The Right to Fair Compensation and

Transparency in Land Acquisition,

Rehabilitation & Resettlement Act 2013

Pralhad Kachare
Dy. Commissioner (Ent. Duty) , Pune

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 Transparent
process
of Land
Acquisitions
Informed
Just & Fair Consultation &
Compensation Participative
approach
Objectives

Least Rehabilitation
Disturbance &
Resettlement
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 Chapter Scheme of New Act
Chapter Contents of Chapter Sections/ Provisions
No.
I Preliminary 1 to 3
II Determination of Social Impact and Public Purpose 4 to 9
III Special Provision to Safeguard Food Security 10
IV Notification and Acquisition 11 to 30
V Rehabilitation and Settlement Award 31 to 42
VI Procedure & Manner of Rehabilitation and 43 to 47
Resettlement
VII National Monitoring Committee for Rehabilitation and 48 to 50
Resettlement
VIII Establishment of Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and 51 to 74
Resettlement
IX Apportionment of Compensation 75 to 76
X Payment 77 to 80
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 Chapter Scheme of New Act
Chapter Contents of Chapter Sections/ Provisions
No.

XI Preliminary 81 to 83

XII Offences and Penalties 84 to 90

XIII Miscellaneous 91 to 114

Schedules
First Compensation for Land Owners As per Sec-30(2)

Second Element of Rehabilitation and Resettlement

Entitlements for all the affected families (Both land As per Section 31(1),
owners and the family whose livelihood is primarily 38(1) & 105(3)
dependent on land acquired) in addition to those
provided in the First Schedule

Third Provision for infrastructure amenities 32, 38(1) & 105(3)

Fourth List of enactments regulating land acquisition and 105

rehabilitation amd resettlement.
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 Eco System
Eco System of of
RTILand
inAcquisition
Maharashtra
E Appropriate Government
X G
P R
Commissioner for
E Rehabilitation & A
R Resettlement M
T
Collector S
G
R
Officer Designated by
Collector Administrator A
O Requiring Authority R & R Committee B
U H
Land Acquisition & Rehabilitation & A
P Resettlement Authority
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 Institutional Structure
Central Govt. Level
National Monitoring Oversight at Central
Committee Level for all projects
State Govt. Level
Dispute Resolution for
State LA & RR Authority State Projects

Committee constituted by Whether projects are

Appropriate Government for public purpose?

Overall Admin for LA

Commissioner, RR & RR In State

6
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 Institutional Structure
Project Level
District Collector Overall coordination and
through officer designated implementation

Administrator, RR Admin Project-level RR

Oversight (Elected Reps,

Commissioner , RR civil society, Line agencies)

7
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 Important Concepts
JUST
& C
FAIR
C O
O N
M S
P
E U
N L
S T
A A
T T
I I
O O
N N
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 Public Purpose
JUST
& C
FAIR
C O
O N
M S
P
E U
N L
S T
A A
T T
I I
O O
N N
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 Comparative Provisions of old Act and new Act.
Sr. Process Old Act New Act
No. Section Section
1 Preliminary notification 4 11
2 5 A Hearing 5A 15
3 Declaration of Resettlement Area & 6 19
Public Purpose ( by Secretary or Officer
Authorized)
4 Award 11 23/30/31
5 Correction of clerical errors. etc. 13A 33
6 Possession 16 38
7 Urgency Clause 17 40
8 Ref. to Court /Authority 18 64
9 Matters to be considered 23 27

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 Comparative Provisions of old Act and new Act.
Sr. Process Old Act New Act
No. Section Section
10 Matters to be ignored 24 28
11 Interest on excess compensation 28 72
12 Re-determination of compensation 28A 73
13 Apportionment of compensation 29 75
14 Payment of deposit in court/Authority 31 77
15 Interest 34 80
16 Temporary Occupation 35 81
17 Enforcing possession when opposed 47 91
18 Withdrawal from acquisition 48 93
19 Exemption from stamp-duty and fees 51 96

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 Paradigm shifts from the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to the
LARR Act, 2013
Shift 1894 Act 2013 LARR Act

