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02 Tm3110eu02tm 0001 Gprs Sign GMM Context PDF
02 Tm3110eu02tm 0001 Gprs Sign GMM Context PDF
Contents
1 GPRS Mobility Management Overview 3
1.1 Protocol Stack 4
1.2 Functions of the GMM 6
1.3 Storage of GMM related Data in the different Network Entities 8
1.4 GPRS Mobility Management States 16
2 Signaling Procedures Supporting GMM Functionality 23
2.1 Registration Procedures 24
2.2 Security Procedures 34
2.3 Location Management Procedures 42
3 Format of GMM Messages 63
3.1 Format of Standard Layer 3 Messages 64
3.2 Format of the GPRS Attach Request Message 68
3.3 Format of the GPRS Attach Accept Message 75
4 Exercise 77
5 Solution 81
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BSS
IP IP
LLC LLC
Relay
Network
MAC MAC Network Service
Service
MS Um BSS Gb SGSN
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Functions of GMM
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The IMSI is the prime key to the GMM/MM related data (GMM/MM context) and
packet domain subscription data (PDP context) stored in the HLR.
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The SGSN maintains GMM related information (= GMM/MM context) and - in case
the Gs interface exists - also some MM related information as well as PDP context
related information of a certain MS in the STANDBY, READY states of MM.
The GMM/MM context is created in the SGSN during the GPRS Attach procedure.
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Field Description
IMSI IMSI is the main reference key.
MM State Mobility management state: IDLE, STANDBY or READY.
P-TMSI Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity.
P-TMSI Signature A signature used for identification checking purposes.
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
MSISDN The basic MSISDN of the MS.
Routeing Area Current routeing area.
Cell Identity Current cell in READY state, last known cell in STANDBY or
SGSN IDLE state.
Cell Identity Age Time elapsed since the last LLC PDU was received from the
MS at the SGSN.
VLR Number The VLR number of the MSC/VLR currently serving this MS.
New SGSN The IP address of the new SGSN where buffered and not sent
Address N-PDUs should be forwarded to.
Authentication Authentication and ciphering parameters.
Triplets
Kc Currently used ciphering key.
CKSN Ciphering key sequence number of Kc.
Ciphering algorithmSelected ciphering algorithm (GEA).
DRX Parameters Discontinuous reception parameters.
MNRG Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the
HLR.
NGAF Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the
MSC/VLR.
PPF Indicates whether paging for PS and CS services can be
initiated.
SMS Parameters SMS-related parameters, e.g., operator-determined barring.
Radio Priority SMS The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink SMS transmission.
Each MM context contains zero or more PDP contexts
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Depending on the existence of the Gs interface the MSC/VLR stores the SGSN
number of GPRS attached MSs that are also IMSI attached. Figure 4 shows the
MSC/VLR association for one MS.
The association is initiated by the SGSN and created when the VLR stores the SGSN
number and the SGSN stores the VLR number. The association is used for co-
ordinating MSs that are both GPRS attached and IMSI attached.
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MSC/VLR
Field Description
IMSI IMSI is the main reference key.
SGSN Number The SGSN number of the SGSN currently serving this
MS.
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Each packet domain MS maintains GMM/MM and PDP context information in the
states IDLE, STANDBY or READY.
The information marked with an "X" in Fig. 6 has to be stored on the SIM after GPRS
detach.
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IDLE IDLE
STANDBY STANDBY
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NOTE 1: The value of this timer is used if the network does not indicate another value in a GMM
signalling procedure.
NOTE 2: The default value of this timer is used if neither the MS nor the Network sends a value in a
GMM signalling procedure.
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RA1 BSS
BTS
Abis
s
RA2 BTS Gb
BTS
BSC Gb
BTS SGSN
BTS
LA1
LA2
BTS
Abis
s
BTS A
RA3
s
BTS
BSC
BTS A
RA4 BTS MSC/VLR
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old SGSN
BSS
MS GMM new SGSN
Attach Request HLR
(IMSI or P-TMSI, old RAI, attach type)
GTP
Identification Request
(P-TMSI, old RAI)
GTP
Identification Response
(IMSI, Auth. Triples)
Authentication
MAP
Update GPRS Location
(SGSN No., SGSN address, IMSI)
MAP
Cancel Location
(IMSI, Type) MAP
Cancel Location Ack
(IMSI)
MAP
Insert Subscriber Data
(IMSI, GPRS subscription data)
MAP
Insert Subs. Data Ack.
