Projects Engineering Department

Engineering Standard

BES-A002 5 December, 2005

Basic Engineering Design Data

Contents

1.0 GENERAL ....................................................................................... 3

1.1
SCOPE ....................................................................................... 3
1.2
BASIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT .......................................... 3
2.0 STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ............................................................. 3
2.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS ................................................. 3
2.2 STEEL STRUCTURES .............................................................. 4
2.3 CONCRETE STRUCTURES ...................................................... 5
2.4 FOUNDATION DESIGN ............................................................. 5
2.5 MATERIALS & WORKMANSHIP ............................................... 6
3.0 PRODUCT ....................................................................................... 6
3.1 CRUDE OIL ................................................................................ 6
3.2 ASSOCIATED WATER .............................................................. 6
3.2 KHUFF GAS (DEHYDRATED) ................................................... 6
3.3 ARAB GAS ................................................................................. 7
3.4 RESIDUE GAS ........................................................................... 7
4.0 UTILITIES ........................................................................................ 8
4.1 WATER....................................................................................... 8
4.2 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY ............................................... 8
5.0 METEOROLOGICAL DATA ........................................................... 8
5.1 WIND .......................................................................................... 8
5.2 TIDE ........................................................................................... 8
5.3 TEMPERATURE (AT MUHARRAQ AIRPORT) ......................... 9
5.4 HUMIDITY (AT MUHARRAQ AIRPORT) ................................. 10
5.5 PRECIPITATION (AT MUHARRAQ AIRPORT) ....................... 10
5.6 BUILDING COOLING DESIGN DATA ..................................... 10
APPENDIX 1 WIND ROSE DATA ........................................................ 11

Page 1 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

REVISION RECORD

Date Originator Reviewed Approved Description

05/10/05 ESD AMA NMI Supersedes document number BN-AS-048

Page 2 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

The data included in this document is intended to be utilised in conjunction with Bapco approved standards and
specifications in the design of Bapco facilities.

1.2 BASIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

Exceptions to the following are indicated in the appropriate data sheets:

Unit Abbreviation

Linear Mile ml
Foot ft
Inch in
Liquid Volume U.S. Gallons gal
U.S. Barrel bbl
Gas Volume Std cubic feet per day scfd
Weight/Mass Pound lb
Temperature Degree Fahrenheit °F
Pressure Pounds per square inch psi

Refer to individual sections for combination unit abbreviations.

2.0 STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL

2.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

2.1.1 Load Combinations

Structures shall be designed for construction, normal operation, hydrostatic test and unit turnaround loading. The
following general operating conditions shall be considered:
a) Normal operation plus wind (see Note).
b) Equipment empty plus wind (see Note).
c) Turnaround load plus full hydrostatic test of equipment and piping.

With the above operating conditions, all possible load combinations shall be considered. All vertical loads,
lateral loads, multi-directional moments etc shall be considered for all load combinations.

Stresses and displacements for all elements of vessels, piping, equipment, buildings, supporting structures,
foundations etc shall be checked.

In addition, the designer shall determine whether impact loads are to be expected and shall make allowance for
this factor. Examples are monorail structures and structures carrying equipment such as exchangers, which may
be removed for maintenance.

Analysis & design shall be carried out using relevant computer design software.

Note: Allowable stresses for structural members may be increased for impact cases as permitted by the
applicable structural code.

2.1.2 Vertical Loads

The design shall consider all possible dead loads & live loads expected to be present. Live load shall be
according to British Standard Code of Practice CP3, Chapter V, Part I.

Page 3 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

Piping and Vessels: Weight of normal liquid contents. No provision

for live loads is required for curved upper
surfaces of vessels.
Live Load for Access Areas for Pedestrian Traffic Only: 1.5KN/M2 minimum.
Live Loads for Storage Areas, Working Areas & Stairways: 3.5KN/M2 minimum.
Dead Loads: Actual weights of structures, vessels, piping,
insulation, etc.
2.1.3 Lateral Loads

All lateral loads from structures, vessels, equipment, pipes etc due to operating nature, movement, thermal
expansion, wind etc shall be considered.

