Anatomy

Most Recent Questions

R1. Nucleus pulposus is formed from which of the R3. Scapula bone is shown in the Photograph. Which
following structures as shown in Photograph? of the following structures marked on the bone is
[AIIMS May 2017] palpable in the Infraclavicular fossa?
[AIIMS May 2017]

a. A b. B a. A b. B
c. C d. D c. C d. D
Ans.
R1. d R2. 
A young aged patient presents to OPD with R4. Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve passes
R2. a complete absence of thymus. He also has through which of the following foramina shown in
R3. c hypoparathyroidism and tetany. Defective area in Photograph? [AIIMS May 2017]
R4. a this condition is? [AIIMS May 2017]

a. A b. B a. A b. B
c. C d. D c. C d. D

Explanations of the questions are given at the end of the subject

 Most Recent Questions 3

ANATOMY
R5. Structure (Marked in Photograph) is involved in R7. Photograph shows an arrow pointing to Medial
the pathogenesis of following disease rectus muscle. Name the location of the nucleus
[AIIMS May 2017] supplying the muscle. [AIIMS May 2017]

a. Huntington chorea
b. Depression
c. Paralysis agitans
d. Alzheimer’s disease

a. Facial colliculus
b. Superior colliculus
c. Superior olivary
R6. Marked muscle (Arrow in Photograph) has the
d. Inferior colliculus
following function [AIIMS May 2017]

R8. 
Vertebral artery is related to which part of
Ans.
Vertebral arch? [AIIMS May 2017]
R5. c
R6. a
R7. b
R8. c

a. A
b. B
a. Protraction b. Elevation c. C
c. Retraction d. Depression d. D

Explanations of the questions are given at the end of the subject

 4 Most Recent Questions
PHOTON 20

R9. Which of the following is the origin of the marked R11. 

Identify the urogenital diaphragm in the
fibres? [AIIMS May 2017] Photograph given below. [AIIMS May 2017]

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

a. Mammillary body b. Hippocampus

c. Habenular d. Amygdala

R12. Below is the insertion of transverse abdominis

muscle in Photograph. Which of the following
R10. Photograph shows the Epiploic foramen. Along marks the conjoint tendon? [AIIMS May 2017]
the superior boundary the structure marked in
the figure corresponds to [AIIMS May 2017]

Ans.
R9. b
R10. b
R11. c
R12. d

a. Lesser omentum a. A
b. Caudate lobe b. B
c. Duodenum c. C
d. IVC d. D

Explanations of the questions are given at the end of the subject

 12 Upper Limb
PHOTON 20

17.  Condition (Arrow) shown in Photograph is due to 19. Flexion at Joints (Boxes) shown in Photograph is
 [Recent Question 2013, 2014] done by

a. Klumpke’s paralysis a. Lumbricals

b. Erb’s palsy b. Dorsal interossei
c. Long thoracic nerve palsy c. Palmar interossei
d. Thoracic outlet syndrome d. All of the above

18. Medial boundary of Fossa (Triangle) shown in 20. Artery accompanying nerve (Encircled) shown in
Photograph is [Recent Question 2013] Photograph is

Ans.
17. b
18. a
19. d
20. d

a. Pronator teres
b. Brachioradialis a. Axillary A
c. Supinator b. Subscapular A
d. Bicipital aponeurosis c. Anterior circumflex humeral A
d. Posterior circumflex humeral A

Explanations of the questions are given at the end of the subject

 Upper Limb 13

ANATOMY
21. Following muscle has no action at the Joint (En­ 24. Structure NOT present in passageway shown in
circled) shown in Photograph  [Recent Question Photograph [Recent Question 2012]
2013]

a. Trapezius b. Subscapularis
c. Pectoralis minor d. Teres major

a. Flexor pollicis longus

b. Median nerve
22. Sign shown in the Photograph occur due to Injury c. Flexor digitorum superficialis
of  [Recent Question 2017, 2014, 2012] d. Flexor carpi ulnaris

25. Muscle (Arrow) shown in Photograph is supplied

by

a. Radial nerve b. Median nerve

c. Ulnar nerve d. Axillary nerve Ans.
21. c
22. c
23. a
23. Movement of hand (Arrow) shown in Photograph
24. d
is done mainly by [Recent Question 2013]
25. b

a. Flexor carpi radialis a. Superficial peroneal nerve

b. Flexor carpi ulnaris b. Deep peroneal nerve
c. Flexor digitorum superficialis c. Tibial nerve
d. Flexor digitorum profundus d. Sciatic nerve

