the use of plastic bags.
• To differentiate present simple vs.
Published by ECEL present progressive.
(Education Center of English Learning) • The way deforestation has affected our planet.
• The common apostrophe errors.
© ECLEL Editions, 2020 • The usage of either/neither
•The way of how to write a summary correctly
Design and Illustration © Bk Design, 2020

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any
means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publishers.

This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. if any have
been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the
necessary arragements at the first opportunity.
 Unit. 1 / Enviroment

Unit 1
Enviroment

UNIT 1.1
INTRODUCTION
How do you spend your money on?

VOCABULARY
• A Match up the words with their meanings Country

____1. consumerism a) a person who enjoys shopping a

lot and does it a lot.
____ 2. keep up with the joneses b) to try to resemble others in one’s
neighborhood or social circle
____ 3. epidemic c) the desire to buy new things
often
____ 4. guilty pleasure d) a problem that is widespread
____ 5. high e) the lack of attachment to
material possessions
____ 6. minimalism f) something that a person loves
even though they feel bad (guilty)
that they love it
____ 7. one in, one out g) someone’s possessions or things
that they take somewhere with
them
____ 8. have-not h) a rule or policy in which you
always get rid of something
old when you get something new
____ 9. shake one’s head i) a very good feeling that makes you
happy for a short time
____10. shocked j) poor, low-income
____11. shopaholic k) to think that something is very
wrong, to disapprove
____12. stuff l) very surprised
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Unit. 1 / Enviroment
READING
A. Fill in the blanks as you listen to the
recording. Then, read it to your classmate
CONSUMERISM
how much stuff do we need?
Do you work hard to keep up with the joneses?
Are you always hunting for the _______________
If you answered yes, you are not alone.
Consumerism is an epidemic in wealthy
countries. Many people stop at the mall before
going home after work. Others are addicted to
shopping channels.
Not all consumers are shopaholics. Some
people have one guilty pleasure. This may be
golf clubs, brand-name purses, or even take-out
coffee. Some people say that buying new things
makes them happy. Does shopping provide a
_______________ high?
The opposite of consumerism is minimalism.
Minimalists do not like unnecessary stuff. This
people only shop if it is absolutely necessary.
They typically have a one in, one out policy. if
6 7
they buy something new, it is because the old
one is too worn or _______________ to use. Many
minimalists don’t even have a car.
People in have-not countries would shake
their heads if they knew our consumer habits.
They would be shocked to learn that we
_______________ good electronics and clothes.
B. Comprehension Discuss these questions
in pairs, and write the answers in your
notebook.
1. According to the reading, what is an
epidemic in well-to- do countries?
2. Why does the reading mention take-out
coffee?
3. What is the opposite of consumerism?
4. What do you call a person who doesn’t like
to own stuff?
5. Why would people in have- not countries
shake their heads at shopaholics?
SPEAKING
Complete the following chart including the most important items
you will need after moving into a new house. Then, answer the
questions and compare your answers
STORE 1
Unit. 1 / Enviroment
WRITING
Apostrophe to show possession
Use the apostrophe to show possession in any of the following
situations:
• To show possession with a singular noun, add an apostrophe plus
the letter –s. example: a woman’s hat.
• To show possession with a plural noun, add an apostrophe after
the –s. example: the teachers’ room.
• To show possession with an irregular plural noun add an
apostrophe plus the letter –s (just as you would for the singular
noun). Example: men’s clothing.
Write five sentences that use apostrophes to show
possession of a noun. Be sure to write sentences for singular
nouns as well as pronouns. Use examples with ‘s and s’.
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________
LIST OF ITEMS
STORE 2 STORE 3
Unit. 1 / Enviroment
1.- What is the most important item you bought?
__________________________________________________________
2. What is the least important item you bought?
__________________________________________________________
3. Do you consider yourself consumerist or minimalist?
__________________________________________________________
4. Why did you select those stores?
__________________________________________________________
5. Do you know a shopaholic in class?
__________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
Too / enough
Too and enough indicate degree. They modify adjectives,
adverbs and nouns
• Too means more than what it is needed. Too comes before adjectives
and adverbs.
• Enough means sufficient. Enough comes after adjectives and adverbs.
Examples:
• She doesn’t have enough money to pay the rent.
• It is too hot to wear that coat.
A. Complete the sentences with too or enough
1. Can I turn on the air conditioner? It’s _________ hot.
2. Please can you turn up the TV? It isn’t loud _________.
3. My ladder isn’t long _________, can I borrow your ladder?
4. My bag is _________ small, I can’t fit all this books in it.
5. Can you speak up, please? Your voice is _________ quiet.
6. Today’s homework is _________ easy. My five-year-old sister can do it.
7. The computer is old and slow. It’s not fast _________.
8. I can’t do this. It’s _________ difficult.
8 piece, lightweight plastic bag in the 1960s,
Unit. 1 / Enviroment
B. Match the pairs as in the example
1. He feels too scared. _C_ a) It isn’t interesting enough.
2. Your hands are too dirty. ____ b) It isn’t long enough.
3. This jacket is too large. ____ c) He is not brave enough.
4. My classmates are too silly. ____ d) She isn’t calm enough.
5. These streets are too narrow. ____ e) She isn’t diligent enough.
6. These socks are too wet. ____ f) It isn’t small enough.
7. This skirt is too short. ____ g) They aren’t dry enough.
8. This story is too boring. ____ h) They aren’t sensible enough.
9. Mrs. White is too angry. ____ i) They aren’t clean enough.
10 My sister is too lazy. ____ j) They aren’t wide enough.
UNIT 1.2
INTRODUCTION
Does your native country allow plastic shopping bags?
VOCABULARY
A. Match the words with their meaning
____ 1. convenience a) to block, to stop water from flowing
____ 2. clog b) something that makes life easier
____ 3. ban c) the removal of waste
____ 4. disposal d) to no longer allow a thing or action
____ 5. devastating e) complete, total
____ 6. invoke f) damaging, causing great hardship
____ 7. scrap g) to make a request for, to ask for aid
____ 8. enforce h) to make sure that a rule or law is fo
llowed
____ 9. mandatory i) required, obligatory
____ 10. outright j) to stop having or using, to get rid of
READING
A. Fill in the blanks as you listen to the
recording. Then, read it to your classmate
BANNING PLASTIC BAGS
bring your own basket
When a Swedish engineer developed the one-
9
Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