Public Includes several uses

Purpose such as infrastructure, No significant change
development and except private
housing projects. Also companies for PPP.
includes use by
companies under
certain conditions.
Social SIA has to be
Impact No provision
undertaken in case of
Assessment
(SIA) every acquisition
(Subject to pending
Amendment Bill 2015)
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 Paradigm shifts from the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to the
LARR Act, 2013
Shift 1894 Act 2013 LARR Act

Consent No generic • Consent of 80 per cent of land

from mandatory owners is obtained when

provision. land is acquired for private
affected Consented projects
people Awards provided • Consent of 70 per cent of
land owners is obtained
when land is
acquired for public-private
partnership projects.
• No consent required for
infrastructure work of Govt .
• Consent from affected
persons in addition to land
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owners.
 Paradigm shifts from the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to the
LARR Act, 2013
Shift 1894 Act 2013 LARR Act
Compensation Based on the market Market value doubled in
value. rural areas and not in
urban area

Market Value Based on the current use Whichever is higher of:

of land. Explicitly (a) value specified for stamp duty,
prohibits using the and - Ready Reckoner
(b) average of the top 50% by
intended use of land while
recorded price of sale of land
computing market value in the vicinity
(c) Consented amount u/s 2(2)
Solatium 30 % 100 %

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 Paradigm shifts from the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to the
LARR Act, 2013

Shift 1894 Act 2013 LARR Act

Return of No provision Acquired land if not used
land to land within 5 years, it will be
owner returned to Land Bank
or land owners.
Sharing of No provision. If the acquired land is unused
profit and is transferred, 20% of the
profits shall be shared with the
/appreciation
original land owners.

No provision for R&R necessary for all affected

R&R families. Minimum R&R
R&R. entitlements to be provided to
each affected family specified.

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 Maharashtra Policy on Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to the
LARR Act, 2013
Sr. Prticulars
No
1 Market Value of Land
2 Multiplication Factor
1. Metropolitan Areas, A, B,
C, Class Municipal Areas,
Special Planning Authorities,
Area Dev. Authorities, & New
Townships
2. Areas covered by Regional
Plans & Development Plans
(excluding above areas)
3. Urban Areas
2013 LARR Act
To be determined by ready reckoner value fixed
under the Maharashtra Stamp Act (59 of 1958)
and the Maharashtra Stamp (Determination of
True Market Value of Property) Rules, 199
Land Compensation
(market value x 1 ) plus value of assets
attached to land or building)plus( 100%
solatium)
(market value x 1.5 ) plus value of assets
attached to land or building)plus( 100%
solatium)
(market value x 2) plus value of assets
attached to land or building) plus( 100%
solatium)
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 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Components
Sr. Prticulars 2013 LARR Act
No
1 House is lost in A constructed house shall be provided as per
the specifications of Indira Aawas Yojana
rural area (a house of 25 sq.mtrs.) or Rs. 1.65 lacs in lieu of
house. The construction cost will be minimum Rs.
600 per sq.ft.which gives Rs. 1,61,400 excluding the
cost of the developed land.

2 House is lost in A constructed house shall be provided of 50

sq. mtrs. plinth area as per Public Works
rural area Department norms or Rs. 5.5 lacs in lieu of
house.

Explanation.—Considering the construction cost of

Rs. 1000 per sq.ft., the cost of house will be Rs.
5,38,000 excluding the cost of the developed land.
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 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Components
Sr. Prticulars 2013 LARR Act
No
3 One time One time payment of Rs. 5 lacs
payment to each affected family to those
who have eligible candidate for
employment.
4 Subsistence Rs. 3000 per month for a year
allowance to the after displacement date. For the
affected families belonging to Scheduled
displaced Castes or Scheduled Tribes such
families families will get additional Rs.
50,000..
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 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Components
Sr. Prticulars 2013 LARR Act
No
5 Transportation cost Rs. 50,000 per affected displaced
families..
6 One time financial Those families having cattle shed or
assistance. petty shops will get Rs. 25,000 one
time financial assistance.
7 One time grant One time grant for artisans, small
traders of Rs. 50,000.

