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PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION New
PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION New
PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION New
INTRODUCTION
Attempts were made since Socretes period; there were attempts towards a
systematic involvement of activity on the part of learner in the learning process.
But today the teaching machine focusing so much attention clearly and specifically
on the value of students self activity and on the importance of reinforcement in the
learning process
I. MEANING
Programmed instruction is self sufficient, it is very planned and
organized that when once it is programmed, it takes care of itself and
leads the learner to successful learning without the intervention of the
teacher. Programmed instruction is an instructional technique
designed to suit the changing learning situation
II. DEFINITION
Programmed instruction is a method of designing a reproducible
sequence of instructional events to produce a measurable and
consistant effect on behavior of each and every acceptable student.
( Susan Markle )
Programmed instruction is a planned sequence of experience leading
to proficiency in terms of stimulus response relationship.
( James E Espich and Bill Williams )
It is a kind of learning in which programme takes the place of a tutor
for the student, and leads him through a set of frames of specified
behaviours designed and sequenced to make it more probable that he
will behave in a given desired way.
( Kochhar S.K 1992 )
FRAME 1
QUESTIONS
FRAME II
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF EEG
each other, and when many ions are pushed out of many neurons at the same time,
they can push their neighbours, who push their neighbours, and so on, in a wave.
This process is known as volume conduction. When the wave of ions reaches the
electrodes on the scalp, they can push or pull electrons on the metal in the
electrodes. Since metal conducts the push and pull of electrons easily, the
difference in push or pull voltages between any two electrodes can be measured by
a voltmeter. Recording these voltages over time gives us the EEG
QUESTION
conduction
FRAME III
Indications of EEG
An EEG is used to detect problems in the electrical activity of the brain that
may be associated with certain brain disorders. The measurements given by an
EEG are used to confirm or rule out various conditions, including: seizure
disorders (such as epilepsy), head injury, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain),
brain tumor, encephalopathy, memory problems, sleep disorders, stroke, dementia
QUESTION
Encephalitis,coma
FRAME IV
The EEG has been used for many years and is considered a safe procedure. The
test causes no discomfort. The electrodes record activity. They do not produce any
sensation. In addition, there is no risk of getting an electric shock. In rare instances,
an EEG can cause seizures in a person with a seizure disorder. This is due to the
flashing lights or the deep breathing that may be involved during the test. Other
risks may be present, depending on your specific medical condition.
Certain factors or conditions may interfere with the reading of an EEG test
includes:
QUESTION
FRAME V
TYPES OF EEG
Routine EEG
A routine EEG recording lasts for about 20 to 40 minutes. During the test, patient
will be asked to rest quietly and open or close the eyes from time to time. In most
cases, patient have to breathe in and out deeply (called hyperventilation) for a few
minutes.
At the end of the procedure, a flashing light may be placed nearby to see if this
affects your brain activity.
QUESTIONS
2.The brain activity is recorded day and night in --------- Ambulatory EEG
CONCLUSION
Programmed instruction
Submitted on:05/08/2019