everybody thought it was a great invention.

The plastic bag soon became a _______________
that shoppers couldn’t imagine living without.
However, as drains and waterways became
_______________ with plastic, the “single-use”
bags were identified as a major environmental
threat.
These days, governments around the world are
_______________plastic bags. In 2002, Bangladesh
became the first nation to do this. Improper
_______________of plastic bags was named as
a major contributing factor to _______________
floods in Bangladesh in the ‘80s and ‘90s. The
first major US city to _______________ a plastic
bag ban was Los Angeles in 2010. That same
year, Mexico City announced a one-billion-dollar
annual investment to become a greener city.
The Green Plan included a major campaign to
_______________ the use of plastic bags.
Despite bans and restrictions, the rules
themselves are not always _______________.
Some shopkeepers complain that they
lose money by not offering plastic bags to
customers. They may also feel that they have
no incentive to obey bylaws since no fines are
laid. The opposite occurs in Rwanda, where
the nationwide plastic bag ban has been
strictly enforced since 2008. Rwanda is one of
the cleanest countries in the world due to a
_______________ “Clean Up the City” day on the
last Saturday of each month. Many shoppers
in Rwanda have gone back to the traditional
shopping basket.
Not all politicians are in favor of banning plastic
bags. In 2012, Toronto Mayor Rob Ford call the
idea to scrap plastic bags “dumb” when his city
councilors voted to switch from a five-cent fee
on plastic bags to an _______________ban. Some
health experts agree that it’s not the smartest
idea to switch to cloth bags. Reusable bags are
typically full of germs. These bags could pose
serious health hazards. Do the pros outweigh
the cons?
SPEAKING
Discuss the following questions in
class. Then write your answer in your
notebook.
1. What other items do you think will be
banned for environmental reasons in the
near future?
2. What can a city do to become greener?
3. What are some alternatives to plastic
bags? Which is the most convenient?
4. Do the potential health hazards of cloth
Comprehension
bags outweigh the environmental threat
Discuss these questions in pairs. Then of plastic bags?
write your answers below
1.- When and where were plastic bags
invented? WRITING
______________________________________________
Apostrophe to show contraction
______________________________________________
2.- Why was Bangladesh the first nation
to ban plastic bags?
In writing we use many contractions to shorten words and
sentences. here are some of the most common contractions in
______________________________________________
English.
______________________________________________
3.- What did the Government of Mexico
City decide in 2010? Word(s) Contraction Word(s) Contraction Word(s) Contraction Word(s) Contraction
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ is ‘s are ‘re had ‘d will ‘ll
4.- What do Rwandans do to keep their
country clean?
has ‘s would ‘d have ‘ve no n’t
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5.- Why do some health experts disagree
with the use of reusable shopping bags?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