Explanations of the questions are given at the end of the subject

 14 Upper Limb/ Thorax and Chest Cavity (Including Breast)
PHOTON 20

26. Identify Ligament (Encircled) shown in Photo­ 28. 

Nerve supply of area (Arrow) shown in
graph Photograph is [Recent Question 2013]

a. Coraco-clavicular ligament a. Superficial branch of Radial nerve

b. Acromio-clavicular ligament b. Deep branch of Radial nerve
c. Ligament of Bigelow c. Median nerve
d. Sterno-clavicular ligament d. Ulnar nerve

27. Muscles included in Cuff shown in Photograph 29. 

Condition (Encircled) shown in Photograph
include all except [Recent Question 2013] occur due to involvement of[Recent Question 2013]
Ans.
26. a
27. c
28. c
29. c

a. C8 T1
b. C5 C6
a. Supraspinatus b. Infraspinatus c. Long thoracic nerve
c. Teres major d. Teres minor d. Thoracodorsal nerve

Explanations of the questions are given at the end of the subject

 Thorax and Chest Cavity (Including Breast) 15

ANATOMY
30. Artery (Arrow) shown in Photograph supply all of 33. Muscle NOT attached to Superior surface of bone
the following EXCEPT (Arrow) shown in Photograph

a. SA node b. AV node
c. AV bundle d. Right bundle branch

31. Relation of Vessels/ Nerve (Above to downwards) a. Scalenus anterior

in Space shown in Photograph is b. Scalenus medius
c. Scalenus posterior
d. Subclavius

34. Identify the Cardiac valve (Marking) shown on

Bone in Photograph

a. Artery-Vein-Nerve b. Nerve-Vein-Artery Ans.

c. Vein-Artery-Nerve d. Vein-Nerve-Artery 30. d
31. c
32. c
32. Muscle which causes Action (Arrows) shown in 33. c
Photograph 34. c

a. Mitral valve
b. Aortic valve
a. Serratus anterior b. Levator scapulae c. Tricuspid valve
c. Rhomboides major d. Supraspinatus d. Pulmonary valve

Explanations of the questions are given at the end of the subject

Answers & Explanations
R1. Ans. (d)  D •• Apex of the coracoid process lies approximately 2.5 cm
below the clavicle immediately lateral to this fossa, and is
[Ref. Langman’s Medical Embryology, 13/e p153] covered by the anterior fibres of deltoid
•• Nucleus pulposus is formed from notochord (D in •• Tip of coracoid process can be palpated in this fossa
Photograph)
R4. Ans. (a)  A
•• Notochord is a midline structure, that develops in the
region lying between the cranial end of the primitive streak [Ref. Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, 1/e p3]
and the caudal end of the prochordal plate •• In the given Photograph,
•• Notochord develops as a notochordal process in the ƒƒ A: Foramen ovale
mesoderm ƒƒ B: Foramen spinosum
•• Sequential development: Notochordal process → ƒƒ C: Jugular foramen
Notochordal canal → Notochordal plate → Definitive ƒƒ D: Internal acoustic cmeatus
notochord → Later degenerates only remnants left in form Foramen Structures passing through foramen
of Nucleus pulposus
Foramen rotundum Maxillary nerve
R2. Ans. (a)  A Foramen ovale Mandibular nerve
Accessory meningeal artery
[Ref. Larsen's Human Embryology, 5/e p463] Lesser petrosal nerve
DIGEORGE SYNDROME Emissary vein
•• Caused by a deletion in the long (or “q”) arm of chromosome Foramen spinosum Middle meningeal artery
22, leading to a hypoplasia of 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouch Emissary vein
Nervous spinosum
derivatives
•• Symptoms and signs:
ƒƒ Hypoplasia of the hyoid
R5. Ans. (c)  Paralysis agitans
ƒƒ Thymic hypoplasia (immunodeficiency due to a lack of [Ref. Neuroanatomy by Vishram Singh, 2/e p83,84]
T-cells)
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (ENCIRCLED IN PHOTOGRAPH)
ƒƒ Hypoparathyroidism (missing or hypoplastic inferior
•• Substantia nigra is made up of deeply pigmented nerve cells
parathyroid glands)
which contain melanin (a polymerized form of dopamine)
ƒƒ Outflow tract defects (neural crest in this area also
•• These cells synthesize dopamine which is carried through
contributes to conotruncal cushions of the outflow tract) their axons (Nigrostriatal fibers) to the corpus striatum.
•• The thymus and parathyroid both develops from 3rd •• Degeneration or destruction of Substantia nigra causes
pharyngeal pouch (A in Photograph) deficiency of dopamine in the corpus striatum leading to
•• D represent 1st pharyngeal pouch, C represent 2nd the Parkinsonism (Paralytic agitans)
pharyngeal pouch, A represent 3rd pharyngeal pouch, B
represent 4th pharyngeal pouch in Photograph. R6. Ans. (a)  Protraction