(IMSI) MAP
Update GPRS Location Ack
GMM
Attach Accept
(P-TMSI, radio priority SMS)
GMM
Attach Complete
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NOTE 1: The value of this timer is used if the network does not indicate another value in a GMM
signaling procedure.
NOTE 2: Typically, the procedures are aborted on the fifth expiry of the relevant timer.
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Apart from the previous explicit detach procedures, implicit detach by the network
detaches the MS without notifying the former. That happens if the mobile reachable
timer expires or after an irrecoverable radio error causes disconnection of the logical
link.
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GGSN
BSS
MS
SGSN
MSC/VLR
GMM
Detach Request
(Detach Type, Switch off?)
GTP
Delete PDP Context Request
(TEID)
GTP
Delete PDP Context Response
(TEID)
BSSAP+
IMSI Detach Indication
(IMSI)
BSSAP+
IMSI Detach Ack
(IMSI)
or
BSSAP+
GPRS Detach Indication
(IMSI)
BSSAP+
GPRS Detach Ack
GMM (IMSI)
Detach Accept
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NOTE 1: Typically, the procedures are aborted on the fifth expiry of the relevant timer.
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GGSN
BSS
MS
SGSN
MSC/VLR
GMM
Detach Request
(Detach Type)
GTP
Delete PDP Context Request
(TEID)
GTP
Delete PDP Context Response
(TEID)
BSSAP+
GPRS Detach Indication
(IMSI)
BSSAP+
GPRS Detach Ack
(IMSI)
GMM
Detach Accept
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GGSN
HLR
BSS
MS
SGSN MAP
Cancel Location MSC/VLR
GMM
(IMSI, Type)
Detach Request
(Detach Type)
GTP
Delete PDP Context Request
(TEID)
GTP
Delete PDP Context Response
(TEID)
BSSAP+
GPRS Detach Indication
(IMSI)
GMM
Detach Accept
MAP
Cancel Location Ack
(IMSI)
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NOTE 1: Typically, the procedures are aborted on the fifth expiry of the relevant timer.
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HLR
s
BSS
MS
SGSN EIR
GMM
Identity Request
(Identity Type = IMSI or IMEI)
GMM
Identity Response
MAP
(IMSI or IMEI) Send Authentication Info
(IMSI)
A) MAP
Send Authentication Info Ack
(Authentication Triplets)
or
MAP
Check IMEI
(IMEI)
B) MAP
Check IMEI Ack
(equipment status)
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NOTE 1: Typically, the procedures are aborted on the fifth expiry of the relevant timer.
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BSS
MS
HLR
SGSN
MAP
MAP
Send Authentication Info Ack
(Authentication Triplets)
GMM
Authentication and Ciphering Request
(RAND, CKSN, Ciphering Algorithm)
GMM
Authentication and Ciphering Response
(SRES)
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The GMM layer has to notify the LLC layer that the P-TMSI has been changed.
NOTE 1: Typically, the procedures are aborted on the fifth expiry of the relevant timer.
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BSS
MS
SGSN
GMM
P-TMSI reallocation command
(new P-TMSI, P-TMSI Signature, RAI)
GMM
P-TMSI reallocation complete
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NOTE 1: Typically, the procedures are aborted on the fifth expiry of the relevant timer.
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BSS
MS
SGSN MSC/VLR
BSSAP+
MS Information Request
(IMSI, Information Type)
GMM
Identity Request
(Identity Type)
GMM
Identity Response
(Mobile Identity)
BSSAP+
MS Information Response
(IMSI, Information)
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If the MS enters a new PLMN, the MS shall either perform a routing area update or
enter IDLE state.
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RA1 BSS s
D
A Gs
BTS
Abis MSC/VLRold
s
RA2 BTS
Gb
Gr s
BTS
BSC SGSNold
BTS
HLR
LA1
BTS
Gn
Gn
LA2
BTS
s GGSN
BTS
RA3
BTS
BSC SGSNnew s
BTS
RA4 BTS
MSC/VLRnew
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BSS
MS
SGSN
PDP PDU or MT SMS
BSSGP
Paging PS
(IMSI, opt.P-TMSI, Area, DRX Parameters...)
