SURVEY CAMP

TRAVERSE SURVEYING

TRAVERSE SURVEYING

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, most of measurement work for engineering and

construction done by using Total Station. Total station is the one of the
teodolit tools which can measure angle and distance. It is the combination of
electrical teodolit and EDM. Besides, this station also equipped with specific
function and memory card in order to collect and all the data that taken can be
save automatically. After that, the data can be processed by using the
computer and by then the plan can be produced. It is use to safe time and
moreover measurement by using total station also gives the accurate reading
especially when distance was measured. Total station mostly used in work of
producing map, designing construction site, surveying and so on. Compare to
a conventional method that used chains, the efficiency of total station can be
shown by production of 3D plans. The advantages of using this total station
can be concluding as the following:
i. Measurement can be done automatically.
ii. Less manpower.
iii. The error of recording data can be reduced by using electronic
recording.
iv. Measurement can be done under humid weather by using waterproof
total station.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

1) To conduct the measuring of traverse for horizontal control work.

2) To process the field data to justify traverse class; traverse area and transfer
coordinate data for other function.
3) To know, identify the different error mistake and also solve the problem with
discussion, referents and present the work.
4) To produce traverse measure plan.

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3.0 THEORY

Traverse is the combination of the line that connects the traverse station to the
bearing value and distance. This includes the process of horizontal measurement
angle and vertical measurement angle. The 2-dimension coordinate (x,y) can be
produced based on the measurement data. It is widely used to create a control
point. The 3-dimension coordinate can be determined from the height difference.
There are two types of traverse:

i. Closed Traverse
 This traverse is started at the known point and end at the known point
too - it is also known as related traverse as shown in Figure 1.1.
 This traverse also can be started and end at the same point – it is also
known as loop traverse or polygon.
 The purpose of this traverse is to determine the exact of measurement.
ii. Open Traverse
 This type of traverse is different from the closed traverse. It is because,
the starting point is known but the end point is unknown.
 The accuracy of this measurement is difficult to determine.
 The specified procedures are :
o The angle checking must be done for every bearing
measurement.
o Distance measurement need to be done twice for every line.

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6 5

3
4

2
2

1
1

Figure 1.1: Closed Traverse Figure 1.2: Open Traverse

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4.0 EQUIPMENT

1 set of total station and tripod

2 set of prism and tripod

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Picket and nails

 Boundary Site Plan

5.0 PROCEDURES

1) Closed traverse for the site area given was prepared and must follow the
clockwise direction.
2) Investigation and planning process was done before the survey work
begin.
3) The traverse station for our group site area, are 5 stations with the distance
between stations is more than 30m.
4) Picket for control point was planted with stable and under safety place in
order to find it back easily.
5) Datum for traverse line was gaining from boundary site plan.
6) The next procedure after the traverse datum gained.
i. By referring to the figure below, the total station was setup at
station 2 and the prism was setup at station 1 and 21.
ii. In condition, left crossing of bearing value (HR) from 2 to 1 was
set and the distance (HD) was recorded. The total station was
focused to station 21, bearing value (HR) and distance (HD) has
been read and record in the recording form.
iii. The total station was replaced to right crossing condition; bearing
2 to 1 was set and read the bearing 2 to 21 again and also recorded
the data.
iv. The total station was replaced from station 2 to station 21 and the
prism was to station 2 and station 22.

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v. In condition, left crossing of bearing value (HR) from station 21 to

station 2 was set. The bearing value for station 21 to station 2 is the
average bearing value for station 2 to station 21.
vi. The distance from station 21 to station 2 was checked again and the
values recorded.
vii. The total station was focused to station 22, bearing value (HR) and
distance (HD) from station 21 to station 22 has been read and
record in the recording form in condition right crossing.
viii. Procedure 6 was repeated until the total station was placed at
station 1.
ix. The close bearing value from station 2 to station 1was gained.

6.0 DATA PROCESSING

The calculation work can be done by using manual way or software

depending to the lecturer.. The traverse measured plan was done by following
the instructions by the lecturer whether by using the software, manual or using
the AutoCAD. The recorded data and the marked point were then using in the
next lab work, so that all the data should be keeps safely. The following values
should be obtained after each traverse measured data was been checked.

1) Liner disclosure (including latitude and departure calculation)

2) Coordinate for every point
3) Traverse area

A full report was then prepared and was submitted to the due date.

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LOCATION OF PICKET POINT

Subbase Road

Datum 1 Datum 2

Girls Hostel Picket 21

Pavement Road

Picket 23

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Picket 22

N
Enter

UNIVERSITY TUN HUSSEIN ONN TITLE : TRAVERSE LAB No. : 1

MALAYSIA

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Bearing
Vertical Final
Stn Left Right Fr Final Bearing To Distance Tupang Temp
Average Angle Distance
Crossing Crossing
Datum from PC 180000’00” 2 180000’00” 1 34.894 34.894
(34.894)

1 180000’00” 00000’00” 101039’40” 2 101039’10” 21 33.898 33.898

2
C1 -26 (33.898)
21 101039’30” 281039’50”
101039’10”
2 281039’40” 101039’40” 65045’30” 21 65044’40” 22 48.158 101.862
2
1
C2 -52 (48.158)
22 65 45’30” 245 45’30”
0 0