Lateral forces shall be used in combination with the vertical loads determined under Item 2.1.2.

All allowable working stresses for lateral loads may be increased in accordance with applicable structural codes.

Wind loads to be in accordance with British Standards Institute Code of Practice CP-3, Chapter V, Part II, 1972.
The following data shall be considered:
a) Basic Wind Speed = 100 mph.
b) Wind Speed Factors S1 & S3 = 1.0
c) Wind Speed Factor S2 to be in accordance with CP-3, Chapter V, Part II, Table 3, using ground
roughness Type 1.
All structures must be checked for wind-induced oscillation.

Earthquake not to be considered.

2.1.4 Test Loads

Check stresses as in Item 2.1.1. All allowable working stresses may be increased as permitted by the applicable
structural code.

Test load shall consist of all dead loads under Item 2.1.2 plus weight of water to fill all vessels and other
equipment. Lateral loads shall not be included in test loading calculations.

2.1.4 Wind Load (on empty vessels)

Check overall stability. Calculate as in Item 2.1.3 with all equipment empty of liquid and packing and no other
live loads in place.

2.1.5 Stability Calculations

The factor of safety against overturning shall be at least 2.0.

2.2 STEEL STRUCTURES

2.2.1. Design shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the following:
a) BS5950: Structural Use of Steel Work in Buildings
b) BS4 & BS4848: Hot Rolled Structural steel Sections
c) BS2583: The Design & Testing of Steel Overhead Runway Beams

It is permissible to use the latest editions of the equivalent American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
codes in lieu of the British Standards listed above.

2.2.2 Pipe supports, pipe rack structures, platforms, ladders and stairways shall normally be painted. Stair & platform
gratings shall be galvanised.

Page 4 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

2.3 CONCRETE STRUCTURES

2.3.1. Design shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the following:
a) BS8110: Structural Use of Concrete
b) BS5400: Steel & Concrete Composite Bridges
c) S8007: Code of Practice for Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining Aqueous Liquids
d) British Standard Institute Code of Practice CP-114 & CP-110

It is permissible to use the latest editions of the equivalent American Concrete Institute (ACI) codes in lieu of the
British Standards listed above.

2.3.2 Concrete

Sulphate resisting cement shall be used for all concrete works below the ground level. For works above ground,
ordinary Portland cement shall be used.

All reinforced concrete structures or foundations shall be designed using concrete with one of the following 28 th
day strength:

TYPE STRENGTH REMARKS

Site mixed/ready mix concrete to be used for blinding, non

Type-1 15 N/mm2
critical pours & repairs

Type-2 (Intermediate Strength) 30 N/mm2 Ready mix concrete used for all works above ground level

Type-3 (High Strength) 45 N/mm2 Ready mix concrete used for all works below ground level

2.3.3 Reinforcement

The reinforcement bars shall be high strength deformed bars with minimum yield strength of 415 N/mm2
confirming to BS 4449 or ASTM A615, cut & bent in accordance with BS4466.

2.3.4 Reinforcement Cover

The minimum clear cover to the reinforcement shall be as follows:

a) Concrete in contact with soil & water: 75mm
b) Concrete columns above ground: 50mm
c) Concrete beams: 40mm
d) Concrete slab: 30mm

2.4 FOUNDATION DESIGN

2.4.1 Foundations shall be designed in accordance with the following:

a) CP8004: Code of Practice for Foundation
b) American Concrete Institute ACI 318.

2.4.2 The work site is generally an open area in desert environment. The soil condition varies from hard rock to thick
layer of very loose soil. In some areas, the underground water table is as high as 1.0m below ground.

2.4.3 For every location, suitable soil investigation has to be carried out to establish the soil condition and load bearing
capacity of the soil. Foundations shall be designed based on the soil investigation results.