R3. Ans. (c)  C [Ref. Essential Clinical Oral Biology by Creanor, 1/e p117]
•• Protraction of the mandible is achieved principally by the
[Ref. Gray’s Anatomy, 41/e p787]
lateral pterygoids (Arrow in Photograph) assisted by the
•• In the given Photograph, masseter and medial pterygoid muscles
ƒƒ A: Infraglenoid tubercle •• While the inferior lateral pterygoid muscle is responsible
ƒƒ B: Acromian process for moving the condyle forward (protraction), the superior
ƒƒ C: Coracoid process lateral pterygoid muscle only works with elevator muscles
ƒƒ D: Inferior angle of scapula during chewing/ closing mouth
INFRACLAVICULAR FOSSA (DELTOPECTORAL
R7. Ans. (b)  Superior colliculus
TRIANGLE)
•• Small depression located inferior to the clavicle [Ref. Gray’s Anatomy, 41/e p312]
•• Located between the clavicular origins of pectoralis major •• Medial rectus is supplied by Occulomotor nerve [III CN]
and deltoid, at the junction of the convex medial and •• Nucleus of III CN is situated at the level of Superior
concave lateral portions of the clavicle colliculus
 Answers & Explanations 47

R8. Ans. (c)  C •• Omental foramen has the following borders:

ANATOMY
ƒƒ Superior: Peritoneum that covering the liver (caudate
[Ref. Gray’s Anatomy, 41/e p283] lobe)
ƒƒ Inferior: Peritoneum that covering the duodenum and
the hepatic artery
ƒƒ Anterior: Free border of the lesser omentum
(Hepatoduodenal ligament)
ƒƒ Posterior: Peritoneum that covers the Inferior vena cava
ƒƒ Left lateral: Splenorenal and Gastrosplenic ligaments

R11. Ans. (c)  C

[Ref. Gray’s Anatomy, 41/e p1223]
•• Pelvic diaphragm is mainly made up of levator ani muscle
•• Urogenital diaphragm consists of mainly 2 muscles:
ƒƒ Deep transverse perinei
ƒƒ Sphincter urethrae
1: Anterior tubercle; 2: Anterior arch; 3: Outline of dens; 4:
Superior articular facet, on lateral mass; 5: Outline of transverse
ligament; 6: Groove for vertebral artery and C1; 7: Posterior
arch; 8: Transverse process; 9: Foramen transversarium; 10:
Vertebral foramen; 11: Posterior tubercle
•• Four parts of Vertebral arteries:
ƒƒ 1st part: It extends from the origin of the artery to the
transverse process of 6th cervical vertebra
ƒƒ 2nd part: It runs vertically through foramina
transversarium of upper 6 cervical vertebra
ƒƒ 3rd part: It lies over the posterior aspect of lateral mass of
atlas vertebra then it enters in suboccipital triangle.
ƒƒ 4th part: It extends from posterior atlanto occipital
membrane to lower border of pons. Then vertebral
arteries of both sides unite and form basilar artery. R12. Ans. (d)  D
[Ref. Gray’s Anatomy, 41/e p1080]
R9. Ans. (b)  Hippocampus
•• Structures in Photograph:
[Ref. Gray’s Anatomy, 41/e p262-283] ƒƒ A: Muscle fibres
FORNIX (ARROW IN PHOTOGRAPH) ƒƒ B: Lumbar fascia
•• Main efferent system of the hippocampus and an important ƒƒ C: Inguinal ligament
part of the limbic system ƒƒ D: Conjoint tendon
•• One of the commissural fibres connecting the cerebral
hemispheres.
•• C shaped fibres from hippocampus to mammillary bodies
•• Connections:
ƒƒ The hippocampus to the mammillary bodies
ƒƒ The hippocampus to the septal nuclei and the nuclei
accumbens
ƒƒ The mammillary bodies to the anterior nuclei of the
thalamus

R10. Ans. (b)  Caudate lobe

[Ref. Gray’s Anatomy, 41/e p1107]

OMENTAL FORAMEN •• Conjoint tendon:

