BDwbU-8: wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi †KŠkj I DcKiY

[Evaluation Technique and Elements of Corriculum]

f~wgKv
wkÿvµg Dbœqb Ges g~j¨vqb GKwU avivevwnK cÖwµqv| wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨ nj:
 wkÿvµg Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZwU avc mwVK I avivevwnKfv‡e AMÖmi n‡”Q wK bv Zv wbiƒcY K‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMvb †`Iqv Ges
 cÖPwjZ wkÿvµg mgKvjxb Rxe‡bi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y KZUzKz mnvqK A_v©r wkÿvµ‡gi mej I `ye©j w`K
wbiƒcY K‡i wkÿvµg‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx I MwZkxj ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwigvR©b ev bevq‡bi mwVK wm×všÍ
MÖnY Kiv|
wkÿvµg Dbœqb ev cwigvR©bKv‡j wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZwU av‡c †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K wkÿvµg MVbKvjxb
g~j¨vqb ev wkÿvµg wbgv©YKvjxb g~j¨vqb ejv nq| MVbg~jK g~j¨vq‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cÖ_g jÿ¨wU AwR©Z nq|
wkÿvµg Dbœq‡bi ci Ges wkÿvµg †`ke¨vcx cÖeZ©‡bi K‡qK eQi ci †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K mvgwMÖK
g~j¨vqb ejv nq| mvgwMÖK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Dc‡ii wØZxq jÿ¨wU AwR©Z nq|
AZx‡Z wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi KvRwU wew”Qbœfv‡e Kiv nZ| mv¤úªwZKKv‡j wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î
ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ Abym„Z n‡”Q| wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbvq †h me welq AZ¨šÍ cÖvmw½Kfv‡e
AšÍfy©³ n‡q _v‡K Zv ch©vqµwgKfv‡e wb‡P †`Lvb nj:
 g~j¨vqb c×wZ
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
 g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ avc ev chv©q
 g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I
 g~j¨vqb DcKiY|

Dc‡i ewY©Z welq¸‡jv‡K eZ©gvb BDwb‡U PviwU cv‡V Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q:

cvV-8.1: g~j¨vqb, wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb Ges wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi avc

cvV-8.2: wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, jÿ¨ Ges Dcv`vb
cvV-8.3: wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi g‡Wj I chv©q
cvV-8.4: wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I DcKiY
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 8.1 g~j¨vqb, wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb Ges g~j¨vq‡bi avc

[Evaluation, Curriculum Evaluation and Steps of Evaluation]

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l AvcwbÑ

 g~j¨vqb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv D`vniY mnKv‡i e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi K‡qKwU msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU msÁvi e¨vcKZv I mxgve×Zv
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ avc e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~j¨vqb Kx?
mvaviYfv‡e, g~j¨vqb kãwU ÔcwigvcÕ k‡ãi cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| GKRb wkÿK hLb
†Kvb wkÿv_x©i ÔK…wZZ¡Õ cixÿv K‡ib ZLb wZwb ej‡Z cv‡ib †h, wZwb wkÿv_x©i mvdj¨
ÔcwigvcÕ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖK…Z A‡_©, g~j¨vqb †Kej cwigv‡c mxwgZ bq| g~j¨vqb GKwU
avivevwnK cÖwµqv| wkÿv`vb Kv‡h©i cUf~wg‡Z ejv hvq †h, g~j¨vqb nj GKwU wewae× c×wZ
hvi mvnv‡h¨ wkÿv_x©iv wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b KZUv mdj n‡q‡Q Zv wbiƒcY Kiv hvq|
G msÁvi `y‡Uv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`‡Ki cÖwZ Avgv‡`i Aek¨B bRi ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖ_gZ g~j¨vqb GKwU mycwiKwíZ
c×wZ hv wkÿv_x©i AvPi‡Yi AvKw¯§K I Awbqwš¿Z ch©‡eÿY‡K cwinvi K‡i| wØZxqZ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨
wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ c~‡e©B wbiƒwcZ _v‡K| c~e© wbav©wiZ D‡Ïk¨ e¨wZ‡i‡K wkÿv_x©i wkL‡bi cÖK…wZ I cwigvY
wbiƒcY m¤¢e bq| g~j¨vq‡bi g‡a¨ wkÿv_x©i AvPi‡Yi cigvYMZ Ges ¸YMZ eY©bv‡Zv i‡q‡QB, Z`ycwi
i‡q‡Q H AvPiY KZUv evÃbxq Zvi g~j¨wePvi| G `y‡Uvi m¤úK© wbgœiƒ‡c †`Lv‡bv hvq|
g~j¨vqb = wkÿv_x©i AvPi‡Yi cwigvYMZ eY©bv (cwigvc) + g~j¨wePvi
g~j¨vqb = wkÿv_x©i AvPi‡Yi ¸YMZ eY©bv (cwigvcwenxb) + g~j¨wePvi

wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb
wkÿv e¨e¯’vi ms¯‹vi, bevqb I Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z †h †Kvb Kvh©µg GKB m‡½ H cixÿv I g~j¨vqb c×wZi
ms¯‹vi I Dbœq‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i| wkÿvµ‡g †Kvb cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q cixÿv I
g~j¨vqb c×wZi cwigvR©b| G Kvi‡YB c„w_exi me©Î wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi †h †Kvb ms¯‹vi I bevqbKv‡j
wkÿvwe`MY cixÿv I g~j¨vqb e¨e¯’vi ms¯‹v‡ii Kv‡R nvZ †`b †hb cixÿv I g~j¨vqb Kvh©µg bZzb
wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© nq| wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ wkÿvwe` wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
wewfbœ msÁv I e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|

BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 138

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wb‡P D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU msÁv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:

nv‡j©b I IqvB‡bi (1975) g‡Z wkÿvµ‡gi Dc‡hvwMZv, Kvh©KvwiZv Ges wkÿvMZ g~j¨ m¤^‡Ü wm×v‡šÍ
Avmvi Rb¨ †h Z_¨ cÖgvY cÖ‡qvRb Zv msMÖn I mieivn Kivi cÖwµqvB n‡jv wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb|
(Curriculum evaluation is the collection and provision of evidence on the basis of which
decisions can be taken about the feasibility, effectiveness and educational value of
curricula)
wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖK…wZ I cwimi m¤^‡Ü weL¨vZ wkÿvµg we‡klÁ wnjWv Zvev (1962)-Gi gšÍe¨
†_‡K wKQzUv aviYv cvIqv hvq| Zvui g‡Z Òg~j¨vqb eû cÖwµqvi eY©bv w`‡Z cv‡i Ges Gi eûwea A_©I
Av‡Q: Avgiv hLb GKwU wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z hvB ZLb Avgv‡`i bvbviKg D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i,
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z Avgiv wewfbœ †KŠkj I nvwZqvi e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi, wewfbœ †kÖwYi e¨w³eM© g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib, G‡`i g‡a¨ †KD †KD cÖkvmwbK Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³, Avevi †KD †KD wkÿvµ‡gi wkÿvMZ
Zvrch© LyuR‡Z e¨¯Í|
“The term evaluation can describe many processes and can have many meanings: We
can have many different aims in view when we set out to evaluate a curriculum and we
can employ many different techniques in doing so; it can also be conducted by many
different categories of people, some of whom will be concerned with the administrative
function, other with its educational implications”.
DwjøwLZ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv G aviYvq DcbxZ n‡Z cvwi †h, g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv wkÿvµg
cwigvR©b I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ †c‡q _vwK Ges Gi d‡j wkÿvµg cwigvR©b m¤úwK©Z `ªæZ
wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv P‡j|
wkÿvµg Dbœqb I g~j¨vq‡bi Abym„Z ˆeÁvwbK c×wZi cÖavb cÖavb avc nj:
 wkÿvµg Dbœqb I g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv g~j¨vqb
 wkÿvi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ wbav©i‡Yi ci g~j¨vqb
 welqe¯‘ wbev©P‡bi c×wZ g~j¨vqb
 wkLb mvgMÖx cÖYqb, Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB (hyw³wm× g~j¨vqb) I ms‡kvab
 wkLb mvgMÖx wbev©wPZ we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡qvM K‡i (gvV chv©‡q) Dc‡hvwMZv g~j¨vqb
 †`ke¨vcx ev¯ÍevqbKv‡j g~j¨vqb
 `xN© mgqe¨vcx e¨envi Dc‡hvMx ivLvi Rb¨ ¸YMZgvb wbqš¿Y

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 139

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb - 8.1

eû wbev©Pbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© nv‡j©b I IqvBb Kx gZ †cvlY K‡ib?
K. cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cÖgvY msMÖn
L. wkÿK‡`i AwfgZ msMÖn
M. wkÿv_x©‡`i AwfgZ msMÖn
N. gvV chv©‡q cÖ‡qvM I cixÿY

2. g~j¨vqb †KvbwU‡K cwinvi K‡i?

K. we‡klÁ‡`i cÖ`Ë AwfgZ
L. †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿK‡`i cvV`v‡b e¨_©Zv
M. Awbqwš¿Z I AvKw¯§K ch©‡eÿY
N. c~e© wbav©wiZ D‡Ïk¨ wfwËK wkLb mvdj¨ wbiƒcY

3. wkÿvµ‡g ¸YMZgvb wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

K. †`ke¨vcx mdjfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv
L. `xN©Kvj a‡i e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx ivLv
M. wkÿK‡`i wkÿv`v‡bi DrKl© e„w× Kiv
N. we`¨vjq I mgv‡Ri cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© DbœZ Kiv

mwVK DËi: 1. K, 2. M, 3. L|

mswÿß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1. g~j¨vqb Kx? D`vniYmn wjLyb|
2. g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Kx? cÖm½Z wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wbiƒcY Kiæb|
3. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖK„wZ I cwimi m¤ú‡K© wnjWv Zvevi AwfgZ Kx? Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
4. wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© wnjWv Zvevi gZvgZ D‡jøL Kiæb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi aviYv, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I avc¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 140

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 8.2 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, jÿ¨, Dcv`vb Ges wewfbœ w`K
[Needs, Objectives and Elements of Evaluation]

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l AvcwbÑ

 g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi wek` weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµ‡gi †Kvb †Kvb Dcv`vb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 wkÿvµg †Kvb †Kvb w`K †_‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