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Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

A. Write the contraction and one sentence

of each set of words

# words Contraction Sentence

1. who is
2. cannot
3. he would
4. they have
5. we are
6. you had
7 I am
8. should not
C. Choose the correct alternative(s) in
9. will not
the sentences 1-8 below
10. I would
1.- Today she ’s _______________ time with her a) spend b) spending
grandmother.
GRAMMAR
Present Simple vs. Present Progressive 2.- They usually are _______________ to the gym a) go b) going
on Sundays.
A. Read the sentences and say the differences
3.- We ’re _______________ a barbecue later on. a) have b) having
Do you want to come?
Present Simple Present Progressive
4.- No, she can’t answer the phone, she a) has b) is
John listens to music John is listening to music _______________ having a shower.

5.- I always _______________ having a coffee a) have b) am

B. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form (present simple or
before I ’m _______________ for work in the a) leave b) leaving
present continuous)
morning.
Next week, my friends and I _________ (go) camping in the woods. I
6.- They sometimes _______________to Sweden, a) fly b) are flying
____________ (organize) the food, because I _____________ (like) cooking.
but usually they are _______________by boat. a) go b) going
Dave ________________ (have) a big car with a trailer, so he _____________
(plan) the transportation. Sam ______________ (bring) the tent — he
7.- Where are you _______________outside in a) sit b) sitting
___________ (go) camping every year, so he _________ (have) a great tent
the sunshine!
and lots of other equipment. My wife _______ (think) we’re crazy. She (like)
_______________ holidays in comfortable hotels, so she ______________ (take)
8.- He always _______________a monolingual a) brings b) bringing
a trip to Paris instead.
dictionary to his English class.

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Unit. 1 / Enviroment
UNIT 1.3
INTRODUCTION
How does deforestation affect the food
chain?
VOCABULARY
A. Match the words on the left with the
correct meanings on the right
___ 1. conversion
___ 2. clear-cut (adjective)
___ 3. destruction
___ 4. eliminate
___ 5. habitat
___ 6. clear-cut
___ 7. impact
___ 8. reforestation
___ 9. susceptible
___ 10. restriction
___ 11. carbon emissions
14
READING
A. Fill in the blanks as you listen to the
recording. Then, read the text to your
classmate
DEFORESTATION
Do we need a clear-cut plan?
Deforestation refers to the destruction and
a) the removal of a large portion of a forest. conversion of forests. Humans are largely
b) the natural home of a plant or animal. ______________ for the loss of forests. The cleared
c) the release of carbon dioxide into the land is used for farming, housing, businesses,
atmosphere mining, and roads. The resources are used for
d) the effect something has on someone or building materials, fuel, medicine, food, and
something. paper. According to some ______________, up
e) a rule that prevents or limits something to half of the world’s tropical rain forests have
f) likely to be harmed already been ______________ for these purposes.
g) the destroying of something The majority of the earth’s plants and animals
h) the replanting of a forest that has been live in forests. Deforestation ______________ the
destroyed or removed food chain. What will come of the remaining
i) to remove entirely species if we eliminate their habitat? According
j) definite, specific to some experts, we will soon find out. Based
k) the change from one form to another on the current rate of deforestation, the world’s
rain forests could ______________ within 100
years.
Unit. 1 / Enviroment
How did humans let this happen? Survival
is the main reason. Converting forests
to ______________ is the leading cause of
deforestation. Farmers use clear-cutting to
make land available for livestock and crops.
They ______________ the income and the
resources for survival. For many years, farmers
were unaware of the impact of deforestation.
______________ are also to blame. Do you
ever think about the trees that were lost so
that you could enjoy your daily coffee, tea,
rice, or peanuts? We are all contributors to
deforestation.
Humans in many parts of the world are feeling
the ______________ of deforestation. Can the
damage be undone? New restrictions on
clear-cutting have been introduced in some of
the most heavily forested nations, including
Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia.
______________are focusing on reforestation
methods, and are exploring ways to reverse the
damage. Planting mixed forests that are less
susceptible to disease is one method. Learning
how to prevent soil erosion is also crucial.
When a tree falls, it releases carbon into
the ______________. What does this mean for
global warming? According to some scientists,
approximately 20% of global carbon emissions
result from deforestation. That’s more than the
carbon emissions of all the ______________ in the
world.
15
Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