65044’38”
21 245045’30” 65045’30” 218027’15” 22 218026’00” 23 39.795 45.798
2 C3 -78 (39.795)
2
23 218027’15” 38027’15”
218025’57”
22 38027’15” 218027’15” 252022’50” 23 252021’10” 1 54.968 54.968
2 C4 -104 (54.968)
3
1 252022’50” 188049’25”
252021’06”
23 72022’50” 252022’50” 00002’10” 1 00000’00” 2 34.887 34.887
1 -130 34.887
2 00002’20” 180 02’00” 00 00’00”
0 0

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HITUNGAN LATIT DIPAT

2 KALI 2 KALI
STN BEARING JARAK LATIT DIPAT PEMBETULAN 2 KALI 2 KALI LATIT DIPAT
      + - + - LATIT DIPAT LATIT DIPAT X DIPAT X LATIT
 2                      
 21  101 39’40”
0
 33.896  -6.846 33.199  -6.844  33.199  33.203 33.203  2089.346  -227.241 
 22  65 44’40”
0
 48.158  19.784   43.910    19.787  43.910  110.312  110.312  3331.759  2182.744
 -
 23  218026’00”  39.975    -31.173    -24.734  -31.171  -24.734  64.493  129.488  -1595.170 4036.270
 1  252 21’10”
0
 54.968   -16.664    -52.377  -16.661 - 52.377  16.661  52.377  -872.653  -872.653
2 00 00’00”
0
 34.887  34.887 0  0.002    34.889 0.002  34.889  0.002  0.070  0.070
                         
                         
                         

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KOORDINAT
U/S T/B
1000.000 1000.000
993.156 1033.199
1012.943 1077.109
981.772 1052.375
965.111 999.998
1000.000 1000.000

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7.0 DATA ANALYSIS

A) “C” closed correction:

180 00 00 – 180 02 10 = 000 02 10

correction for each station = -26”

B) Correction for latitude / departure:

For example: (station 21 - 22)

Bearing = 65 44 40
Distance between two station = 48.158m
Total distance = 211.704m

Latitude = 48.158m x cos 65 44 40

= 19.784

Departure = 48.158m x sin 65 44 40

= -43.907

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Area:
2A = 2953.351m2
A = 1476.6755 m2

8.0 DISCUSSION

Based on our survey work, we have done the open traverse where the coordinate
of beginning and end of the traverse was obtained from prismatic compass. From this
survey we obtained the value of latitude -.0.012m and the value of departure is -0.014m.
The traverse was combined 5 straight lines which connect the 5 station of the traverse
with difference bearing and distance. The total distance of the traverse is 211.704 m
while the total area that we got is 2953.351 m2.

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There are few obstacles that we have faced during the survey work such as:
 Strong wind which affect the value of reading.
 Sharing boundary point with other group which waste our time to waiting.
 The surface is not flat and also so smooth and we have problem to establish
the equipment.

During the traverse surveying work, most of our group member did not fully
understand the concept of this traverse survey. From our result, the accuracy that we got
is 1’30’’. So we can say that the measurements that we take are not too accurate. But we
still achieve the second class measurement that construction survey use.

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9.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

9.1 CONCLUSION

This traverse survey work was done at the location of around dorm
1 in order to conduct the measuring of traverse for horizontal control
work. From the data analysis, the value of ratio is 1 : 9326 where it is
acceptable and still in the limit that have been state in the second class of
close Traverse with the ratio must be 1 : 4000 and above.

After the measurement work have done, we get the bearing of Face
Right to station 2 -1 ( 00° 00’ 00”) and Face Left to Station 1-2 (00° 02’
10”) from that, we realize that the value of closer error was 2’10” and it
still in the limit that had been allowed for the second class of Close
Traverse(2’ 30”).

Apart from that, through the observation that our group have done
we know that all the value that we take or read will affect our final result.
So this survey must be done with carefully and concentrate in conducted
the equipments.

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9.2 RECOMMENDATION

1. Handle the instrument by the base when not on the tripod. This prevents
deflecting the more delicate parts.
2. Never stand the tripod on a smooth surface. The leg may slip outward.
3. Line of sight must perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
4. Telescope bubble axis not parallel to the line of sight.
5. Plat bubble axis must perpendicular to the vertical axis.
6. Optical plummet must align with vertical axis.
7. Vertical cross hair must perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
8. The vertical axis of the instrument must be centered exactly over the survey
station mark.
9. When turning an angle, the vertical cross hair must be centered exactly over the
survey station mark.
10. The eyepiece and objective lens of the telescope must be properly focused to
eliminate parallax error.

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10.0 REFRERENCE

1. A. Bannister & R. Baker, ‘SOLVING PROBLEM IN : SURVEYING’ (1994),

Prentice Hall.
2. Masiri Kaamin, Abd. Shukor Sarif, ‘KEJURUTERAAN GEOMATIK 1’
(2006), Panel Kejuruteraan Geomatik, Jabatan Kejuruteraan Pengangkutan,
Geoteknik dan Geomatik.
3. Kelana Juwit, ‘UKUR KEJURUTERAAN 1 dan II’, Modul Politeknik
Malaysia.
4. Kertas Arahan Amali, Amalan Kejuruteraan Awam BFC 2111/BFC 3133, Fakulti
Kejuruteraan Awam.

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