GKwU wkÿvµg `xN©Kvj a‡i Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| wkÿvµg nj GKwU MwZkxj cÖwµqv| †Kvb
†`‡ki Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b NU‡j ev cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ A_ev cÖPwjZ wkÿvµg mg‡qi
Pvwn`v c~i‡Y e¨_© n‡j Zv‡K mPj ivLvi Rb¨ Z‡_¨i Pvwn`v c~i‡Y mg_© Kivi Rb¨ wkÿvµg
g~j¨vqb K‡i bevqb Ki‡Z nq| g~j¨vqb bv K‡i wkÿvµg cwieZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv wVK
bq| G Kvi‡Y wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z wM‡q wbgœewY©Z w`K¸‡jvi Ici mhZœ `„wó w`‡Z nq:
 GKwU RvwZi wkï, wK‡kvi I ZiæY‡`i M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ cÖPwjZ ev cÖ¯ÍvweZ wkÿvµg KZUv
Dc‡hvMx †m m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv|
 cÖ¯ÍvweZ/cÖPwjZ wkÿvµ‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©iv fwel¨r Rxe‡bi gy‡LvgywL nIqvi Rb¨ KZUyKz cÖ¯‘wZ
MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zv Rvbv|
 wkÿKMY cÖ¯ÍvweZ wkÿvµg wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ ev¯Íevq‡b KZUv mg_© n‡eb †m m¤ú‡K© mwVK Z_¨ msMÖn
Kiv Ges Kxfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡j wkÿv_x©iv cy‡ivcywi wkL‡Z cvi‡e Zv
Rvbv|
 wkÿv-e¨e¯’vcK, cÖkvmK, cwi`k©K, ZË¡veavqK Ges wkÿK cÖwkÿK †Kvb c×wZ I cÖwµqv AbymiY
Ki‡j wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z n‡e †m wel‡q wb‡`©kbv jvf|
 wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b Kx cwigvY A_© e¨q n‡Z cv‡i Ges G e¨q jvfRbK n‡e wKbv Zv Rvbv|
 cÖ¯ÍvweZ wkÿvµg wkÿv_x©, AwffveK I mgv‡Ri mKj gvby‡li Pvwn`v KZUv cwic~Y© Ki‡Z mg_© Zv
Rvbv Ges wkÿvµg‡K mPj ivLvi Rb¨ Kx Kx bZzb welq ms‡hvRb Kiv `iKvi Zv kbv³ Kiv|
 †`‡ki Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð, we‡kl K‡i †`‡ki gvbe m¤ú` e¨env‡i wkÿvµ‡gi Dc‡hvwMZv wbiƒcY Kiv|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 141

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

DcwiD³ Z‡_¨i gva¨‡g wkÿvµg cwiKíbvKvix Ges g~j¨vqbKvixMY wb‡gœv³ w`‡K wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z
cv‡ib:
 wkÿvµg bevq‡bi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb
 wkLb mvgMÖx I DcKiY cwigvR©‡bi c×wZ I ms‡hvM mwÜ (plug point) wbiƒcY
 wkÿv e¨e¯’vcbv, cÖkvmb, cwi`k©b, ZË¡veavb, wkÿK cÖwkÿY m¤ú‡K© bxwZ c×wZ wbiƒcY
 wkÿvµg we¯ÍiY Kvh©µg cÖYqb
 wkÿK, cÖwkÿK, wkÿv mswkøó Kg©KZv©M‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eÈb

wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨

wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖavb jÿ¨ n‡”Q:
 wkÿv e¨e¯’vi mvgwMÖK DbœwZ mvab Kiv
 wkÿvµg ev¯Íevqb I wkÿv e¨e¯’vi mgm¨v kbv³ Kiv
 wkÿv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi bZzb Dcvq ev †KŠkj D™¢veb Kiv
 wkÿv cÖkvmK, e¨e¯’vcK I wkÿKe„‡›`i Kvh©ÿgZv e„w× Kiv hv‡Z K‡i Zvuiv cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b
Avbq‡bi cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib
 m‡ev©cwi wkÿv e¨e¯’vi mvgwMÖK cwieZ©b Avbqb K‡i †`‡ki RbMY‡K gvbe m¤ú` wn‡m‡e M‡o
†Zvjvi wfwË f~wg iPbv K‡i RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi ¸YMZgvb DbœxZ Kiv

wkÿvµ‡gi †Kvb †Kvb Dcv`vb g~j¨vqb Kiv nq

wkÿvµ‡gi mKj Dcv`vb A_v©r m¤ú~Y© wkÿvµgB g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨ n‡”Q cÖPwjZ
wkÿvµ‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv hvPvB Kiv| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, Avgv‡`i †`‡k †Kvb wkÿv ¯Í‡ii P~ovšÍ cixÿvq
wkÿv_x© mdjZv ev wedjZvi wbwi‡L †`‡ki wkÿv e¨e¯’v I Gi wkÿvµ‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv wePvi Kiv nq|
Avgv‡`i cÖPwjZ cixÿv c×wZ‡Z †Kej wkÿv_x©i AwR©Z Áv‡bi GKwU ÿz`ª Ask we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Avi
ZviB wfwˇZ mvgwMÖK cwieZ©‡bi wm×všÍ †bIqv nq| GwU †Kvbµ‡gB Kvg¨ bq|
wkÿvµg‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡j Gi mKj Dcv`vb †hgbÑ D‡Ïk¨, welqe¯‘, wkÿv_x©i we`¨vj‡q
Ae¯’vbKvj, wkÿ‡Ki †hvM¨Zv I cÖ¯‘wZ, ˆ`wbK Kvh©fvi, we`¨vj‡qi †fŠZ my‡hvM myweav, we`¨vjq cÖkvmb,
e¨e¯’vcbv, wkÿvi cwi‡ek, we`¨vj‡qi evB‡i RbRxeb I RxebaviY †KŠkj, ivóªxq ixwZbxwZ, m‡ev©cwi
cixÿv, cwigvc I g~j¨vqb c×wZ mewKQyi g~j¨vqb Kiv `iKvi nq| Z‡e KLbI KLbI Gi `yB GKwU
Dcv`vb g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| Giƒc g~j¨vq‡bi KviY n‡”Q, Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y mg_© i‡q‡Q A_v©r
Kvh©KvwiZv nvivq wb| †h me Dcv`vb g~j¨vq‡bi AvIZvf~³ n‡Z cv‡i Zv nj: wkLb mvgMÖx, wkÿvµg
cwiwPwZ I we¯ÍiY, wkÿK cÖwkÿY BZ¨vw`| Avevi KLbI GKwU Dcv`v‡bi wewfbœ w`K †hgbÑ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki
cVb‡hvM¨Zv, fvlvi KvwVb¨, e¨vL¨vi my¯úóZv, Abykxjbxi chv©ßZv BZ¨vw` g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| KLbI KLbI
wkÿvµ‡gi we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y© w`K: †hgbÑ cvV`vb Kvj I †kÖwY wkÿv`vb e¨e¯’vq wkÿvµ‡gi †hŠw³KZv,
Kvh©KvwiZv BZ¨vw` g~j¨vqb K‡i †`Lv nq|
BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 142
¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wkÿvµg Dbœq‡b g~j¨vqb GKwU Avewk¨K cÖwµqv| g~j¨vqb GKwU mycwiKwíZ I avivevwnK e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e
M„nxZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| eZ©gv‡b wkÿvµgwe`MY bvbv w`K g~j¨vqb K‡i wkÿvµ‡gi GKwU ˆeÁvwbK wfwË
wbgvY© K‡i _v‡Kb| wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z wM‡q Zviv wb‡Pi w`K¸‡jvi cÖwZ jÿ iv‡Lb:
 wkÿvµ‡gi ¯Íi wefvM: †hgbÑ cÖv_wgK, wbgœ gva¨wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿvµg|
 wkÿvµ‡gi we‡kl w`K wPwýZKiY: G w`K¸‡jvi cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| †hgbÑ
cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Kvh©KvwiZv, wkLb-†kLv‡bvi KvR BZ¨vw`|
 mwVK Z_¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ wewfbœ Drm wbiƒcY: †hgbÑ wkÿvwe`, welq we‡klÁ, wkÿK I wkÿv_x© BZ¨vw`
`‡ji gZvgZ MÖnY|
 cwigvYMZ I ¸YMZ Z_¨ wbiƒcY: QvÎ-wkÿK AbycvZ, we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’vbKvj, wkÿ‡Ki wkÿv I
cÖwkÿY BZ¨vw`|
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi mgqKvj: KZ mgq a‡i g~j¨vq‡bi KvR Pj‡e Ges G Kv‡Ri aviv Kxiƒc n‡e|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 143