1. Define deforestation WRITING

____________________________________________________________________________ Common apostrophe errors
____________________________________________________________________________
One of the most common apostrophe
2. What is the leading cause of deforestation?
errors people make is writing “it is” or “it
____________________________________________________________________________
has,” use “it’s”
____________________________________________________________________________

3. Why does the reading mention coffee and tea? Examples: It’s a nice day outside. (it is) /
____________________________________________________________________________ it’s been a nice summer. (it has)
____________________________________________________________________________
If you can’t, you need the possessive
4. What two reforestation methods are mentioned? pronoun “its.” There is no such a word as
____________________________________________________________________________ “its”
____________________________________________________________________________
Example: The dog licked its paws.
5. How does reforestation contribute to global warming?
____________________________________________________________________________ A. Complete the following sentences
____________________________________________________________________________ using “its” or “it’s.”

1. I like the color of _____ fur.

2. _____ already six o’clock.
3. Why don’t you check _____ collar?
4. I think _____ going to rain tomorrow.
5. This city is known for _____ tulip festival.
6. _____ got to be here somewhere.
7. _____ quarter to four.

GRAMMAR
Either / neither
SPEAKING
Discuss the following questions in your class. Then, write your
Either means “both”, “one” and neither means “not either”,
answers in your notebook
“none”. Either is used in negative constructions, while neither is
1. Should reforestation be a global priority? If yes, what can everyday used in affirmative constructions. Check the following examples:
person do to help make it one? If no, why not?
A: I’m broke what B: I don’t have any money. Do you have any?
2. How does deforestation contribute to disasters such as flooding and about you?
landslides? Can we call this natural disasters? If humans helped cause
them? A: I don’t have any B: I also, don’t have any money.
money either
3. Trees are useful for humans in so many different ways that it seems A: I don’t like cricket. B. Neither do I.
they are meant for us to use. Do you think humans can find ways to
use trees without abusing the environment, or should forests be left A. I have never been B. I Haven’t been there either. / Neither have I.
untouched? to Spain.

16 17
Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

Either/ or Is used in affirmative sentences to offer a choice UNIT 1.4

between two possibilities, or to express cause-effect INTRODUCTION
relationship. Neither/ nor is used in negative constructions
Why do we need honeybees?
Either / or Neither / nor
VOCABULARY
I can serve you either a glass of I have neither the time nor A. Match up the words with their meanings
water or a coke. (you can choose the patience to listen to your
between the glass of water and stories. ( I do not have the time ____ 1. pollinator a) to provide the amount needed or requested
the coke). and I do not have the patience ____ 2. indirectly b) for the purpose of making a profit
to listen to your stories). ____ 3. dropping like flies c) the natural environment where a species
____ 4. phenomenon lives
____ 5. keep up with the demand d) the loss of one sense of direction
____ 6. pesticides e) one event causes the spread (chain reaction)
A. Choose the correct answer ____ 7. commercial of related events
____ 8. habitat f) the growth and spread of cities
1. She didn’t like _____________ of them. a) either b) neither ____ 9. urban sprawl g) chemicals used to harmful pests off plants
2. A. I don’t like pizza. B. __________ do I. a) either b) neither ____ 10. disorientation h) not directly, but still playing a part
3. John isn’t going to the meeting and I am not _____________. a) either b) neither ____ 11. ripple effect i) a species that carries pollen from the male
4. You won’t go to the party and _____________ will Lucy. a) either b) neither ____ 12. malnutrition part of a plant to a female part of a plant
5. Lucy isn’t French and _____________ is Luis. a) either b) neither j) a situation or event that is observed with
6. I don’t like _____________ of the new restaurants. a) either b) neither interest
7. You don’t like them, do you? I don’t _____________. a) either b) neither k) to be dying off suddenly
8. I like _____________ of them a) either b) neither l) insufficient food and/ or water