GRR
Packet Paging Request or
RR
Paging Request
(P-TMSI)
LLC Frame
LLC Frame
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BSS
MS
SGSN
LLC Frame
BSSGP UL-UNITDATA PDU
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BSS
MS SGSN
GMM
Routing Area Update Request
(old RAI, Update Type)
Security Functions
GMM
Routing Area Update Accept
(P-TMSI)
GMM
Routing Area Update Complete
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old SGSN
HLR
BSS
MS
new SGSN
GMM
Routing Area Update Request
GGSN
(old RAI, Type)
GTP
SGSN Context Request
(old RAI, TLLI,
new SGSN address)
GTP
SGSN Context Response
(MM Context, PDP context)
Security Functions
GTP
SGSN Context Ack
Forward Packets
GTP
Update PDP Context Request
(new SGSN address, TEID, QoS neg.)
GTP
Update PDP Context Response
(TEID)
Fig. 22 Inter SGSN routing area update (part 1)
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The new SGSN informs the HLR of the SGSN change by sending Update GPRS
Location (SGSN Number, SGSN Address, IMSI) to the HLR.
The HLR sends Cancel Location (IMSI, Cancellation Type) to the old SGSN with
Cancellation Type set to Update Procedure. If the timer described above is not
running, then the old SGSN removes the MM and PDP contexts. Otherwise, the
contexts are removed only when the timer expires. This allows the old SGSN to
complete the forwarding of N-PDUs. It also ensures that the MM and PDP contexts
are kept in the old SGSN in case the MS initiates another inter SGSN routing area
update before completing the ongoing routing area update to the new SGSN. The old
SGSN acknowledges with Cancel Location Ack (IMSI).
The HLR sends Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, GPRS subscription data) to the new
SGSN. The new SGSN validates the MS's presence in the (new) RA. If due to
regional subscription the MS is rejected the SGSN rejects the Routing Area Update
Request with an appropriate cause and returns an Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI,
SGSN Area Restricted due to regional subscription) message to the HLR. If all
checks are successful then the SGSN constructs an MM context for the MS and
returns an Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI) message to the HLR.
The HLR acknowledges the Update Location by sending Update GPRS Location
Ack (IMSI) to the new SGSN.
The new SGSN validates the MS's presence in the new RA. If all checks are
successful then the new SGSN constructs MM and PDP contexts for the MS. A
logical link is established between the new SGSN and the MS. The new SGSN
responds to the MS with Routing Area Update Accept (P-TMSI, Receive N-PDU
Number, P-TMSI Signature). Receive N-PDU Number contains the
acknowledgements for each acknowledged-mode NSAPI used by the MS, thereby
confirming all mobile-originated N-PDUs successfully transferred before the start of
the update procedure.
The MS acknowledges the new P-TMSI with a Routing Area Update Complete
(Receive N-PDU Numbers). Receive N-PDU Number contains the
acknowledgements for each acknowledged-mode NSAPI used by the MS, thereby
confirming all mobile-terminated N-PDUs successfully transferred before the start of
the update procedure. If Receive N-PDU Number confirms reception of N-PDUs that
were forwarded from the old SGSN then these N-PDUs are discarded by the new
SGSN. LLC and SNDCP in the MS are reset.
In the case of a rejected routing area update operation, due to regional subscription
or roaming restrictions, the new SGSN does not construct an MM context. A reject
will be returned to the MS with an appropriate cause. The MS shall not re-attempt a
routing area update to that RA. The RAI value will be deleted when the MS is
powered-up.
If the SGSN is unable to update the PDP context in one or more GGSNs, then the
SGSN deactivates the corresponding PDP contexts using the Procedure “PDP
Context Deactivation Initiated by SGSN" indicating an appropriate cause. This shall
not cause the SGSN to reject the routing area update.