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb - 8.2

eû wbev©Pbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. wkÿvµg m¤^Üxq †Kvb Kvh©wU myôz bv n‡j mKj Av‡qvRb e¨_© nq?
K. wkÿvµg cwiKíbvi iƒc‡iLv
L. wkLb mvgMÖx cÖYqb
M. we`¨vj‡qi †fŠZ myweavewj
N. wkÿvµg we¯ÍiY
2. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖavb jÿ¨ Kx?
K. wkÿv e¨e¯’vi mvgwMÖK DbœwZ weavb
L. wkÿv e¨e¯’vi mgm¨v kbv³ Kiv
M. wkÿvi GKÑGKwU Dcv`v‡bi wewfbœ w`K hvPvB Kiv
N. †`‡ki RbMY‡K Rbm¤ú‡` cwiYZ Kiv

mwVK DËi: 1. N, 2. K|

mswÿß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b †Kvb †Kvb w`K m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq?
2. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨ Kx Kx?
3. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b †Kvb †Kvb Dcv`vb g~j¨vq‡bi Ici †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv g~j¨vqb Kiæb| Gi gva¨‡g †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î wm×všÍ †bIqv m¤¢e
nq?

BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 144

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 8.3 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi g‡Wj I g~j¨vq‡bi chv©q

[Curriculum Evaluation Model and Stages]

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l AvcwbÑ

 K‡qKRb L¨vZbvgv wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb we‡kl‡Ái bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi L¨vZbvgv wZbwU g‡W‡ji ˆewkó¨ wee„Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb chv©q¸‡jv wek` eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkÿvµg Dbœqb I g~j¨vqb g‡Wj

wkÿvµg Dbœq‡b †h mKj †mvcvb I c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq, wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bI we‡kl we‡kl
†ÿÎ Qvov †gvUvgywUfv‡e †m mKj †mvcvb I c×wZ Abym„Z nq| wkÿvµg we‡klÁMY wkÿvµg
Dbœq‡b I g~j¨vq‡b †h mKj wkÿvµg g‡Wj e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU g‡Wj
avivevwnKfv‡e ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
÷vdjweg g‡Wj
cÖL¨vZ wkÿvµg we‡klÁ wW. ÷vdjweg (1971) wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi PviwU †ÿÎ wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| Zvui
g‡Z, GB PviwU †ÿÎ g~j¨vqb Ki‡j Avgiv †h Pvi ai‡bi DcvË cve Zvi wfwˇZ Pvi iKg wm×všÍ MÖnY
mnRZi n‡e| GB †ÿθ‡jv n‡”Q:
 cwiw¯’wZ I cwi‡ek g~j¨vqbÑ mvgwMÖK cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b mnvqK|
 we‡kl we‡kl Dcv`v‡bi g~j¨vqbÑ Kx Kx w`K ¸iæZ¡ cv‡e Zv wbav©iY Kivi Kv‡R mnvqK|
 cÖwµqv g~j¨vqbÑ ev¯Íevqb welqK wm×v‡šÍi mnvqK|
 Drcv`b g~j¨vqbÑ wkÿvµg bevqb Ki‡Z n‡e wK bv, †m m¤^‡Ü wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mnvqK|
µbe¨vK g‡Wj
weL¨vZ g~j¨vqb we‡klÁ I g‡bvweÁvbx jx. †R. µbevK (1986) wkÿvµg I Rxebe¨vcx wkÿv bvgK MÖ‡š’
wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi wZbwU w`K D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv n‡jv:
 †kLvi welqe¯‘ I wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi Dbœqb|
 wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ hviv Av‡Qb Zv‡`i Dbœqb|
 bZzb wkÿvµ‡gi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i msMwVZ Kiv|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 145