b. Complete the sentences with either, neither, either or,

neither nor

1. I like eggs__________ boiled __________ fried. I would never eat an

omelet, though. READING
2. There were beautiful posters on __________ margins of the wall
A. Fill in the blanks as you listen to the
recording. Then, read the text to your
3. I don’t want to swim, and my husband doesn’t __________.
classmate
4. My wife doesn’t like swimming, __________ do I.
VANISHING HONEYBEES Pollinating
5. We were served two dishes, but __________ was as tasty as we under pressure
expected
Did you eat _______________ today? Did you
6. __________ I, __________my friends, enjoy your company. enjoy a handful of almonds? Chances are you
owe a special thank you to some hardworking
honeybees. honeybees do much more than

18 19
Unit. 1 / Enviroment
make honey. They are pollinators that directly
and indirectly help bring food to our tables.
According to some bee experts, _______________
bites of food is related to the work of a
honeybee.
While we’ve come to rely on honeybees for
our food supply. These pollinators have been
dropping like flies since the late 1990s. The
mysterious phenomenon of the disappearing
honeybee is known as Colony Collapse Disorder
(CCD). Even though bee _______________ can be
replaced by commercial beekeepers, it is a very
expensive procedure. When colonies are lost
year after year, beekeepers are unable to keep
up with the demand.
Bee experts don’t know exactly what is causing
the rapid decline of honeybees. But most agree
that chemicals are largely to blame. The use
of pesticides has increased dramatically in
recent years. _______________ is another suspect.
Extreme weather such as drought can make it
difficult for bees to do their job. Loss of habitat
is another likely cause. Urban sprawl results in
the loss of forests, fields and meadows. Habitat
loss causes malnutrition and disorientation. A
bee that can’t find its way back to _______________
hive is no use to its colony and dies within a
matter of hours.
Honeybees aren’t the only pollinators. Other
types of bees and insects, as well as bats and
birds, are pollinators. According to various
studies many pollinators _______________,
including various species of bees, are
20
showing signs of becoming endangered.
Environmentalists are concerned about the
ripple effect this could have on the earth.
Some fear that the decline of pollinators is
a greater threat to the earth than the global
warming.
Comprehension
Discuss the questions in pairs. Then,
write the answers
1.- What does the reading say about our
food supply?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2.- What scientific name has been
assigned to the decline of honeybees?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3.- According to this reading, what three
factors may be contributing to CCD?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
4.- Why does the reading mention bats?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5.- What major environmental concern
is mentioned in the conclusion?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Unit. 1 / Enviroment
SPEAKING
A. Discuss the following questions. Then
write your answers in your notebook
1. Another possible cause to CCD is cellphone
towers. Can you explain why this could be a
contributing factor?
2. Do you agree with bee experts who think that
honeybee loss is a more serious concern than
global warming?
WRITING
How to write a summary?
A summary is a condensed overview of the
main idea(s) and essential details of a longer
work. (e.g. an article of a story) a summary
should be objective and concise. It should be
able to stand alone as its own work. The target
audience is a reader who is not familiar with the
original work.
A summary is formatted in paragraph Follow the given instructions of how to
form. One paragraph is long enough to write a summary and construct yours.
summarize a short article, story or film. A
Select your topic
summary is usually written in the present
tense. It follows a traditional format of a ___________________________________________________
paragraph. It should include: ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
1. An introductory (topic) sentence (includes
the title and author) that briefly tells the reader
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
what the piece is about.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. Three to five supporting sentences that relate
to the central idea. (about one sentence per ___________________________________________________
section of original text, in logical order) ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. Attribute tags to show that thoughts are not ___________________________________________________
writer’s own. (avoid direct quotes if possible. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4. A concluding sentence that rephrases the
___________________________________________________
main idea.
21
Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

GRAMMAR
STATIVE VERBS

Stative verbs describe a state rather than an action. They aren’t

usually used in the present continuous form. Stative verbs often
relate to:

• Thoughts and opinions:

agree, believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, mean,
recognize, remember, suspect, think, understand.