8 One time One time resettlement allowance of

resettlement Rs. 50,000 after shifting of house.
allowance pkachare@gmail.com
 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Components
Sr. Prticulars 2013 LARR Act
No
9 Stamp duty and Stamp duty and registration
registration charges charges will be borne by Requiring
Body for the first transaction of the
rehabilitated person only.
10 Requiring Body to which includes the roads, drainage,
provide infrastructure Panchayatghar, post office,
Samaj Mandir and other facilities as
in Rehabilitation and mentioned in the THIRD SCHEDULE
Resettlement area.
11 Provision of 10% plus the total per family cost of all the
monetization ( on amenities to be provided under the THIRD
SCHEDULE of the said Act—5% increase
written consent) in inflation index increases on 1st Jan
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 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Components
Sr. Prticulars 2013 LARR Act
No
5 Transportation cost Rs. 50,000 per affected displaced
families..
6 One time financial Those families having cattle shed or
assistance. petty shops will get Rs. 25,000 one
time financial assistance.
7 One time grant One time grant for artisans, small
traders of Rs. 50,000.

8 One time One time resettlement allowance of

resettlement Rs. 50,000 after shifting of house.
allowance
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 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Components
Sr. Prticulars 2013 LARR Act
No
9 Stamp duty and Stamp duty and registration
registration charges charges will be borne by Requiring
Body for the first transaction of the
rehabilitated person only.
10 Requiring Body to which includes the roads, drainage,
provide infrastructure Panchayatghar, post office,
Samaj Mandir and other facilities as
in Rehabilitation and mentioned in the THIRD SCHEDULE
Resettlement area.
11 Provision of 10% plus the total per family cost of all the
monetization ( on amenities to be provided under the THIRD
SCHEDULE of the said Act—5% increase
written consent) in inflation index increases on 1st Jan
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 The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in
Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement Act 2013

Process Flow

pkachare@gmail.com 23
 Proposal is Received by the
Appropriate Government

1. Pre Notification

Social Impact Assessment

SIA report examined by
(SIA) Conducted by
Independent Expert
Appropriate Government
Group ( Sec 7)
( Sec 4-6)

Legitimacy of ‘Public 1. Collector submits report on

Purpose’ and SIA to be status of alternative sites
2. Consent of affected sought
examined and approved by in projects falling under Sec
Appropirate Govt ( Sec 8) 2(b)
24
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 Origin and emergence of SIA
• SIA concept can be traced to the 17th century in
western societies…….
• United States National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) in 1969 considered landmark legislation.
• Developed countries have integrated SIA in their
planning process----making planning a
participatory process…..
• International learning is ……..
• Failure to integrate SIA into the planning
process diminishes the significance of rational
planning and weakens the quality of its ultimate
decisions.
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 Whether
acquisition
Cost benefit serves public
Purpose… Ensuring
Analysis &
social equity by
verifying no identifying
alternate location potential
feasible. affected &
Objectives displaced families
of SIA
Mitigating Enhancing
negative social SIA Plan Social inclusion in
effect..whether after public deciding
land requirement hearings actual extent of
absolutely impact/effect.
bare minimum pkachare@gmail.com
 Social Impact Assessment Cycle
Ensure monitoring Analyze Project
with active
stakeholder 1 Context
involvement &
modify it. Identify & analyze
6
Stakeholder
2

Implement
mitigation Social Impact Identify social
plan & public factors/
participation
Assessment 3
variables
6

4
5
Analyze data and
Consult stakeholders &
develop mitigative plans
assess priorities

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 Notification
Public Hearing; disposal of
Publication of Objections( Sec 15) by
Preliminary Collector & report to
Appropriate Govt.
Notification to
acquire ( Sec 11 ) Right to enter lands, carry
our survey & markings S-12

Finalization of R&R Scheme, Any damage caused during survey

Prepare & Review ( within to be paid for S.13
6 months of PN)
( Sec 16-17) Draft declaration & R & R Scheme
published ( Sec 19)
Award for
Compensation Sec-23
Solatiutm Sec- 30
28
& for R&R (Sec 31) pkachare@gmail.com
 Every notification & Declaration
shall be mandatorily published in
• The Official Gazette
• Two widely cirulated daily news papers ( one
in local language)
• Office of Panchayat, local bodies, collector, Sub
divisional Officer & tahsil
• Uploaded on the website of the Appropriate
government
• In the affected areas.