•• Epiploic foramen, Foramen of Winslow, Foramen ƒƒ Fusion of lowest aponeurotic fibres of internal oblique
epiploicum and transverse abdominis muscle
•• Passage between the greater sac and the lesser sac of the ƒƒ It is situated on medial side attached to pubic crest and
abdomen medial part of pecten pubis
 52 Answers & Explanations
17. Ans. (b)  Erb’s palsy
PHOTON 20
[Ref. Anatomy by Kulkarni, 2/e p25]
ERB’S PARALYSIS
•• Injury to the upper trunk (mainly C5 partly C6) of brachial
plexus
•• Policeman’s tip hand/ Porter’s tip hand (Photograph)
•• Deformity: Upper limb is medially rotated and adducted;
Forearm is extended and pronated
18. Ans. (a)  Pronator teres
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol I p92]
CUBITAL FOSSA BOUNDARIES (PHOTOGRAPH)
•• Lateral: Brachioradialis
•• Medial: Pronator teres
•• Base: Imaginary line joining two epicondyles of humerus
•• Apex: Meeting point of lateral and medial boundaries
•• Roof: Skin, Superficial fascia, Deep fascia, Bicipital aponeu-
rosis,
•• Floor: Brachialis, Supinator muscle
19. Ans. (d)  All of the above
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol 1 p117]
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF HAND
•• Three muscles of Thenar eminence: Abduction of thumb,
flexion of MCP joint of thumb & opposition
•• Four Hypothenar muscles: Abducts, flexes little finger &
pulls fifth metacarpal forward
•• Four lumbricals: Flex MCP joints (Photograph) & extend
IP joints of 2-5 digits
•• Four Palmar Interossei: Adduct fingers towards centre of
third digit, Flex MCP joints & extend IP joints
•• Four Dorsal Interossei: Abduct fingers from centre of third
digit, Flex MCP joints & extend IP joints
20. Ans. (d)  Posterior circumflex humeral A
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol 1 p57]
POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL A
•• Arises from third part of axillary artery
•• Accompanies axillary nerve (Encircled in Photograph),
runs backwards end by anastomosing with anterior
circumflex humeral artery around surgical neck of humerus
•• Supplies: Shoulder joint, Deltoid, Muscles bounding the
quadrangular space
21. Ans. (c)  Pectoralis minor
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol 1 p143]
MOVEMENTS AT SHOULDER JOINT (ENCIRCLED IN
PHOTOGRAPH)
•• Flexion: Clavicular head of pectoralis major, Anterior fibres
of deltoid
•• Extension: Posterior fibres of Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi
•• Adduction: Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Short head
of biceps brachii, Long head of triceps
•• Abduction: Supraspinatus, Deltoid, Serratus anterior,
Upper & lower fibres of Trapezius
•• Medial rotation: Pectoralis major, Anterior fibres of deltoid,
Latissimus dorsi, Teres major
•• Lateral rotation: Posterior fibres of deltoid, Infraspinatus,
Teres minor
22. Ans. (c)  Ulnar nerve
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol 1 p134-136]
ULNAR NERVE
•• Also called Musician’s Nerve
•• Controls fine movements of fingers
•• Injury at wrist causes “Ulnar claw hand”
•• Injury at wrist is tested by “Froment’s sign” or Book test
(Photograph)
23. Ans. (a)  Flexor carpi radialis
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol I p104]
MOVEMENTS AT WRIST
•• Flexion and Abduction (Photograph): Flexor carpi radialis
(Median nerve)
•• Flexion: Palmaris longus (Median nerve)
•• Flexion: Flexor digitorum superficialis (Median nerve)
•• Flexion and Adduction: Flexor carpi ulnaris (Ulnar nerve)
24. Ans. (d)  Flexor carpi ulnaris
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol 1 p133]
CONTENTS OF CARPAL CANAL (PHOTOGRAPH)
•• Four tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus
•• Four tendons of Flexor digitorum superficialis
•• Flexor pollicis longus tendon
•• Median nerve
Topper’s edge..................................................
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
•• Median nerve involved
•• Wasting of Thenar eminence/Ape thumb deformity, Loss of
opposition of thumb & partial clawing of thumb, index &
middle fingers
•• Clinical sign: Phalen’s test
25. Ans. (b)  Deep peroneal nerve
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol 2 p105-106]
MUSCLES SUPPLIED BY DEEP PERONEAL NERVE
•• Tibialis anterior
•• Extensor hallucis longus (Arrow in Photograph)
•• Extensor digitorum longus
•• Peroneus tertius
•• Extensor digitorum brevis
26. Ans. (a)  Coraco-clavicular ligament
[Ref. Chaurasia, 5/e Vol I p138]