• Feelings and emotions:

dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish

• Senses and perceptions: B. If the verb in brackets is stative, fill the gap with the verb in the
appear, feel, be, hear, look, see, seem, smell, taste simple form. If it is non stative use the continuous form.
• Possession and measurement: 1. We ____________ him for more than ten years. (know)
belong, have, measure, own, possess, weigh
2. Beatrice can’t come to the door right now – she ____________
a shower. (have)
A. Complete each sentence using the
correct stative verb. 3. We ____________a bath in our flat, not a shower. (have)

1. Do you ____________ the answer?
2. Jim ____________dessert every day.
3. I ____________ good about the race’s outcome.
4. She ____________ her mother.
5. Do you ____________ they will win.
6. They really ____________ everything you did for
them.
7. I think the teacher was ____________ with my
speech.
8. Can you ____________ the coffee brewing?
9. I still ____________a lot of money on my
student’s loans.
10. You ____________ more shoes than anyone I
know!
a) depend on b) know c) include
a) has b) eats c) possesses
a) am b) were c) feel
a) imagines b) resembles c) walks with
a) think b) involve c) promise
a) include b) appreciate c) dislike
a) involved b) measured c) satisfied
a) feel b) smell c) dislike
a) deserve b) owe c) involve
a) dislike b) suppose c) has
4. David ____________ three motorbikes and two cars. (own)
5. How long has Adam ____________ to be a police man?. (want)
6. Our son is eleven and ____________ in Santa Claus right now.
(not/ believe)
7. Give me a moment, please; I ____________ about what to do. (think)
8. I ____________ anyone who smokes cigarettes is crazy. (think)
9. Hanna ____________ hard recently. She looks for a promotion. (work)
10. I ____________ my husband to fix that broken door handle. (ask)

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Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

UNIT 1.5 called “the greenhouse effect.” Many types of

_______________, including carbon dioxide (CO2)
INTRODUCTION
and methane, cause this blockage. Do you buy
What are the X games?
furniture, eat meat, or drive to school or work?
All of these everyday activities contribute to the
VOCABULARY greenhouse ________.
One of the regions showing the early effects
of climate change is the Arctic. Higher
____ 1. floods a) to harm or spoil something
temperatures result in warming oceans. Much
____ 2. heat b) the temperature of something, hot or warm.
of the sea ice Arctic is _______________. The
____ 3. greenhouse effect c) the area where plants and animals live
decrease of sea ice is causing Arctic animals
____ 4. damage d) usual, typical
to lose their _______________. As environments
____ 5. average e) to block movement
change, plants and animals die off. What will
____ 6. drought f) to become covered by water
this loss in _______________mean for the earth?
____ 7. blame (noun) g) a large variety
Climate change is happening whether we like it
____ 8. trap h) an air-like substance that can expand but has no
or not. Many scientists believe it is impossible
____ 9. gas shape or volume (e.g. co2)
for us to undo the _______________. There are
____ 10. habitat i) to make necessary changes
many things we can and must do, however, to
____ 11. diversity j) a lack of rainfall, extreme dryness in the climate
prevent further harm. We must also learn how
____ 12. adapt k) an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and
to _______________ to our warming planet. How
other gases to the atmosphere
much time do humans have left? When will we
l) the responsibility for a bad thing that happened
stop playing the blame game?

READING
Fill in the blanks as you listen to the
recording. Then, read the text to your
classmate
CLIMATE CHANGE
Many people believe that the earth is in serious
trouble due to climate change. Around the
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world, _______________ temperatures are higher
now than they were 50 years ago. Extreme
weather events such as hurricanes, droughts,
wildfires, and floods are more common
too. According to scientists, much of the
_______________ falls on humans.
Global warming occurs when the earth’s
atmosphere _______________the sun’s heat
and blocks it from going to space. This is
Comprehension SPEAKING
Discuss the questions in pairs. Then, write
the answers A. Discuss the following questions. Then
write your answers in your notebook
1. What is different about the earth’s climate
now compared to 50 years ago? 1. Identify the extreme weather event from
_______________________________________________ the reading. Have you experienced any of
_______________________________________________ these in your region?
2. Define “the greenhouse effect” now in your
own words. 2. Why is climate change such an important
_______________________________________________ issue for today’s youth?
_______________________________________________
3. Why does the reading mention meat? 3. To whom will you blame about the climate
_______________________________________________ change?
_______________________________________________
4. How does melting sea ice in the Arctic affect
the whole world?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
5. How does the reading end?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
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Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