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old SGSN
HLR
BSS
MS GGSN
new SGSN
MAP
Update GPRS Location
(SGSN number, SGSN address., IMSI)
MAP
Cancel Location
(IMSI, Cancellation Type)
MAP
Cancel Location Ack
(IMSI)
MAP
Insert Subscriber Data
(IMSI, GPRS subscription data)
MAP
Insert Subscriber Data Ack
(IMSI, SGSN area restricted)
MAP
Update GPRS Location Ack
GMM (IMSI)
Routing Area Update Accept
(P-TMSI, Receive N-PDU Number list)
GMM
Routing Area Update Complete
(Receive N-PDU Number list)
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The new VLR allocates a new TMSI and responds with Location Updating Accept
(TMSI) to the SGSN.
The SGSN validates the MS's presence in the new RA. If there are no regional,
national or international restrictions for GPRS attachment and all checks are
successful then the SGSN updates the MM context for the MS. A new P-TMSI may
be allocated. The SGSN responds to the MS with Routing Area Update Accept (P-
TMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI Signature).
The MS confirms the reallocation of the temporary MS identities (P-TMSI/IMSI) by
sending Routing Area Update Complete to the SGSN.
The SGSN sends TMSI Reallocation Complete (TMSI) to the VLR.
If the Location Updating Accept message indicates a reject, then this is indicated to
the MS, and the MS is not allowed to access non-GPRS services until a successful
Location Update is performed.
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s s s
BSS
MS SGSN new MSC/VLR HLR old MSC/VLR
GMM
Routing Area Update Request
(old RAI, Update Type)
Security Functions
BSSAP+
Location Update Request
(new LAI, IMSI, SGSN Number, Type) MAP
Update Location
MAP
(new VLR) Cancel Location
(IMSI)
MAP
Cancel Location Ack
MAP (IMSI)
Insert Sub Data
(IMSI, GSM subscriber data)
MAP
Insert Sub Data Ack
(IMSI)
MAP
Update Location Ack
(IMSI)
Location Update Accept BSSAP+
GMM (TMSI)
Routing Area Update Accept
(P-TMSI, TMSI)
GMM
Routing Area Update Complete
BSSAP+
TMSI Reallocation Complete
(TMSI)
Fig. 24 Combined intra SGSN RA/LA update
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s s s
old SGSN
BSS
MS
new SGSN new MSC/VLR GGSN HLR old MSC/VLR
GMM
Routing Area Update Request
(old RAI, UpdateType)
GTP
SGSN Context Request
(old RAI, TLLI, new SGSN address)
SGSN Context Response GTP
(MM context, PDP contexts)
Security Functions
GTP
SGSN Context Ack
Forwarding Packets
GTP
Update PDP Context Request
(new SGSN address, TEID, QoS neg.)
Update PDP Context Response GTP
(TEID)
MAP
Update GPRS Location
(SGSN number, SGSN address, IMSI)
MAP
Cancel Location
(IMSI, Cancellation Type)
MAP
Cancel Location Ack
(IMSI)
MAP
Insert Subscriber Data
(IMSI, GPRS subscription data)
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The HLR sends Cancel Location (IMSI, Cancellation Type) to the old SGSN with
Cancellation Type set to Update Procedure. If the timer described above is not
running, then the old SGSN removes the MM and PDP contexts. Otherwise, the
contexts are removed only when the timer expires. This allows the old SGSN to
complete the forwarding of N-PDUs. It also ensures that the MM and PDP contexts
are kept in the old SGSN in case the MS initiates another inter SGSN routing area
update before completing the ongoing routing area update to the new SGSN. The old
SGSN acknowledges with Cancel Location Ack (IMSI).
Now, the HLR sends Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, GPRS subscription data) to the
new SGSN. The new SGSN validates the MS's presence in the (new) RA. If all
checks are successful then the SGSN constructs an MM context for the MS and
returns an Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI) message to the HLR.
The HLR acknowledges the Update Location by sending Update Location Ack
(IMSI) to the new SGSN.
The new SGSN sends a Location Update Request (new LAI, IMSI, SGSN Number,
Location Update Type) to the VLR. Location Update Type indicates IMSI attach if
Update Type in step 1 indicated combined RA / LA update with IMSI attach
requested. Otherwise, Location Update Type indicates normal location update. The
VLR number is translated from the RAI via a table in the SGSN. The SGSN starts the
location update procedure towards the new MSC/VLR upon receipt of the first Insert
Subscriber Data message from the HLR. The VLR creates or updates the association
with the SGSN by storing the SGSN Number.
