The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning.

Maklumat berikut mungkin berfaedah. Simbol-simbol mempunyai makna yang biasa.

vu
1. a= 20. n= real depth
t
1. 2
v = u + 2as 2 apparent depth
1 2
2. s = ut + at 1 1 1
2 21.  
f u v
3. Momentum = mv

4. F = ma 22. Linear magnification, m = v

u
5. Kinetic energy = ½ mv2
23. P = 1/ f
6. Gravitational potential energy = mgh
24. v = f 
1
7. Elastic potential energy = Fx
2 ax
8. Power, P = energy 25. =
D
time
m
9. ρ=
V 26. Q = It

10. Pressure, p =hg

27. E = VQ
F
11. Pressure, p =
A
28. V = IR
12. Heat, Q = mc
29. E = V + Ir
13. Heat, Q = mℓ
30. Power, P = VI
14. P1V1 = P2V2
NS V
31.  S
15. V1 = V2 N P VP
T1 T2
I S VS
32. Efficiency = x 100%
I PV P
16. P1 = P2
T1 T2
33. eV = ½ mv2

PV 34. E = mc2
17. = constant
T
35. g = 10 ms-2
sin i
18. n=
sin r