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Technological Institute of the Philippines

Manila
CIVIL ENGINEERING
____________________________________________________
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH in CE 503 WATER AND WASTE
WATER ENGINEERING
PROGRAM ___CIVIL ENGINEERING_______________________ ___

SOURCE OF ASSESSMENT
COURSE CODE CE 503 WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING____

SECTION CE52FA2___________________________________

ASSESSED DOCUMENT MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF WASTEWATER__

TIME OF DATA COLLECTION _11:00 AM, JANUARY 24,2019_____________ _______
ND
_2 SEMESTER S.Y 2018-2019 _____________________

PREPARED BY:

MARCH 2019
 Water and Waste Water Engineering 2019
EXPERIMENT
MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF WASTEWATER
Objective(s):

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

At the end of this study, the students shall be able to:
 Determine the function and the importance of examining the parameters of
wastewater.
 Learn to evaluate the data generated by these tests and thereby interpret and draw
conclusions about water quality from the results of these tests.
 Compare the result of wastewater examination samples and DENR approved
methods of analysis.

Discussion:
The quality of water in different Esteros, particularly in Manila, is deteriorating. The influx of
pollution from different sources negatively affects the class of water in the Metro. As a
concerned citizen and a student, the researcher has observed the various government
projects that aimed at rehabilitating the Manila waters, and yet there are still implications of
rapid increase in water pollution, resulting to the scarcity of water sources in the country.
This has significant effects in the ecology, health, and economy of our nation. These
conditions led the researcher to undergo this study. An attempt of using different
parameters such as water transparency, pH, BOD, COD, TSS, and Total Coliform as
practical method for evaluation of water quality in Estero de San Miguel and Quiapo,
Manila, was hence made. It measured the following variables of the study; the relative
abundance, and physicochemical parameters of Estero de San Miguel and Quiapo.

The standard bacterial water analysis performed in the laboratory using aseptic technique
determined the coliform count in samples expressed in most probable number per 100 mL
(MPN/100 mL). Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present in the environment and in
the feces of all warm-blooded animals and humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause
illness. However, their presence in waste water indicates that disease-causing organisms
(pathogens) could be in the water system. Most pathogens that can contaminate water
supplies come from the feces of humans or animals.

The massive pollution in esteros can be related to the frequent occurrence of flood-related
disasters in highly urbanized areas in the Philippines as wastes impede water flow during
flooding making the country one of the flood prone countries in the world. With the impact
of climate change at present time, water pollution is reaching a critical state in developing
countries as human health is also at great risk. Increased human settlements along esteros

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 Water and Waste Water Engineering 2019
are exacerbating water pollution by exposing the streams to contamination from untreated
sewage going directly into the water.
Abstract:

A Waste Water Testing was conducted to determine the content or

parameter results (pH, TSS, BOD, COD, and Turbidity) and the microbiological
examination of waste water samples from the Estero De San Miguel and
differentiate their result from each other. A three sterilized waste water samples
from three different points or location was gathered to differentiate and determine
their content. The testing procedure was concluded in Aeronics Incorporated
(Environmental Laboratory Division) and the result were checked and analyzed
by registered microbial Examiner.

Chapter 1:
The Problem and its Background

Introduction:

The most important factor to consider is that, in most communities, their

environment was polluted especially in Estero De San Miguel Creek. The
garbage and other waste was thrown in the water that is why it is dirtier and
polluted. We usually think of two forms of pollution: toxic chemicals or
pathogenic microorganisms. Probably the largest single source of potentially
pathogenic microbes is animal feces (including human), which contains
billions of bacteria per gram. Although most intestinal microbes are non-
pathogenic, some cause enteric disease. The organisms which cause
typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi), cholera (Vibrio cholera), and bacterial
dysentery (Shigella flexneri) are examples of enteric diseases caused by
bacteria

Water testing for microbiological safety rests on the ability of

microbiologists to detect coliform bacteria. The word “coliform” refers to any
bacterium that is like Escherichia coli in the following characteristics: The
bacterial examination of water has been standardized into three tests. The
first, or presumptive test, is a screening test to sample water for the
presence of coliform organisms. A series of lactose fermentation tubes are
inoculated with the water sample. If the presumptive test is negative, no
further testing is performed, and the water source is considered
microbiologically safe. If, however, any tube in the series shows acid and
gas, the water is considered unsafe and the confirmed test is performed on
the tube displaying a positive reaction. The presumptive test is also
designed to estimate the concentration of coliform organisms, called the
most probably number (MPN) in the water sample.

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Statement of the Problem:

In this study, we used three sterilized waste water samples from three
different points or location in Estero De San Miguel. The following questions
would be answered according from the data and results of the tests:

 What are the results of the microbial examination done in the waste water
samples?
 What are the results of the parameter (pH, TSS, BOD, COD, and
Turbidity) of waste water?
 What are the differences of the result of the three samples of waste
water?

