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An overview
protons
neutrons
2. Orbiting electrons.
Discovering the Nucleus
• In I9II Ernest Rutherford
proposed that the positive
charge of the atom is
densely concentrated at
the center of the atom,
forming its nucleus
• Experiment involves
counting the number of
alpha particles that are
deflected through various
scattering angles φ. Experimental arrangement
proposed by Rutherford.
Explaining the Deflections
Z
X
A = number of protons + number of neutrons
Z = number of protons
A – Z = number of neutrons
Energy (MeV)
Beta Decay
b is an electron
β+ is an anti-electron or positron
EC: electron capture, change a proton to a neutron
A
Z XN e Y A
Z 1 N 1
Beta Decay Spectrum