Body fluid

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Intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. The extracellular fluid compartment is further subdivided into
the interstitial fluid and the intravascular fluid compartments.

Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids are liquids within the human body. In lean

healthy adult men, the total body water is about 60% (60–67%) of the total body weight;
it is usually slightly lower in women. The exact percentage of fluid relative to body
weight is inversely proportional to the percentage of body fat. A lean 70 kg (160 pound)
man, for example, has about 42 (42–47) liters of water in his body.
The total body of water is divided between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment (also
called space, or volume) and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment (space, volume)
in a two-to-one ratio: 28 (28–32) liters are inside cells and 14 (14–15) liters are outside
cells.
The ECF compartment is divided into the interstitial fluid volume – the fluid outside both
the cells and the blood vessels – and the intravascular volume (also called the vascular
volume and blood plasma volume) – the fluid inside the blood vessels – in a three-to-
one ratio: the interstitial fluid volume is about 12 liters, the vascular volume is about 4
liters.
The interstitial fluid compartment is divided into the lymphatic fluid compartment – about
2/3's, or 8 (6–10) liters; the transcellular fluid compartment is the remaining 1/3, or about
4 liters.[1]
The vascular volume is divided into the venous volume and the arterial volume; and the
arterial volume has a conceptually useful but unmeasurable subcompartment called
the effective arterial blood volume.[2]

Contents

 1Compartments by location
 2Health
 o 2.1Clinical samples
o 2.2Sampling
 3See also
 4References
 5Further reading
 6External links

Compartments by location[edit]
 Intracellular fluid
 Extracellular fluid
o Intravascular fluid (blood plasma)
o Interstitial fluid
o Lymphatic fluid (sometimes included in interstitial fluid)
o Transcellular fluid

Health[edit]
Body fluid is the term most often used in medical and health contexts.
Modern medical, public health, and personal hygiene practices treat body fluids as
potentially unclean. This is because they can be vectors for infectious diseases, such
as sexually transmitted diseases or blood-borne diseases. Universal
precautions and safer sex practices try to avoid exchanges of body fluids. Body fluids
can be analyzed in medical laboratory in order to find microbes, inflammation, cancers,
etc.
Clinical samples[edit]
Clinical samples are generally defined as non-infectious human or animal materials
including blood, saliva, excreta, body tissue and tissue fluids, and also FDA-approved
pharmaceuticals that are blood products.[3] In medical contexts, it is a specimen taken
for diagnostic examination or evaluation, and for identification of disease or condition.[4]
Sampling[edit]
Methods of sampling of body fluids include:

 Blood sampling for any blood test, in turn including:

o Arterial blood sampling, such as radial artery puncture
o Venous blood sampling, also called venipuncture
 Lumbar puncture to sample cerebrospinal fluid
 Paracentesis to sample peritoneal fluid
 Thoracocentesis to sample pleural fluid
 Amniocentesis to sample amniotic fluid

See also[edit]
  Basic reproduction number
 Blood-borne diseases
 Clinical pathology
 Fluid bonding, unprotected sex in long-term relationships
 Humorism
 Hygiene
 Ritual cleanliness

References[edit]
1. ^ ml "Lymphatic Congestion – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Information"  Check  |
url=  value (help). Diagnose-me.com. Retrieved 2012-11-14.[permanent dead link]
2. ^ Vesely, David L (2013). "Natriuretic Hormones". Seldin and Giebisch's the Kidney: 1241–
1281.  doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381462-3.00037-9. ISBN 9780123814623.
3. ^ Packaging Guidelines for Clinical Samples - Retrieved 7 August 2014.
4. ^ specimen - www.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 7 August 2014

Further reading[edit]
 Paul Spinrad. (1999) The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids. Juno
Books. ISBN 1-890451-04-5
 John Bourke. (1891) Scatalogic Rites of All Nations. Washington, D.C.: W.H.
Lowdermilk.

External links[edit]
 De Luca LA, Menani JV, Johnson AK (2014). Neurobiology of Body Fluid
Homeostasis: Transduction and Integration. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor
& Francis. ISBN 9781466506930.
GND: 4164436-0

NDL: 00572504
Categories: 
 Body fluids
 Medical diagnosis
 Medical terminology