If the LA update is inter-MSC, the new VLR informs the HLR. The HLR cancels the
old VLR and inserts subscriber data in the new VLR (this signaling is not modified
from existing GSM signaling and is included here for illustrative purposes):
The new VLR sends an Update Location (new VLR) to the HLR.
The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR by sending Cancel Location (IMSI).
The old VLR acknowledges with Cancel Location Ack (IMSI).
The HLR sends Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, GSM sub. data) to the new VLR.
The new VLR acknowledges with Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI).
The HLR responds with Update Location Ack (IMSI) to the new VLR.
The new VLR allocates a new TMSI and responds with Location Update Accept
(TMSI) to the SGSN.
The new SGSN validates the MS's presence in the new RA. If all checks are
successful then the new SGSN establishes MM and PDP contexts for the MS. A
logical link is established between the new SGSN and the MS. The new SGSN
responds to the MS with Routing Area Update Accept (P-TMSI, TMSI, Receive
N-PDU Number, P-TMSI Signature). Receive N-PDU Number contains the
acknowledgements for each acknowledged-mode NSAPI used by the MS, thereby
confirming all mobile-originated N-PDUs successfully transferred before the start of
the update procedure.
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s s s
old SGSN
BSS
MS
new SGSN new MSC/VLR GGSN HLR old MSC/VLR
MAP
Insert Subscriber Data Ack
(IMSI, SGSN area restricted) MAP
Update GPRS Location Ack
(IMSI)
Location Update Request BSSAP+
MAP
(IMSI, SGSN area restricted) Update Location
MAP
(new VLR) Cancel Location
(IMSI) MAP
Cancel Location Ack
MAP (IMSI)
Insert Subscriber Data
(IMSI, GSM Subscriber Data)
MAP
Insert Subscriber Data Ack
(IMSI) MAP
Update Location Ack
Location Update Accept BSSAP+ (IMSI)
GMM (TMSI)
Routing Area Update Accept
(P-TMSI, TMSI, Receive N-PDU Number list)
GMM
Routing Area Update Complete
(Receive N-PDU Number list)
BSSAP+
TMSI Reallocation Complete
(TMSI)
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The MS acknowledges the new P-TMSI with a Routing Area Update Complete
(Receive N-PDU Numbers). Receive N-PDU Number contains the
acknowledgements for each acknowledged-mode NSAPI used by the MS, thereby
confirming all mobile-terminated N-PDUs successfully transferred before the start of
the update procedure. If Receive N-PDU Number confirms reception of N-PDUs that
were forwarded from the old SGSN, then these N-PDUs are discarded by the new
SGSN. LLC and SNDCP in the MS are reset.
The new SGSN sends TMSI Reallocation Complete (TMSI) to the new VLR.
In the case of a rejected routing area update operation, due to regional subscription
or roaming restrictions, the new SGSN does not construct an MM context. A reject
will be returned to the MS with an appropriate cause. The MS shall not re-attempt a
routing area update to that RA. The RAI value will be deleted when the MS is
powered-up.
If the SGSN is unable to update the PDP context in one or more GGSNs, then the
SGSN deactivates the corresponding PDP contexts using the Procedure “PDP
Context Deactivation Initiated by SGSN" indicating an appropriate cause. This shall
not cause the SGSN to reject the routing area update.
If the timer described above expires and no Cancel Location (IMSI) was received
from the HLR, then the old SGSN stops forwarding N-PDUs to the new SGSN and
proceed as if the SGSN Context Request message was not received.
If the routing area update procedure fails a maximum allowable number of times, or if
the SGSN returns a Routing Area Update Reject (Cause) message, the MS enters
IDLE state.
If the Location Updating Accept message indicates a reject, then this is forwarded to
the MS, and the MS does not access non-GPRS services until a successful location
update is performed.
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V (value only) parameters have neither an identifier (IEI) nor a length indicator;
they are mandatory parameters of fixed length. The length is either an integer
amount of bytes or 1/2 byte. In the last case, V-parameters of 1/2 byte length
are combined to form pairs whenever possible. The first parameter in the
combination encompasses the 4 least significant bits, the second parameter
the 4 most significant bits. If the total number of V-parameters of 1/2 byte is
odd, the 4 most significant bits of the last byte are filled with 0000.