2.4.4 The foundation shall be designed for various load combinations acting from the structure. Wherever applicable,
multi-directional forces & moments shall be considered for foundation design.

Page 5 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

2.4.5 The foundations shall be checked for safety against the allowable soil pressure, overturning and sliding. The
factor of safety against overturning & sliding shall be minimum 2.0.

2.4.6 All concrete surfaces buried underground shall be painted with two coats of bitumen paint and covered with
1000 Gauge polythene sheet before backfilling.

2.5 MATERIALS & WORKMANSHIP

The material & workmanship for the Civil & Structural works shall comply with the requirement of the
following:
a) General specification issued by relevant Bahrain Government authorities (e.g. “Standard
Specification for Building Works” issued by Public Works Affairs, Ministry of Works & Housing,
Kingdom of Bahrain)
b) Particular specification of individual projects.
c) Relevant International Standards & Practices.

3.0 PRODUCT

3.1 CRUDE OIL

Crude Oil Density 30° API (0.877 gm/ml approx)

Viscosity 20 cp @ 40°F, 5 cp @ 130°F
Reid Vapour Pressure 5-7 psi @ 100°F

3.2 ASSOCIATED WATER

Water specific gravity 1.0077

Salinity 8000-10000 ppm

3.2 KHUFF GAS (DEHYDRATED)

Khuff gas is dehydrated to not more than 7lb water per million scf. A typical analysis is given below:

CH4 Methane (mol %) 79.55

C2H6 Ethane ” 1.54
C3H8 Propane ” 0.34
C4H10 Isobutane ” 0.07
C4H10 N-Butane ” 0.11
C5H12 Isopentane ” 0.05
C5H12 N-Pentane ” 0.04
C6H14 Hexane ” 0.12
C7H16 Heptane ” ___
C8H18 Octane ” ___
H2 Hydrogen ” ___
N2 Nitrogen ” 11.72
CO2 Carbon Dioxide ” 6.40
H2S Hydrogen Sulphide ” 0.06
Dew Point of Gases °F -16.0
Indicated Gauge Pressure psig 250
Absolute Pressure psia 264.6
Partial Pressure Water Vapour psi 0.00776
Heating Value, Gross Btu/scf 855 (@60F, 1 atmosphere)
Heating Value, Net Btu/scf 771 (@60F, 1 atmosphere)
Temperature, Max °F 200 (GDU outlet)
180 (transmission system)
140 (distribution system)
Specific gravity 0.683
Molecular Weight Kg/kmol 19.8

Page 6 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

Gas contract terms are:

Gross Calorific Value Range Btu/scf 840-1100

Water Content lb/mmscf 7 (max)
H2S Content % 0.2 (max)
Base Conditions °F/psia 60/14.696

3.3 ARAB GAS

CH4 Methane (mol %) 79.1

C2H6 Ethane ” 2.7
C3H8 Propane ” 0.9
C4H10 Isobutane ” 0.1
C4H10 N-Butane ” 0.3
C5H12 Isopentane ” 0.1
C5H12 N-Pentane ” 0.1
C6H14 Hexane ” 0.2
C7H16 Heptane ” ___
C8H18 Octane ” ___
H2 Hydrogen ” ___
N2 Nitrogen ” 10.7
CO2 Carbon Dioxide ” 5.8
H2S Hydrogen Sulphide ” ___
Heating Value, Gross Btu/scf 1244
Heating Value, Net Btu/scf 1128
Temperature, Max °F ___ (GDU outlet)
Specific gravity 0.690
Molecular Weight Kg/kmol ___

