Chapter review

1 a f ( x )  x3  6 x  2
1


d xn1   4  e xn  2

f ( x)  0  x3  6 x  2 1

2 x0  2  x1    4  e 2  2  1.96587...
x2  6  1
x x2    4  e 1.96587...  2  1.96467...
2 1
x   6 x3    4  e 1.96467...  2  1.96463...
x
1
a = 6, b = 2 x4    4  e 1.96463...  2  1.96463...

2
b xn 1  6  To 4 d.p., the values are x1 = −1.9659,
xn x2 = −1.9647, x3 = −1.9646, x4 = −1.9646.
2
x0  2  x1  6   7  2.64575... e x0  1.4  4  e1.4  0
2
2 There can be no square root of a negative
x2  6   2.59921... number.
2.64575...
2 3 a g( x)  x 5  5 x  6
x3  6   2.60181...
2.59921... g(1)  1  5  6  10
2 g(2)  32  10  6  16
x4  6   2.60167...
2.60181...
There is a change of sign in the interval,
To 4 d.p., the values are x1 = 2.6458, so there must be a root in the interval,
x2 = 2.5992, x3 = 2.6018, x4 = 2.6017. since f is continuous over the interval.

c f (2.6015)  2.60153  6  2.6015  2 b g( x)  0  x5  5 x  6

1
 0.0025... x  5x  65
f (2.6025)  2.60253  6  2.6025  2 p = 5, q = 6, r = 5
 0.0117...
1
There is a change of sign in this interval c xn 1   5 xn  6  5
so α = 2.602 correct to 3 d.p. 1
x0  1  x1   5  6  5  1.61539...
2 a 1
x2   5 1.61539...  6  5  1.69707...
1
x3   5 1.69707...  6  5  1.70681...

To 4 d.p., the values are x1 = 1.6154,

x2 = 1.6971, x3 = 1.7068.
b There is one positive and one negative
root of the equation p(x) = q(x) at the d g(1.7075)  1.70755  5 1.7075  6
points of intersection.  0.0229...
p( x)  q( x)  4  x 2  e x g(1.7085)  1.70855  5 1.7085  6
i.e. x 2  e x  4  0  0.0146...
The sign change implies there is a root in
c x2  4  ex this interval so α = 1.708 correct to 3 d.p.
1

x    4  ex  2

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
4 a g( x)  x 2  3 x  5 5 c x0  1.1 
g( x)  0  x 2  3 x  5  0 x1  0.8 sin (1.1)  0.4  1.1129...
2
x  3x  5 x2  0.8 sin (1.1129...)  0.4  1.1176...
x  3x  5 x3  0.8 sin (1.1176...)  0.4  1.1192...
x4  0.8sin(1.1192...)  0.4  1.1198...
b, c
To 3 d.p., the values are x1 = 1.113,
x2 = 1.118, x3 = 1.119, x4 = 1.120.

6 a

b The line meets the curve at two points,

so there are two values of x that satisfy
1
the equation  x  3.
x
1
g( x)  0  x 2  3 x  5  0 So  x  3 has two roots.
x
3x  x 2  5
x2  5 1 1
x c  x  3  0  x  3
3 x x
1
5 a f ( x )  5 x  4sin x  2 Let f(x) = x  3 
x
f (1.1)  5(1.1)  4 sin (1.1)  2 1
f(0.30) = (0.30)  3   0.0333...
 0.0648... 0.30
1
f (1.15)  5(1.15)  4 sin (1.15)  2 f(0.31) = (0.31)  3   0.0841...
0.31
 0.0989...
f(0.30) < 0 and f(0.31) > 0 so there is a
f(1.1) < 0 and f(1.15) > 0 so there is a
change of sign, which implies there is a
change of sign, which implies there is a
root between x = 0.30 and x = 0.31.
root between x = 1.1 and x = 1.15.
1
b 5 x  4 sin x  2  0 d  x3
5 x  2  4 sin x Add 4 sin x to each side. x
5 x  4 sin x  2 Add 2 to each side. 1
 x  x  x  3  x Multiply by x.
5 x 4sin x 2 x
  Divide each term by 5.
5 5 5 1  x 2  3x
x  45 sin x  25 Simplify.
So p = 45 and q = 25 . So x 2  3 x  1  0

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
 b  b 2  4ac b As B is a point of inflection f ( x)  0 .
6 e Using x  with Using x0  1 in part iii
2a
a  1, b  3, c  1 4
x1  4  0.7186...
(3)  (3) 2  4(1)( 1) 15
x
2(1) 7  3  0.7186...
x2  4  0.7538...
3  9  4 3  13 15
 
2 2 7  3  0.7538...
x3  4  0.7496...
3  13 15
So x   0.3027...
2 7  3  0.7496...
x4  4  0.7501...
The positive root is 0.303 to 3 d.p. 15
7  3  0.7501...
Challenge x5  4  0.7501...
15
a f ( x)  x 6  x3  7 x 2  x  3 Correct to 3 d.p., an approximation for the
x-coordinate of B is 0.750.
f ( x )  6 x 5  3x 2  14 x  1
f ( x)  30 x 4  6 x  14 c A has a negative x-coordinate. Formula iii
gives the positive fourth root, so cannot be
i f ( x)  0  6 x  14  30 x 4 used to find a negative root.
3 x  7  15 x 4
7  15 x 4
x
3

ii f ( x)  0  6 x  14  30 x 4
15 x 4  3 x  7
x(15 x 3  3)  7
7
x
15 x3  3

iii f ( x)  0  6 x  14  30 x 4
15 x 4  7  3 x
7  3x
x4 
15
7  3x
x 4
15

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3