Significance of the Study:

 Profession – This paper will ensure to give knowledge or records that can
be useful in the development and innovation of methods in Civil
Engineering profession especially in Water and Waste Water
Engineering.
 Research – this study will help as future reference and will serve as basis of
studies to determine and analyze the microbiological examination of waste water
samples.
 Society – This study will serve as an informative study by providing new
information that can contribute to the field of Civil Engineering.

Resources/Instruments Required:
 Waste Water sample (Estero de San Miguel and Quiapo)
 Sterilized Bottles
 Waste Water Testing Laboratory

Procedure:
1. Accommodate with waste water testing institutions that are accredited and
recognized by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
2. Students will provide sterilized bottles.
3. Choose your sample sources.
4. Acquire waste water samples from the chosen sample sources.
5. Avoid transfer the sample in a warm temperature.
6. Deliver the water samples to the waste water testing institutions.

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Data Results:

SAMPLE 1
MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION FOR WASTE WATER RESULT

PARAMETERS METHOD RESULT

Total Coliform, Multiple Tube Fermentation 920,000

MPN/100ml Technique

PARAMETERS UNIT SITE SAMPLE LABORATORY RESULT

pH 6.31
TSS mg/L 24
BOD mg/L 69
COD mgO2/L 75
Turbidity NTU 11

SAMPLE 2
MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION FOR WASTE WATER RESULT

PARAMETERS METHOD RESULT

Total Coliform, Multiple Tube Fermentation 1,600,000

MPN/100ml Technique

SAMPLE 3
MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION FOR WASTE WATER RESULT

PARAMETERS METHOD RESULT

PARAMETERS Total UNIT

Coliform, Multiple
SITE SAMPLE Tube
LABORATORY RESULT 920,000
pH MPN/100ml Fermentation
6.40 Technique
TSS mg/L 22
BOD mg/L 46
COD mgO2/L DENR LIMIT
55CLASS D SITE SAMPLE LABORATORY
PARAMETERS UNIT
Turbidity NTU WATERS
6 RESULT
pH 6.0 – 9.5 6.60

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 Water and Waste Water Engineering 2019
TSS mg/L 80 51
BOD mg/L 50 40
COD mgO2/L 100 88

WATER QUALITY FOR PRIMARY PARAMETERS

PARAMETERS UNIT SITE SAMPLE LABORATORY RESULT
pH 6.36
TSS mg/L 28
BOD mg/L 28
COD mgO2/L 35
Turbidity NTU 5

WATER QUALITY FOR PRIMARY PARAMETERS

FOR SAMPLE 1:
DENR LIMIT SITE SAMPLE
PARAMETERS UNIT CLASS D LABORATORY REMARKS
WATERS RESULT
Total Coliform MPN/100ml 10,000 920, 000 FAILED
pH 6.0 – 9.5 6.31 PASSED
TSS mg/L 80 24 PASSED
BOD mg/L 50 69 FAILED
COD mgO2/L 100 75 PASSED

FOR SAMPPLE 2:
DENR LIMIT SITE SAMPLE
PARAMETERS UNIT CLASS D LABORATORY REMARKS
WATERS RESULT
Total Coliform MPN/100ml 10,000 1,600,000 FAILED
pH 6.0 – 9.5 6.40 PASSED
TSS mg/L 80 22 PASSED
BOD mg/L 50 46 PASSED
COD mgO2/L 100 55 PASSED

FOR SAMPLE 3:
DENR LIMIT SITE SAMPLE
PARAMETERS UNIT CLASS D LABORATORY REMARKS
WATERS RESULT
Total Coliform MPN/100ml 10,000 920, 000 FAILED
pH 6.0 – 9.5 6.36 PASSED
TSS mg/L 80 28 PASSED
BOD mg/L 50 28 PASSED
COD mgO2/L 100 35 PASSED

SUMMARY:

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 The mean pH values ranged from acidic to neutral (6.60 to 6.51). Water pH in point
1, 2 and 3 fall within the range of 6.0 to 9.5 for Class C waters. The pH value
determines the solubility and biological availability of chemicals in water. The acidic
condition is indicative of stressful conditions to fishes which are used as indicators
of stream pollution.

 The BOD in point 2 and 3 decreased. The result indicates a huge quantity of
aerobic bacteria that use oxygen to degrade the organic wastes. Organic wastes
increase BOD loading in Metro Manila, Philippines which does not conform to the
DENR standard.

 In this study, COD in point 1, 2 and 3 are below the DENR minimum standard for
class C waters. Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste such as sanitary napkins,
diapers, woods and bodies of dogs, pigs, rats and chicken aggravates organic
pollution.

 Point 1 and 3 have the lowest fecal coliform but the count still exceeded the DENR
limit of 10,000 MPN/100mL. In this less-inhabited area, there were no houses along
the water that drained directly human waste but occasional human feces were
found along the stream banks and a pig was also tethered along the creek. There
were more households that drained human and animal excreta in point 2 than in
point 1 and 3. This could be due to the rapid stream velocity in point 2 which carry
and accumulate the organic waste than in point 1 and 3.

Observations:

Conclusion:

Recommendations:

Documentation:
While gathering waste water samples from Estero De San Miguel

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