3.4 RESIDUE GAS

CH4 Methane (mol %) 79.02

C2H6 Ethane ” 3.34
C3H8 Propane ” 0.45
C4H10 Isobutane ” ___
C4H10 N-Butane ” ___
C5H12 Isopentane ” ___
C5H12 N-Pentane ” ___
C6H14 Hexane ” ___
C7H16 Heptane ” ___
C8H18 Octane ” ___
H2 Hydrogen ” ___
N2 Nitrogen ” 11.21
CO2 Carbon Dioxide ” 5.92
H2S Hydrogen Sulphide ” 0.06
Dew Point of Gases °F -32.0
Indicated Gauge Pressure psig 250
Absolute Pressure psia 264.6
Partial Pressure Water Vapour psi 0.00305
Heating Value, Gross Btu/scf 868.90
Heating Value, Net Btu/scf 810
Temperature, Max °F 150
Specific gravity 0.678
Molecular Weight Kg/kmol 19.7

Page 7 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

4.0 UTILITIES

4.1 WATER

Salt (Sea) Zone B (Zallaq)

Date tested 1981
Total dissolved solids ppm 49,000 9,050
Total hardness (as Ca CO3) ppm 8,200 2,500
Permanent hardness (as Ca CO3) ppm 8,060 2,340
Temporary hardness (as Ca CO3) ppm 140 160
H2S nil nil
pH 8.1 7.1

4.2 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY

The characteristic electrical power supply as provided by the Electricity Directorate is:

a) 400 volts ±6%, 3 phase, 4 wire 50Hz ±2%

b) 230 volts ±6%, 1 phase, 2 wire 50Hz ±2%
c) Fault level: 31 MVA at 400 volts for 0.5 seconds duration

5.0 METEOROLOGICAL DATA

5.1 WIND

For wind speeds and direction for other than structural design, e.g. environmental design, refer to the wind rose
data for Muharraq Airport (Appendix A). For structural design purposes refer to section 2.2.

5.2 TIDE

For design purposes in estimating tidal activity around Bahrain, refer to the latest edition of the “Tidal Stream
Atlas” (document no. P701) published by the Hydrographic Section of the Survey Directorate. For tidal heights
and timings refer to the “Tide Tables” (document no. P700) published annually by the Hydrographic Section of
the Survey Directorate.

Tidal levels - heights in feet (metres) - based on Chart Datum

LOCATION LAT MLWS MLWN MSL MHWN MHWS HAT Obs.Yr

0.00 1.97 3.28 4.92 6.23 7.87 8.86

Mina Sulman 1976
(0.0) (0.5) (1.0) (1.5) (1.9) (2.4) (2.7)
0.33 1.97 3.28 4.59 6.23 7.55 9.19
Port of Sitra 1976
(0.1) (0.6) (1.0) (1.4) (1.9) (2.3) (2.8)
0.00 2.62 3.61 5.25 6.23 7.87 8.86
Mina Manama 1985
(0.0) (0.8) (1.1) (1.6) (1.9) (2.4) (2.7)
0.33 1.64 2.30 3.28 3.94 4.92 5.9
Budayyi 1987
(0.1) (0.5) (0.7) (1.0) (1.2) (1.5) (1.8)
0.00 0.00 0.33 0.66 0.66 0.98 -
Zallaq 1986
(0.0) (0.0) (0.1) (0.2) (0.2) (0.3) (-)
0.00 0.66 1.31 1.64 1.97 2.62 3.28
Bahrain Yacht Club 1989
(0.0) (0.2) (0.4) (0.5) (0.6) (0.8) (1.0)

Page 8 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

Notes:

HAT (Highest Astronomical Tide) & LAT (Lowest Astronomical Tide) - The highest and lowest levels
respectively, which can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions. These levels will not be
reached every year; neither are they extreme levels that may be reached.

MHWS (Mean High Water Springs) and MLWS (Mean Low Water Springs) - The height of Mean High Water
Springs is the average throughout a year when the average maximum declination of the moon is 23.5 degrees, of
the height of two successive high waters during those periods of 24 hours (Approximately once a fortnight) when
the range of tide is greatest. The height of Mean Low Water Springs is the average height attained by two
successive low waters during the same periods.

The average values for MHWS, MLWS, MHWN and MLWN vary from year to year in a cycle of approximately
18.6 years. The levels given in the table are the average values for the whole cycle.