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†÷BK g‡Wj
wkÿvµg we‡klÁ †÷BK wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi wØgyLx aviv D™¢veb K‡ib| wZwb 1970 mv‡j wkÿvµg
g~j¨vq‡bi GB g‡Wj cÖKvk K‡ib| †÷BK g‡W‡j wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b Djø¤^ I Avbyf~wgK G `yBwU w`‡Ki
cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K wZbwU fv‡M †hgbÑ cwiKíbv MÖnY c~e© Ae¯’v, cwiKíbv ev¯ÍevqbKvjxb Ae¯’v Ges ev¯Íevqb
†kl Ae¯’vq fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †÷BK g‡W‡ji bKkvwU wb‡P Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:

chv©q Kvw•ÿZ Ae¯’v ev¯Íe Ae¯’v

cwiKíbv MÖnY c~e© cwiKíbv MÖnY c~‡e© Kx Ae¯’v cwiKíbv MÖnY c~‡e© ev¯Í‡e
Ae¯’v Avkv Kiv n‡qwQj Kx Ae¯’v wQj

ev¯Íevq‡bi mg‡qi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi mgq cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi mgq

Ae¯’v Kx Ae¯’v Avkv Kiv n‡qwQj Kx Ae¯’v ev¯Í‡e wQj

ev¯Íevq‡bi †kl djvdj †Kgb Avkv Kiv djvdj ev¯Í‡e †Kgb

chv©‡qi Ae¯’v n‡qwQj cvIqv †M‡Q

†÷BK g‡W‡ji cÖ_g av‡c Dfq cÖKv‡ii (Kvw•ÿZ I ev¯Í‡e hv wQj) g~j¨vq‡bi ci wØZxq av‡ci
g~j¨vq‡bi KvR µgvMZ Pj‡Z _v‡K †kl av‡c †cŠuQvi c~e© ch©šÍ| †kl av‡ci djvdj cÖvwßi ci cybivq
Gi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq|
Dc‡ii bKkvq GB wZb av‡ci g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖwµqv‡K `yBfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †÷BK g‡Wj
Abymi‡Y wkÿvµg Dbœqb I g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡j wkÿvµ‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv ZvrÿwYKfv‡e aiv c‡o Ges
cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvab K‡i †bIqvi my‡hvM cvIqv hvq|

wkÿvµg Dbœqb ev MVb chv©‡q g~j¨vqb

wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb `ywU chv©‡q Ki‡Z nq| wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi chv©q `ywU nj:
 wkÿvµg Dbœqb ev MVb chv©‡q g~j¨vqb Ges
 ev¯Íevqb chv©‡q g~j¨vqb|
wb‡P avivevwnKfv‡e chv©q `ywU eY©bv Kiv nj:
wkÿvµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv GKwU `xN©‡gqv`x Kg©aviv| we‡k¦ eû wkÿvµg Dbœqb †K‡›`ª wkÿvµg Dbœqb I
ev¯Íevqb Kg©KvÐ eQi a‡i P‡j| wkÿvµ‡gi Dbœqb Kvh©µg‡K QqwU ¯Í‡i fvM Kiv nq|

BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 146

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wb‡Pi Q‡K wkÿvµg Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ chv©‡q Dbœqbg~jK I g~j¨vqb welqK Kv‡Ri weeiY †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
wkÿvµg Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii KvR I g~j¨vq‡bi f~wgKv:
¯Íi Dbœq‡bi f~wgKv g~j¨vq‡bi f~wgKv
1. wkÿvi mvaviY mvaviY jÿ¨ Ges we`¨vj‡qi Abya¨vb: wbYx©Z jÿ¨ wK mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, A_©‰bwZK,
jÿ¨ w¯’i Kiv KvVv‡gv I MVb wel‡q wm×všÍ| e¨w³i Pvwn`v c~i‡Y mÿg? wkÿvi wewfbœ Dcv`‡bi K_v
wK we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? eZ©gvb mvd‡j¨i ¯Íi Kg©m~wP
ev¯Íevq‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv|
2. cwiKíbv Kiv wel‡qi ZvwjKv ˆZwi, welqe¯‘ w¯’i welqe¯‘i Dchy³Zv wePvi, D‡Ï‡k¨i m‡½ wel‡qi ZvwjKv
Kiv, Lmov wkLb mvgMÖx ˆZwi Ges welqe¯‘ mvgÄm¨c~Y© wK? D‡Ïk¨, welqe¯‘, †KŠkj
Kiv| h‡_ó wK?
3. ¯^íKv‡i cixÿv †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM K‡i gwbUwis Gi bgybv wbev©Pb K‡i wewfbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM
wbixÿv Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB Kiv| welqe¯‘i K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv| ch©‡eÿY, hyw³i wfwˇZ g~j¨
ms‡kvab ev cybwe©b¨vm| wePvi, wkÿK‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv wkÿv_x©‡`i ˆZwi
Drcv`vb BZ¨vw`|
4. gvV cixÿY †QvU cvV ms‡kvab I cybwe©b¨vm bgybv wbev©Pb K‡i e¨vcK Av‡qvRb I wewfbœ Ae¯’vq
wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cixÿv wbixÿvi gva¨‡g wkÿvµ‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv wbav©iY
cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© I Ae¯’v wbiƒcY| Kiv|
5. ev¯Íevqb wkÿK cÖwkÿY, KvR, cixÿv wkÿvµ‡gi P~ovšÍ AvKvi cixÿv Kiv| wm‡÷g wjs‡Ki
e¨e¯’v I c×wZ, cwi`k©K I Kvh©`ÿZv m¤^‡Ü Z_¨ cÖgvY, wkÿK cÖwkÿY wm‡÷‡gi
ZË¡veavqK‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM| Kvh©KvwiZv m¤^‡Ü Z_¨ cÖgvY msMÖn|
6. gvb wbqš¿Y ev¯Íevqb Kiv, wØZxq chv©‡qi ev¯Íevq‡bi gvb cixÿv Kiv| bvbvwea cixÿY cÖwµqv
Kvh©µg cwiKíbv, wkÿvµ‡gi cÖ‡qvM K‡i Drcv`b d‡ji gvb wbav©iY Kiv| Kg©`ÿZvi
Kvh©KvwiZv hvPvB K‡i gvb wbqš¿Y cwieZ©b nIqvi KviY Abyaveb Kiv, cÖ‡qvRbxq
Kiv| wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v mycvwik Kiv|