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 continued
• Publication of Preliminary notification. Sec.11
• Preliminary survey of land .
• Draft RR scheme to be prepared by
Administrator.(DRO ,SLAO)
• Publish draft scheme as per sec 16.
• Public Hearing by Administrator in Gram P.
• Commissioner –Approve the draft scheme.
• Declaration of final RR scheme by the
Commissioner.------sec.19 = sec 6.
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 Pre Notification Stage
Sr. Process Time Frame
No.
1 SIA Study (Sec-4(2) 2nd proviso) 6 Months

2 Appraisal by expert group –for 2 Months

reasoned recommendation
(Sec-7(4) (b) )
Examination by appropriate
3 Govt & issuance of Pre
12 months from
Notification (Sec-14)
SAI Report
(From The date of appraisal by
Expert Group)
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 Notification Stage
Sr. Process Time Frame
No.

1 Record updation &

corrections (Section 11(5)) 2 Months

2 Public hearing / Preparation

of R&R schemes / 2 Months
declaration of R&R

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 Post Notification Stage
Sr.No. Process Time Frame

1 Declaration of “Resettlement Area” 12 Months from

(Sec 19(2) -3rd proviso & 19(7)) by Sec-11 notification
Secretary or officer authorized.
2 Land Acquisition Award u/s 23, 12 Months from
Sec-19 declaration
25 & 30
2 Payment of compensation 3 Months

3 R & R award u/s 31 6 Months

Note: 1. Only after that we can get Possession

of land.
2. Infrastructural facilities under R&R-
18months pkachare@gmail.com 33
 Post Award Stage
Sr. Process Time Frame
No.
1 Reference to be made by aggrieved Within 6 weeks of
being a person who represented Award
before Collector.
In other cases Reference to be made Within 6 weeks of receipt
2 of notice u/s 21 or within
by aggrieved being a person. 6 months of Award

3 Sending Reference to Authority 30 days of receipt

4 If not sent….Applicant to Within 30 days

approach Authority

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 Compensation for Land
• Market Value of Land [ MV] as determined
under Sec 26-28
• Value of Assets [VA] attached to the property
being acquired such as trees, plants, wells and
the like (Sec 29)
• Final Award= MV * Factor + VA + Solatium
• where, Solatium = MV* Factor + VA [ Sec 30]
• & Factor could range from 1 for Urban areas
up to a max of 2 for Rural areas {see Schedule
I} (To be decided by Appropriate Government)
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 Awards
Award for Land Acquisition
Award made in respect of every affected family
whose land is being acquired (this will include
landless tenants as well) and containing details
of LA compensation as listed in the First
Schedule; ( Sec-23 r/w 30(2)
Award for R&R
Award made in respect of every affected family,
regardless of whether they may be losing land
or not, containing details of R&R entitlements
as listed in the Second Schedule. ( Sec-31 )
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 Urgency Clause (SEC-40)
• The Urgency Clause can only be invoked in
the following cases:
• National defence and security purposes
• Resettlement & Rehabilitation needs in the
event of natural calamities such as floods or
earthquakes or any other emergency with the
approval of the Parliament.

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 R&R Applicability in certain persons
other than specified persons- (sec 46)
• Any person other than specified person is
purchasing land through private negotiation
has to file an application before the Collector,
notifying him of intent to purchase, purpose
and particulars of land; (limit notified by AG)
• “Specified persons” includes any person other
than- -
– Appropriate Government; -
– Government company;
– -Association of persons or trust or registered
society.

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pkachare@gmail.com
S.I.A.(mandatory in all cases except acq. by
urgency clause.) (u/sec.4)
• AGENCY----- State SIA unit.
• SIA Notification within 30 days after depositing processing
fee.
• SIA shall be conducted in consultation with Panchayat,
M.C. ,or Mun. Corp. followed by Public Hearing.
• SIA Report in Form 1 to state Govt. in 6 months
• SIA REPORT---Project Feasibility Report.
• Project Impact Report.
• Social Impact Management Plan.(Form 2)
• Publication of SIA study Report.
• Public hearing by appropriate govt.
• Expert group for evaluation of SIA report.

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 R&R Applicability in certain persons
other than specified persons- (sec 46)
• Any purchase of land by a person other than specified
person without complying with the provision of R&R
Scheme shall be void ab initio.
• Collector shall pass individual award covering R&R
provision based upon the R&R scheme approved by
Commissioner.
• Appropriate Government may notify area for such
limits on sale and purchase.
• Any land purchased through negotiations on or after
5th Sept. 2011 and acquired within three years from
the date of commencement of this Act,then,40%
compensation shall be shared with original land
owners.