TV (type and value) parameters have an identifier (IEI) but no length indicator. If
the length of the contents is an integer amount of bytes, then the IEI is 1 byte in
length, and the most significant IEI bit is 0. If the length of the contents is 1/2
byte, then the IEI is likewise 1/2 byte in length. The most significant bit is 1, and
the succeeding bits must not be 010 (to distinguish them from T-parameters,
see below).
T (type only) parameters have 0 byte content. The communicated information
consists solely in the presence or absence of the parameter. Obviously, such
parameters can only be considered as optional. The identifier (IEI) is 1 byte in
length and begins with 1010 (so that no confusion with TV-parameters is
possible). One example of a type-2 parameter is the authorization given in
"Location Update Accept" for the Mobile Station to set up a MM connection
directly after the location update (i.e. in the same RR connection). This
authorization may, or may not, be present.
LV (length and value) parameters have a length indicator but no identifier (IEI);
they are mandatory parameters of variable length. The length indicator is the
first byte and indicates how many bytes of contents follow.
TLV (type, length and value) parameters have an identifier (IEI) and a length
indicator. The IEI is the first byte of the parameter; its most significant bit is 0.
The length indicator is the second byte of the parameter and indicates how
many bytes of contents follow.
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Example: 5 parameters
0 IEI
T ype,
V alue content
1 IEI content
#0 1 0
T ype 1 0 1 0 IEI
Length indicator
L ength,
V alue
content
T ype, 0 IEI
L ength, Length indicator
V alue
content
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Transaction identifier
TI-
TI-value Protocol discriminator
flag
Message type
Message Type
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Protocol Discriminator M V ½
Skip Indicator M V ½
Message Type M V 1
MS Network Capability M LV 2
Attach Type M V ½
GPRS Ciphering Key Sequence M V ½
Number
DRX parameter M V 2
Mobile Identity M LV 6-9
Old Routing Area Identification M V 6
MS Radio Access Capability M LV 6-14
19 Old P-TMSI Signature O TV 4
17 Requested READY timer value O TV 2
9- TMSI status O TV 1
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The adjacent example shows a "GPRS Attach Request". The protocol discriminator
specifies "GPRS Mobility Management"; accordingly, there is no transaction identifier
but a skip indicator. The subsequent message type 00000001 identifies the message
as a "GPRS Attach Request".
The mandatory parameters follow. The parameter "MS network capability" provides
the network with information concerning aspects of the mobile station related to
GPRS, e.g. GPRS Encryption Algorithm, Short message capabilities, etc. The "Attach
Type" indicates if it is GPRS attach, GPRS attach while IMSI attached or Combined
GPRS/IMSI attach. In this case, shown by the bit combination 001, the type is GPRS
attach. "Ciphering key sequence number (CKSN)" tells the network, which Kc is used
by the MS for ciphering. These are followed by the "DRX-parameter", which
indicates, whether the MS uses DRX mode or not and the "Mobile Identity", in our
case represented by the P-TMSI. "Old routing area Identification" contains the value
of the RAI.
For the continuation of the "GPRS Attach Request" message, please refer to the next
figure.
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MS Network Capability
Length 1 Byte
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 MS Network Capabilty value
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1. digit 1 0 0 1
3. digit 2. digit
Mobile Identity
Length 8 Byte
Type of Identity = IMSI
odd number of digits
n - digit
MCC
DUMMY Old Routing Area Identification
MNC
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The last mandatory parameter of the "GPRS Attach Request-message" is the "MS
Radio Access Capability". The purpose of this parameter is to provide the radio part
of the network with information concerning radio aspects of the mobile station. The
contents might affect the manner in which the network handles the operation of the
mobile station.
Regarding the optional parameters, the "Old P-TMSI Signature" is present. The
former is recognizable by identifier 00011001 (19 Hex); after the identifier the 3-byte
value of the "Old P-TMSI Signature" follows.
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RAC
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
Old P-TMSI Signature
IEI = 19Hex
Old P-TMSI Signature Lenght 4 Bytes
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4 Exercise
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Exercise
Title: GPRS Mobility Management
Pre-requisite: none
Query
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5 Solution
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Solution
Title: GPRS Mobility Management
Pre-requisite: none
Query
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