wkÿvµg ¸YMZ gvb wbqš¿Y

GKwU wkÿvµg mdjZvi mv‡_ cÖewZ©Z n‡jI mg‡qi e¨eav‡b GwUi gvb K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i ev GwU
Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i| G iKg Ae¯’v hv‡Z bv nq, †m Rb¨ ¯’vqx I wbqwgZ AbymviK KvR I
gvb wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| AbymviK KvR I gvb wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h KLb
wkÿvµ‡gi Ask we‡kl ev cy‡iv wkÿvµg cwieZ©b I evwZj Ki‡Z n‡e| G iKg e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g msM„nxZ
Z_¨ GKwU cyiv‡bv wkÿvµg AvaywbKxKiY ev GKwU bZzb wkÿvµg cwiKíbv I wWRvBb Kivi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Avgv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 147

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb - 8.3

eû wbev©Pbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. †KvbwU ev¯Íevqb welqK wm×v‡šÍi Rb¨ mnvqK?
K. cwiw¯’wZ g~j¨vqb
L. Dcv`vb g~j¨vqb
M. cÖwµqv g~j¨vqb
N. Drcv`b g~j¨vqb

2. †÷BK g‡W‡ji gva¨‡g †KvbwU ZvrÿwYKfv‡e kbv³ Kiv hvq?

K. welqe¯‘
L. e¨e¯’vcbv
M. ev¯Íevqb
N. Kvh©KvwiZv

3. †÷BK wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb‡K KqwU fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb?

K. 3wU
L. 4wU
M. 6wU
N. 8wU

mwVK DËi: 1. M, 2. N, 3. K|

mswÿß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1. wkÿvµg Dbœq‡bi ÷vdjweg g‡WjwU eY©bv Kiæb|
2. µbe¨vK wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b †Kvb w`K¸‡jvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb?
3. wkÿvµ‡gi ¸YMZ gvb wbqš¿Y Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx?
4. wkÿvµg Dbœqb chv©‡qi †Kvb †Kvb w`K g~j¨vqb Kiv nq?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. wkÿvµg Dbœqb I g~j¨vqb †÷BK g‡Wj e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2. wkÿvµ‡gi ¸YMZ gvb wbqš¿Y Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx?

BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 148

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 8.4 wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I DcKiY

[Curriculum Evaluation Techniques and Elements]

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b we‡kl‡Ái AwfgZ MÖnY †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 we‡klÁ †Kvb †KŠk‡j wbev©Pb Ki‡Z nq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 †Kvb we‡klÁ wkÿvµ‡gi †Kvb w`K m¤ú‡K© AwfgZ cÖ`vb K‡i Zv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 we‡klÁM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K †Kvb DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e AwfgZ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq Zv wee„Z Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb Ges
 †gŠwLK I wjwLZ cÖkœ Kxfv‡e cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb †KŠkj

wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b eZ©gv‡b †h me †KŠkj e¨eüZ n‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ I eûj cÖPwjZ
K‡qKwU †KŠkj wb‡P ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ MÖnY
wkÿvµg Dbœqb I g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ chv©‡q we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi `iKvi nq| GB gZvg‡Zi Dci
wfwË K‡i wkÿvµg g~j¨vqbKvix h_vh_ wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| †Kvb GKK e¨w³‡K g~j¨vq‡bi me
wel‡qi we‡kl Áv‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| G Kvi‡Y wkÿK, welq we‡klÁ, g‡bvweÁvbx, mgvR
weÁvbx, wkÿK cÖwkÿK, wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb we‡klÁ, wkÿv e¨e¯’vcK I cÖkvmK, AwffveK Ges wkÿv
m‡PZb bvMwiK wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b wb‡gœv³ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z we‡klÁM‡Yi gZvgZ MÖnY AZ¨vek¨K|
 hLb `xN©Kvje¨vcx gvV chv©‡q cixÿv-wbixÿv Kivi mgq cvIqv hvq bv, welqwU bZzb weavq wkLb
mvgMÖx iPbv Ki‡Z `xN© mgq e¨q n‡q †M‡Q A_ev cixÿv-wbixÿvi Rb¨ wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Y wej¤^ nIqvi
Kvi‡Y we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv nq|
 mgq, A_©, kÖg jvN‡ei Rb¨ we‡klÁM‡Yi gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv nq|
 we‡klÁ wbev©Pb
we‡klÁ n‡jb Ggb e¨w³ whwb we‡kl †ÿ‡Î Mfxi Áv‡bi AwaKvix Ges D”P `ÿZvm¤úbœ| wkÿvµg
g~j¨vq‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi we‡kl‡Ái mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ g~j¨vq‡b `vk©wbK, mgvR
weÁvbx, g‡bvweÁvbx, wkÿvµg I g~j¨vqb we‡klÁ, wkÿv e¨e¯’vcK I ZË¡veavq‡Ki gZvg‡Zi Dci AwaK
¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv DwPZ|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 149