B. Walk around your class and ask your classmates the questions
in the chart. Write their answers in the black boxes Pattern Use

What do you Modal + verb Might, could and may have the same meaning.
What can schools do What can businesses
already do to
to prevent climate do to prevent climate Modals are always followed by a base verb. A Might and could are common, use either one.
prevent climate
change? change? base verb is a verb with no ending (no –s, -ed,
change?
-ing, etc.) added to it May is more formal and not often used nowa-
days.
• John could be late.
• She might get a new puppy.
• They may go to the party later.

SPEAKING B. Get into pairs and read the dialogues.

A. Write might, could or may in the
sentences below to show possibility. More
than one answer might be possible
1. She ___________ call her friend later?
2. My brother ___________ go on a hike.
3. Luis ___________ not watch a movie with us.
4. ___________ that be a UFO?
Then, create your own dialogue in your
notebook.
Dialogue 1
A. Maria isn’t in class today.
B. She might be sick.
A. She could be late.
B. Or, she might be on vacation.
A. Maybe, she’s at the mall.
B. Yes, she could be shopping now!

GRAMMAR
5. Our neighbor ___________ mow our lawn.
MODALS OF POSSIBILITY
6. Dan ___________ not go snowboarding next Dialogue 2
Modals (also known as modal verbs) are words that come before a weekend.
main verb and give it extra meaning such as ability, advice, neces- A. Billy isn’t in class today. Where could
sity, possibility. The modals of possibility show that something is 7. ___________ this be the missing puzzle piece? he be?
possible now or might happen in the future. Modals of possibility B. He might have a cold.
include might, could and may 8. His mother ___________ not make cookies for A. He could be at home.
us. B. Or he might be at the beach.
A. Maybe he is at the park.
9. I ___________ forger everyone’s names. B. Yes, he could be playing baseball
now!
10. my teacher ___________ not give us any
homework tonight.

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Unit. 1 / Enviroment Unit. 1 / Enviroment

ROLE PLAY ROUND UP

MAKING A CHANGE Write either or neither
Match the words on the left with their
Survey. Talk to ten of your classmates or opposites on the right 1. __________ of them told me about it so I
other students at the school. Find out what didn’t go.
they do to be green ___ 1. minimalism a) low 2. We use a negative verb with __________.
___ 2. high b) wealthy 3. We don’t use a negative verb with
___ 3. have-not c) necessity __________.
Sample questions. 4. She didn’t like __________ of them
___ 4. guilty pleasure d) consumerism
___ 5. epidemic e) isolated event 5. __________of them told me about it so I
1. Do you think the environment is important? didn’t go.
Why or why not?
Write a sentence with each word
2. Do you recycle? If yes, what items do you
recycle? If no, why not? 1. convenience _________________________________
_________________________________________________ Circle the stative verb from the fo-
3. Do you like products that come from llowing list.
companies that are green? Which ones? 2. disposal ______________________________________
_________________________________________________
believe create decorate taste
4. What kind of bags or containers do you cut like combine react
use when you go to the store? Plastic? Paper? 3. clog __________________________________________
work belong hear learn
Reusable? Other? _________________________________________________
possess establish study love

5. Do you buy bottled water instead of drinking 4. ban __________________________________________

from the tap or a reusable bottle? Should bottle _________________________________________________
water be banned?
5. devastating ___________________________________ Write the correct form of the verb in
Display your data. Collect your data from __________________________________________________
6. What things do you do to help the brackets using the simple present and
environment? the questions and create a chart or graph
present progressive form
that details your results Circle the word or phrase that does not
7. Do you use both sides of a piece of paper? belong to the group 1. I _________ reading a book right now.
(read)
8. Do you leave the light on when you are not in 1. trap block release fix 2. She _________ a taxi every day at 8:00 am.
the room? 2. harm help ignore damage (take)
3. melt increase decrease freeze 3. Richard _________ to New York next
9. Do you throw away or compost food you 4. drought dessert hurricane flood month. (move)
don’t finish? 5. loss death lost increase 4. We usually _________ a coffee before
going to work. (drink)
10. Do you recycle electronic products? 5. Naomi _________ the apartment. (clean
up)

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