University of Engineering & Technology (UET)

Taxila
Computer Communication Networks LAB

EXPERIMENT # 12: TCP/UDP exploration

Name of Student: …………………………………..

Roll No.: ……………………………………………

Date of Experiment: ………………………………..

Report submitted on: ………………………………..

Marks obtained: ……………………………………

Remarks: ……………………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: ……………………………..

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 TCP/UDP Exploration
1. Objective
This lab exercise is designed for understanding transport layer in Cisco Packet Tracer.

2. Resources Required
• Computer
• Packet Tracer (version 5 or higher)

3. Introduction
The transport layer is the layer in the open system interconnection (OSI) model responsible
for end-to-end communication over a network. It provides logical communication between
application processes running on different hosts within a layered architecture of protocols
and other network components.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet
protocol suite. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it
complemented the Internet Protocol (IP). Therefore, the entire suite is commonly referred
to as TCP/IP. TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream
of octets between applications running on hosts communicating by an IP network. Major
Internet applications such as the World Wide Web, email, remote administration, and file
transfer rely on TCP. Applications that do not require reliable data stream service may use
the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which provides a connectionless datagram service that
emphasizes reduced latency over reliability.

4. Procedure

1. Draw the given schematic in packet tracer and assign the IP addresses as mentioned in
the diagram.

2. Configure Server for HTTP service and name it as multiserver.com.

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 3. Configure DNS service of the same server and add the domain
name multiserver.com for the IP address of the server.
4. Configure FTP server SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
5. Configure mail server by adding two user logins and passwords.
6. Go to HTTP client and configure mail .
7. Now go to mail client and configure mail for the second user.
8. Examine DNS traffic as the clients communicate with the server.

 Go to DNS client and type nslookup multiserver.com explain how the packets travel
in the network?

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 Which transport layer protocol is being used by DNS server?____________

 Are these communications considered to be reliable? ___________
 Record the SRC PORT and DEST PORT values. Why is there no sequence and
acknowledgement number?________
 Close the PDU and click Capture/Forward until a PDU returns to the DNS Client with
a checkmark. Click the PDU envelope and select Inbound PDU Details. How are the
port and sequence numbers different than before? _______

9. Examine HTTP traffic as the clients communicate with the server

 Go to http client and enter the URL. Explain how the packets travel in the network?

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 Click Capture/Forward. Hold your mouse above each PDU until you find one that
originates from HTTP Client. Click the PDU envelope to open it. Click the Inbound
PDU Details tab and scroll down to the last section. 
 Which transport layer protocol is being used by HTTP server? _________
 Are these communications considered to be reliable?___________
 Record the SRC PORT, DEST PORT, SEQUENCE NUM, and ACK NUM values.
What is written in the field to the left of the WINDOW field?_________

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  Close the PDU and click Capture/Forward until a PDU returns to the HTTP Client
with a checkmark. Click the PDU envelope and select Inbound PDU Details. How are
the port and sequence numbers different than before? _______
 In the last TCP message what FIN is meant?________

10. Examine FTP traffic as the clients communicate with the server.

 Go to FTP client and enter ftp 192.168.1.254. Explain how the packet travels in the

network?
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 Click Capture/Forward. Hold your mouse above each PDU until you find one that
originates from FTP Client. Click the PDU envelope to open it. Click the Inbound
PDU Details tab and scroll down to the last section. 
 Which transport layer protocol is being used by FTP server? _________
 Are these communications considered to be reliable?___________
 Record the SRC PORT, DEST PORT, SEQUENCE NUM, and ACK NUM values.
What is written in the field to the left of the WINDOW field?_________
 Close the PDU and click Capture/Forward until a PDU returns to the FTP Client with
a checkmark. Click the PDU envelope and select Inbound PDU Details. How are the
port and sequence numbers different than before? _______

11. Examine email traffic as the clients communicate with the server

 To configure mail server, first go to email service in the multiserver.

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  Now go to the HTTP client and configure mail

 Now go to the Mail client and configure mail

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  Now compose Email from Email Client and see the email received by HTTP client.

 From the SMTP packet, analyse the format. What is the port number for SMTP traffic
is________________

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  Paste the results of the received email at http client.
12. Paste the packet formats of the following
 HTTP
 FTP
 DNS Answer and query
 TCP packet format

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 University of Engineering & Technology (UET),
Taxila
Computer Communication Networks Lab
LAB WORKSHEET (Lab # 12)
Q.1 Which port numbers are being used by HTTP, FTP, DNS and SMTP server?
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Q.2 Which of the protocols you studied are based on TCP connection and which are
based on UDP?
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Q.3 State the differences between UDP and TCP transport layer protocols?
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Q.4 Explain TCP packet format?

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