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

welqe¯‘ I wkLb mvgMÖx g~j¨vq‡bÑ wel‡qi weï×Zv m¤ú‡K© welq we‡klÁ, wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Ki
gZvgZ
 we‡klÁ wbev©Pb
wkLb mvgMÖxÑ wkÿv_x©i eqm, MÖnY ÿgZv, KvwVb¨Zvi gvb BZ¨vw` hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ g‡bvweÁvbxi gZvgZ;
mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v c~iY BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© mgvRweÁvbx, AwffveK I wkÿv m‡PZb bvMwi‡Ki gZvgZ wkLb;
mvgMÖx Abvqv‡m cvV`vb Kiv hv‡e wK bv †m m¤ú‡K© wkÿK cÖwkÿK I AwfÁ †kÖwY wkÿ‡Ki gZvgZ MÖnY
Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ wkÿvµg we‡klÁ wbev©P‡b Zvi `ÿZv I AwfÁZvi Dci AwaKZi ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv nq|
GZ`m‡Ë¡I wkÿv g‡bvweÁvbx eøy‡gi g‡Z Òwkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b we‡klÁ wbev©Pb Kiv GKwU RwUj KvR|
KviY welq we‡kl‡Ái †Kej wel‡qi cvwÐZ¨ _vK‡jB Pj‡e bv, †m mv‡_ welq cvV`vb †KŠk‡jI cvi`kx©
n‡Z n‡e| GQvov welq we‡klÁMY AwaKvsk mgq D™¢zZ mgm¨v‡K wbR wel‡qi Avw½‡K wePvi K‡ib gvÎ,
mvgwMÖK cUf~wg‡Z bq| wkÿvµg g~j¨vqb we‡klÁ wbev©Pb †ckvMZ DrKl©B wePv‡ii gvb`Ð wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv mgxPxb|
wbi‡cÿ we‡klÁ wbev©Pb GKwU KwVb mgm¨v| KviY †Kvb we‡klÁB wbi‡cÿ bq| Zvi wbR¯^ Avkv
AvKv•ÿv, wek¦vm, ¯^cœ, Avkv-wbivkv, cQ›` BZ¨vw`‡Z †Kvb bv †Kvb cÿcvwZZ¡ †`Lv hvq| G Rb¨ wkÿvµg
g~j¨vq‡bi c‡ÿ I wec‡ÿ gZvgZ cÖ`vbKvix we‡klÁM‡Yi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i wkÿvµg
g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i KZ¸‡jv MÖnY‡hvM¨ mvaviY bxwZ D™¢veb Kiv nq Ges G bxwZi wbwi‡L
we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ †_‡K mwVK w`KwU †e‡Q †bIqv nq|
 we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi Dcvq
wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ †gŠwLK ev wjwLZfv‡e KZK¸‡jv avivevwnK cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g msMÖn
Kiv nq| DËi`vZvM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K GKKfv‡e Ges `jMZfv‡e PviwU Dcv‡q Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hvq|
1) e¨w³MZ mvÿvrKvi
we‡kÁM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© mivmwi Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni mnR Dcvq mvÿvrKvi| Giƒc mvÿvrKvi
gy³ ev e× cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g MÖnY Kiv hvq| wkÿvµ‡gi †Kvb mywbw`©ó †ÿ‡Î Giƒc mvÿvrKvi wb‡q wel‡qi
Mfx‡i hvIqv hvq| e× cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g M„nxZ mvÿvrKv‡ii myweav nj GB †h, GKB wel‡q A‡bK we‡kl‡Ái
gZvgZ cvIqv hvq Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡bi GKwU mywbw`©ó wb‡`©kbv cvIqv hvq| gy³ cÖ‡kœi mvÿvrKv‡ii
gva¨‡g mgm¨vi eûw`K m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv hvq| e× cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g mvÿvrKv‡i Zv Kiv hvq bv| wb‡P
†gŠwLK mvÿvrKv‡ii Rb¨ e× I gy³ cÖ‡kœi bgybv †`Iqv nj:
2) e× cÖ‡kœi bgybv
Ôwkÿv_x©i m„RbkxjZv weKv‡k mnvqZv KivÕÑ †KvbwU GB D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ ejybÑ
 †`k‡K Rvbv I fvjevmv
 R¨vwgwZK AvKvi iPbv
 wkíKjv PPv©

BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 150

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

Ôcvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZv Ges mK‡ji cÖwZ kÖ×vi g‡bvfve m„wó KivÕÑ Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ †hvM¨Zv †KvbwU
ejyb?
 bvix cyiæl, abx-wba©b, †ckv I Rxeb avivi ˆewPΨ wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 mKj agv©ej¤^xi cÖwZ m¤§vb I mnbkxjZv cÖKvk Kiv|
 Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni mvg_¨© AR©b Kiv|
 m¤ú‡`i AcPq cwinvi Kiv|
3) gy³ cÖ‡kœi bgybv
 wkÿv_x©i m„RbkxjZv weKv‡k mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ we`¨vjq Kx Kx Kvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i?
 wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv I mK‡ji cÖwZ kÖ×vi g‡bvfve m„wó‡Z we`¨vj‡q Kx Kx Kvh©µg Av‡qvRb
Kiv Avek¨K?
4) kÖeY
kÖeY n‡”Q e¨w³MZ mvÿvrKv‡ii GKwU AwaKZi AvbyôvwbK †KŠkj| wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi Kv‡R wbhy³
`j‡bZv wewfbœ jÿ¨ `‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v
K‡ib| AZtci wZwb wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mgm¨v¸‡jv chv©qµ‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| cÖ_‡g e¨w³MZ
gZvgZ MÖnY Ges c‡i `jMZfv‡e HK¨g‡Zi wfwˇZ P~ovšÍ wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| wkÿvm~wP g~j¨vq‡b kÖeY
GKwU †KŠkj hv we‡kl Dc‡hvMx e‡j wkÿvµg we‡klÁMY AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡ib| g~j¨vq‡bi cÖavb
mgm¨v‡K we‡klÁM‡Yi Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ avivevwnKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq Ges †m¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv mfv
Av‡qvR‡bi c~‡e©B `j‡bZv `‡ji m`m¨‡`i mnvqZvq wbiƒcY K‡i _v‡Kb|
cÖfveKvix `j
wkÿvµg ms¯‹vi I g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© cÖfve I Pvc m„wó K‡i Ggb `‡ji f~wgKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
wkÿvµg ms¯‹vi I g~j¨vqbKvix ms¯’v Gme `‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡`i mv‡_ wkÿvµ‡gi wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K©
wbqwgZ Av‡jvPbv mfv K‡i HK¨g‡Z¨ DcbxZ n‡Z cv‡ib| ivR‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Gfv‡e cÖfveKvix
`‡ji wbKU †_‡K wkÿv Dbœqb, cwigvR©b, g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw`‡Z mg_©b jvf Kiv nq|
KZ©e¨ K‡g© wkw_jZv †_‡K wb®‹…wZ jv‡fi Dcvq
wkÿvµg g~j¨vqbKvix `‡ji †h †Kvb cÖKvi ÎæwU ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ †h e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq Zv‡K KZ©e¨ K‡g©
wkw_jZv †_‡K wb®‹…wZ jv‡fi Dcvq ejv nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc D‡jøL¨ †h, wkÿvµg Dbœqb I g~j¨vqbKvix `j
†h me wjwLZ DcKiY †hgbÑ D‡Ï‡k¨i ZvwjKv, wkÿvm~wP, wkLb mvgMÖx, cvV`vb c×wZ, wkÿv mnvqK
DcKiY, g~j¨vqb nvwZqvi, wkÿvµg ev¯Íevqb Kvh©µg BZ¨vw` P~ovšÍfv‡e MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK
`j, wkÿK ms¯’v, wkÿK cÖwkÿY Bbw÷wUDU, wkÿv m¤úªmviY ms¯’v, wkÿv †evW©, †emiKvix ms¯’v KZ…©K
Gme m¤ú‡K© MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv AvnŸvb Kiv nq| GB †KŠkj wkÿvµg g~j¨vqbKvix ms¯’v‡K
GZ`welqK mgv‡jvPbv †_‡K eûjvs‡k iÿv K‡i _v‡K| MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨
AwfgZ cÖ`vb QK ev gZvgZ cÖkœgvjv e¨envi Kiv nq| wb‡P AwfgZ cÖ`vb Q‡Ki GKwU bgybv †`Iqv nj:

