Exercise 7B

1 0 2 c –b = −(4i − j)

1 v1 i 8    0    8i = –4i + j
0 1
d 2b + a = 2(4i − j) + (2i + 3j)
1 0 8 = (8i − 2j) + (2i + 3j)
ii 8    0     
0 1 0 = (8 + 2)i + (−2 +3)j
= 10i + j
1 0
v2 i 9    3    9i  3j e 3a − 2b = 3(2i + 3j) – 2(4i − j)
0 1 = (6i + 9j) − (8i − 2j)
= (6 − 8)i + (9 + 2)j
1 0 9 = −2i + 11j
ii 9    3     
0 1 3 f b − 3a = (4i − j) – 3(2i + 3j)
= (4i − j) − (6i + 9j)
1 0 = (4 − 6)i + (−1 −9)j
v3 i 4    2    4i  2 j
0 1 = − 2i − 10j

g 4b − a = 4(4i − j) − (2i + 3j)

 1   0   4 
ii 4    2      = (16i − 4j) − (2i + 3j)
 0 1   2  = (16 − 2)i + (−4 −3)j
= 14i − 7j
1 0
v4 i 3    5    3i  5 j h 2a − 3b = 2(2i + 3j) −3(4i − j)
0 1 = (4i + 6j) − (12i − 3j)
= (4 − 12)i + (6 + 3)j
 1   0   3 = − 8i + 9j
ii 3    5     
 0 1  5
9
3 a 5a = 5  
 1  0 7
v5 i 3    2    3i  2 j
0 1  45 
= 
 35 
 1   0   3 
ii 3    2     
 0   1   2  1 1  8 
b  c=   
2 2  1 
1 0  4 
v6 i 0    5    5 j = 
0 1  0.5 

1 0  0   9   11   8 
ii 0    5      c a + b + c =    
 0   1   5   7   3   1
12 
2 a 4a = 4(2i + 3j) = 
= 8i + 12j 3

1
b 2 a = 12 (2i + 3j)
= i + 32 j

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
 uuur uuur uuur
 9   11   8  6 BC  BA  AC
3 d 2a − b + c = 2        
 7   3   1  = −(4i + 3j) + 5i + 2j
=i−j
 1 
=  uuur uuur uuur
 16  7 a AC  AO  OC
 11   8   9  = −(2i + 4j) + 7i
e 2b + 2c − 3a = 2    2    3   = 5i − 4j
 3   1   7 
1 0
 21  = 5   4 
=  0 1
 29 
5
= 
1 1 1  9  1  11   4 
f a + b =    
2 2 2  7  2  3  uuur uuur
b AP  35 AC
10 
=  = 35 (5i − 4j)
2 12
= 3i − 5 j
4 a a + λb = (2i + 5j) + λ(3i − j)  1  12  0 
= (2 + 3λ)i + (5 − λ)j = 3    
Parallel to i, so 5 – λ = 0, λ = 5. 0 5 1
 3 
=  12 
b μa + b = μ(2i + 5j) + (3i − j)  5 
= (2μ + 3)i + (5μ − 1)j
Parallel to j, so 2μ + 3 = 0, μ =  32 uuur uuur uuur
c OP  OA  AP
= 2i + 4j + 35 (5i − 4j)
5 a c + λd = (3i + 4j) + λ(i − 2j)
= (3 + λ)i + (4 − 2λ)j = 5i + 85 j
Parallel to i + j, so 3 + λ = 4 − 2λ 1 8 0
3λ = 1, λ = 32 = 5    
0 5 1
 5
b μc + d = μ(3i + 4j) + (i − 2j) = 8
= (3μ + 1)i + (4μ − 2)j 5
Parallel to i + 3j, so 4μ – 2 = 3(3μ + 1)
4μ – 2 = 9μ + 3 10   j   2 
5μ = − 5, μ = −1 8    2    
 k   3  5
c c – sd = (3i + 4j) – s(i − 2j) So 10 − 2j = 2 and k − 6 = 5
= (3 − s)i + (4 + 2s)j j = 4 and k = 11
Parallel to 2i + j, so
3 – s = 2 (4 + 2s)  p   q  7
9    2    
3 – s = 8 + 4i  q   p   4 
−5 = 5s, s = −1 So p + 2q = 7 (1)
and −q + 2p = 4 (2)
d d – tc = (i − 2j) – t(3i + 4j) Solve the two equations simultaneously.
= (1 − 3t) i + (−2 −4t)j Multiply equation (2) by 2 to give
Parallel to −2i + 3j, so −2q + 4p = 8 (3)
−2 (−2 −4t) = 3 (1 − 3t) Add equations (1) and (3)
4 + 8t = 3 − 9t 5p = 15
1 = − 17t, t = − 171 p = 3 and q = 2

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
10 a The resultant vector
a + b = 3i − 2j + pi − 2pj
= (3 + p)i − (2 + 2p)j
(3 + p)i − (2 + 2p)j is parallel to 2i − 3j
so (3 + p)i − (2 + 2p)j = λ(2i − 3j)
so 3 + p = 2λ (1)
and 2 + 2p = 3λ (2)
Solve the two equations simultaneously.
Multiply equation (1) by 2 to give
6 + 2p = 4λ
λ=4
p=5

b When p = 5
(3 + p)i − (2 + 2p)j = 8i − 12j

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3