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Infrastructural Amenities under R&R
(3 rd Schedule)
• 25 infrastructural amenities to be provided in the Resettlement area,
including:
• Schools and playgrounds;
• Health Centres;
• Roads and electric connections;
• Assured sources of safe drinking water for each family as per Govt.
norms;
• Panchayat Ghars as appropriate;
• Anganwadi’s providing child and mother supplemental nutritional
services as per Govt norms;
• Places of worship and burial and/or cremation ground depending on the
caste-communities at the site and their practices;
• Village level Post Offices, as appropriate, with facilities for opening
saving accounts;
• Fair price shops and seed-cum-fertilizer storage facilities if needed
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 Sec-24 -Retrospective Effect Clause
• Clarification issued in respect of
retrospective operation of the Act as
prescribed u/s 24 of the New LA Act 2013-
• Where the notification of Sec-4 [under the
Old LA Act 1894] has been issued prior to
31.12.2013 and award (u/s 11 of the said Act)
has not been made, the procedure will
continue as per the old Act subject to the
condition that the new act will apply for
determination of compensation
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 Sec-24 -Retrospective Effect Clause
• Where notification u/s 4 of the Old LA Act
has not been published by the said date, all
the earlier proceedings will lapse and the
acquisition can proceed under the
provisions of the New Act 2013.
• Where an award has been made before
1.1.2009, but the possession of land has not
been taken OR compensation has not been
paid, the acquisition proceedings would be
deemed to have lapsed.
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 Reference provisions
(sec- 64,65,72, 73 & 76)
• Any person interested who has not accepted
the award may, by written application to the
Collector requires that the matter be
referred to the Appropriate Authority.
• The “Appropriate Authority ”means the
Land Acquisition and Resettlement
Authority established under section 51 of
the Act.

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Reference provisions (sec- 64,65,72, 73 & 76
• Reference shall be made within a period of
thirty days of receipt of application.
• In making the reference, Collector’s statement
shall be forward in writing.
• Collector may be directed to pay interest on
excess compensation or re-determination of
amount of compensation by the Authority.
• Disputes as the apportionment of the
compensation may be referred by the
Collector to the Authority.

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 Transparency Provisions
• Social Impact Assessment
– Gram Sabha to be consulted (Sec-4)
– Summary of SIA notified along with Draft Notification
(Sec-6)
– SIA document made available for public scrutiny
• R&R Scheme (Sec-16)
– Summary notified along with Draft declaration
Made available for public scrutiny.
• Individual Awards declaration (Sec-30(2))
• Public Disclosure
– All documents mandatorily to be made available in
the public domain and on the website
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 Important Changes
Section-101
Section-99 Land not Used within
No Change of 5 years to be returned
Purpose to Land Bank/ Land
Owner

Section 100 Section 46(6)

No Change of Sharing
Ownership appreciated value

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 Important Features
1 Safeguardi • Multi crop area to be avoided
ng Food • As last demonstrable resort, if needed
as per limit fixed for all projects in a
Security
district by AG except Road, Railway etc.
• equivalent area of cultural
wasteland shall be developed
• or an amount equivalent to value of
land acquired to be deposited with
AG for food security
2 Special SC/ST PAP in addition to R&R package
Provisions • Land to each family in irrigation project
• One time financial assistance of
for SC/ST Rs.50,000
• Families settled out of district to get
25% of RR package extra
• 1/3 rd comp advance, DP to be prepared
• Reservation to be continued….
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 Important Features
3 Special • Acquisition only if necessary.
• Enhanced compensation (as per schedule 1)
provision • Strict restrictions on multi crop acquisition.
for Consent …
Farmers a) 70 % consent for acquisition of public private
partnership projects .
b) 80 % consent for acquisition of private
companies.

c) Return of unutilized land (Sec. 101)

d) Share in sale of acquired land increased value
if sold to another without development. (Sec-
102)
e) Income Tax Exemption / Stamp Duty
Exemption (Sec-96)

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 Benefits for agricultural laborers,
Tenants & Share-croppers
4 • Tenants who may not own any land but are
engaged in any form of tenancy or holding a
&
usufruct right are covered under this Act.
Share-croppers
• Share-croppers, Artisans who have been working in
the affected area for 3 years prior to the
acquisition and whose primary source of livelihood
stands affected by the acquisition of land.
• They will receive not just the R & R benefits but
also a share in the compensation to be provided.