MSL (Mean Sea Level) - Mean Sea level is the average level of the sea surface over a long period, preferably
18.6 years, or the average level which would exist in the absence of tides.

The Bahrain National Survey Datum (NSD) is defined as Mean Sea Level at Mina Sulman as derived from one
year of observations taken in 1976. At that time, Chart Datum at Mina Sulman was fixed at 4.79ft (1.46m) below
MSL. Further observations in 1986 confirmed the correctness of this derivation.

NSD = MSL = 4.79ft (1.46m) above Chart Datum at Mina Sulman

For all practical purposes, MSL is everywhere at the same level as NSD. In other words, if MSL is obtained from
a series of observations taken anywhere on the coast of Bahrain, it may be expected to equate to 0.00 feet (0.0m)
on NSD. However, the range of tide may differ from that at Mina Sulman, the Chart Datum will be fixed at a
different level with respect to Mean Sea Level.

The data are approximate only. For critical designs the designer must check the most reliable and up to date
information and its relationship to the datum level being employed.

5.3 TEMPERATURE (AT MUHARRAQ AIRPORT)

Winter

Design Dry Bulb 99% (1) 52°F

Design Dry Bulb 97½% (1) 54°F

Summer

Design Dry Bulb 1% (2) 102°F

Design Dry Bulb 2½% (2) 100°F
Design Dry Bulb 5% (2) 99°F
Design Wet Bulb 1% (2) 87°F
Design Wet Bulb 2½% (2) 86°F
Design Wet Bulb 5% (2) 85°F
Outdoor daily range (3) 29°F

Notes
(1) Winter design data - Those dry bulb temperatures that are equalled or exceeded 99% and 97½% of the time
on an average during the coldest 3 months as determined by the mean dry bulb temperature (December,
January, February).
(2) Summer Design Data - Those dry and wet bulb temperatures that are equalled or exceeded 1%, 2½% and
5% of the time on average during the warmest consecutive 4 months as determined by the mean wet bulb
temperature. (June, July, August, September)
(3) Difference between average highest temperature and average lowest temperature for warmest month.

Page 9 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

Average of highest temperature - warmest month 108°F

Average of yearly highest temperature 110°F
Average of the lowest temperature - coolest month 48°F
Average of yearly lowest temperature 47°F

Mean daily maximum wet bulb - coolest month 61°F

Mean daily maximum wet bulb - warmest month 86°F

Maximum temperature recorded 121°F

Minimum temperature recorded 32°F
Maximum metal surface temperature in direct sunlight 176°F

5.4 HUMIDITY (AT MUHARRAQ AIRPORT)

Summer Winter
Yearly range mean daily maximum R.H.% 79% 88%
Yearly range mean daily minimum R.H.% 40% 59%

5.5 PRECIPITATION (AT MUHARRAQ AIRPORT)

Highest rainfall in one day 2.55 in

Highest rain fall in one month 5.15 in
Number of rainy days per year (1mm plus) 10
Average yearly rainfall 2.75 - 3.15 in

Lightning and sandstorms must also be taken into account.

5.6 BUILDING COOLING DESIGN DATA

Offices, control rooms, laboratories, workstations and all other indoor areas normally occupied:

External Conditions 108°F D.B. 86°F W.B.

Internal Conditions 77°F D.B.

Substation and other areas not normally occupied but air-conditioned for preservation of equipment:

External Conditions 108°F D.B. 86°F W.B.

Internal Conditions 90°F D.B. or as recommended by equipment vendor.

Page 10 of 11
BES-A002 5 December, 2005
Basic Engineering Design Data

APPENDIX 1 Wind Rose Data

7 5 6

January February March

4 5 5

April May June

6 9 9

July August September

9 7 9

October November December

SCALE OF SPEEDS IN KNOTS NOTE: FIGURES INSIDE CIRCLES INDICATE SCALE OF FREQUENCIES (PERCENTAGES)
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY CALMS 0 5 10 15 20
1-10 11-21 22 or more

Page 11 of 11