Components of Docker:

Docker Hub: Docker Hub is a cloud-based repository in which Docker users

and partners create, test, store and distribute container images. Docker Hub is a
cloud-hosted version of Docker Registry
Docker container: A Docker container is a virtualized run-time environment
where users can isolate applications from the underlying system.
Docker image: A Docker image is an immutable (unchangeable) file that
contains the source code, libraries, dependencies, tools, and other files needed
for an application to run
Docker engine:
Docker:
Docker is open source  tool designed to make it easier to create, deploy,
and run applications by using containers. Containers allow a developer to
package up an application with all of the parts it needs, such as libraries
and other dependencies, and deploy it as one package.
Diff btw virtual machine and docker:
rather than creating a whole virtual operating system, Docker allows
applications to use the same Linux kernel
Docker Engine
Docker Engine is the core of the Docker system; it is the application
installed on the host machine. This Engine is a Client-server application
with below components.

 A server, which is a type of long-running program, called a

daemon process (the dockerd command).
 A REST API, which specifies interfaces that programs can use to
talk to the daemon and instruct it what to do.
 A command line interface (CLI) client (the docker command).

Docker architecture
 Docker uses a client-server architecture. The Docker client talks to
the Docker daemon, which does the heavy lifting of building,
running, and distributing your Docker containers. The Docker client
and daemon communicate using a REST API, over UNIX sockets
or a network interface.
 Docker Registry
 Docker registry is the place where Docker images are stored it can be a
Public registry or Local registry.

Dockerfile:

 A Dockerfile is a simple text file that contains a list of commands that the
Docker client calls while creating an image.

Kubernetes

Kubernetes is a system for managing containerized applications across a cluster

of nodes