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 Definition of “Affected families”
Land Owners
1. Family or Company whose land /other
immovable properties has been acquired.
2. Those who are assigned land by the Govt.
under various schemes
3. Right holders under the Forest Rights Act.2006
Livelihood Losers
1. Over the last three years , a family whose
livelihood is primarily dependent on the land
being acquired, including agriculture laborers,
tenants or sharecroppers.
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 Retrospective operation: (section 24)
• Where no award under section 11 of the 1894 Act has been
made, the new law will apply with regard to
compensation.(sec.24/a )
• Where award has been made then proceedings shall
continue under L A Act as if Act not been repealed.
(sec.24/b)
• When an award has been made but the affected individuals
have not accepted compensation or have not yet given up
possession, and the proceedings have been pending for 5
years or more, provisions of the new law will apply. (sec 24/2
Provided when a majority of individuals in an affected area
have not received compensation then the new law will
apply.

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 Transparency Provisions
• S.I.A.
- Gram Sabah to be consulted.
- Summary of SIA notified along with draft notification.
- SIA document made available for public scrutiny.
• R & R Scheme
- Summary notified along with draft declaration made
available for public scrutiny.
• Individual Awards passed
• Public Disclosure
- All documents mandatorily to be made available in
the public domain and on the website.

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 Timelines
1. Compensation will be given within a period of 3
months from the date of the award.
2. Monitory R & R entitlements will be provided within
a period of 6 months from the date of the award.
3. Infrastructure R & R entitlements will be provide
within a period of 18 months from the date of the
award.
4. No involuntary displacement will take place without
completion of R & R
5. In irrigation or hydel projects, R & R shall be
completed 6 months prior to submergence.
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 Safeguards against indiscriminate acquisition
• SIA made mandatory except for irrigation projects, where
EIA has obtained. (section 6/2 )To be concluded in 6
months
• Draft notification to include :
- Summary of SIA
- Particulars of Administrator for R & R who prepares R &
R Scheme.
• Draft Declaration to include :
- Summary of R & R package
• No Change of Purpose:
- No Change from the purposes specified in the land use
plan submitted at the time of land acquisition will be
allowed .
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Safeguards against indiscriminate acquisition
• Change of ownership :
- No change of ownership without specific permission of
Appropriate Govt. is allowed.
• Land not Used :
- Land that is not used within 5 years in accordance with
the purposes for which it was acquired at the time of
acquisition, shall be transferred to the State Governments
Land Bank or to the original land owner.
• Sharing Appreciated Value :
- Upon every transfer of land without development, 40% of
the appreciated land value shall be mandatorily shared
with the original owner whose land has been acquired .

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 Important Provisions
• For urgency clause – Gove . sanction is
necessary
• Powers of Declaration / Previous approval of
Award
Compensation amount
Up to 4 cr. -- S.L.A.O/ S.D.O
4 cr. to 10 cr. -- Collector
Above 10 cr. -- Divisional Commissioner
• If Land is to be acquired for urbanization
20 % of develop land to be kept reserve and
allot to affected persons with the cost of land
+ development pkachare@gmail.com
 Important Provisions
• If land is acquired /purchase by private
company from private land owner
admeasuring more than 1000 ha then
provisions of R &R will be applicable.
(section 46 )
• R& R authority shall dispose of
reference u/s 64 within 6 months

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If land is acquired /purchase by private company from
private land owner admeasuring more than 1000 ha then
provisions of R &R will be applicable. (section 46 )

R& R authority shall dispose of reference u/s 64 within 6

months.

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 Amendment Bill 2015

Land Retrospective
LA Prior
application of
provisions Return sanction new LA Act
to 13 Acts provision for ..calculation of
relaxed prosecution period

Not Private Companies but AG may specify limit for

acquiring Multicrop irrigated
‘Private Entities ’
lands
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pkachare@gmail.com