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 151

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AwfgZ cÖ`vb QK
 Avcwb wK †Kvb D‡Ïk¨mg~n ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z Pvb? n¨vu/bv (DËi n¨vu n‡j Avcbvi gbtcyZ D‡Ïk¨ D‡jøL
Kiæb:Ñ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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 Avcwb wK †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ ev` w`‡Z Pvb? n¨vu/bv (DËi n¨vu n‡j wb‡P G¸‡jvi µwgK b¤^i wjLyb): ------
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 Avcwb wK †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ cwigvR©b Ki‡Z Pvb? n¨vu/bv (DËi n¨vu n‡j †mwUi µwgK b¤^i D‡jøLc~e©K
Avcwb †hfv‡e wjL‡Z Pvb Zv wb‡P wjLyb: --------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
wjwLZ cÖ‡kœvËwiKv
wkÿvµg Dbœq‡b I g~j¨vq‡b we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi mvaviY Dcvq nj wjwLZ cÖ‡kœvËwiKv|
cÖ‡kœvËwiKvq wewfbœ ai‡bi e× I gy³ cÖkœ AšÍfy©³ Kiv hvq| wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ chv©q †h me
cÖ‡kœvËwiKv e¨eüZ nq Zv‡`i `yB GKwU K‡i bgybv wb‡P avivevwnKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:
D‡Ïk¨ g~j¨vqb welqK cÖ‡kœvËwiKv
wbYv©qK wkÿvi j‡ÿ¨i mv‡_ mywbw`©ófv‡e h_vh_ I AR©b D”PZi wkÿv jvf
D‡Ïk¨ m¤úK©hy³ m¤úK©hy³ bq wee„Z wee„Z bq †hvM¨ †hvM¨ bq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq
†`k †cÖ‡gi
†PZbvq DØy×
K‡i †Zvjv
wkÿv_x©‡K evwÃZ
mvgvwRK AvPiY
AR©‡b mnvqZv
Kiv

wb‡Pi Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi AwfgZ wUK () wPý w`‡q wb‡`©k Kiæb|
wbYv©qK Ávb AR©b AbymÜvb cÖ‡qvM cÖwµqv `„wó m¤úwK©Z `ÿZv AR©b
D‡Ïk¨ m¤úwK©Z m¤úwK©Z m¤úwK©Z m¤úwK©Z
wbR cwi‡ek‡K
Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z
wkÿv_x©‡K mnvqZv
Kiv|
Rxeb hvÎvi
gv‡bvbœq‡b weÁvb I
cÖhyw³i ¸iæZ¡ †evSv
I cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 152
¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wkÿvm~wP ev welqe¯‘ g~j¨vqb

g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ cybwj©L‡bi cieZx© KvR nj cybwj©wLZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b cÖPwjZ
wkÿvm~wP ev welqe¯‘ KZUzKz Dc‡hvMx Zv g~j¨vqb K‡i †`Lv|
welqe¯‘ g~j¨vq‡bi GKwU mvgwMÖK iƒc‡iLv wb‡Pi Q‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:
wbYv©qK g~j¨vqb Kvh©µ‡g m¤¢ve¨ g~j¨vqb DcKiY Kvw•ÿZ Dˇii aib
mnvqZvKvix we‡kl‡Ái
†kÖwYwefvM
1. D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_  wkÿvµg we‡klÁ  eÜ cÖ‡kœvËwiKv n¨vu/bv I cÖvmw½K wjwLZ
welqe¯‘i  welq we‡klÁ DËi
cÖvmw½KZv  AwfÁ wkÿK
2. Avc-Uz-†WU †bm  welq we‡klÁ  cÖ‡kœvËwiKv n¨vu/bv gy³ DËi
3. wkÿv_x© I Zvi  wkÿv g‡bvweÁvbx  †iwUs †¯‹j `ye©jZv m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kKv
cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_  wkÿK cÖwkÿK  we‡kølY QK I `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq
cÖvmw½KZv  AwfÁ wkÿK
4. welqe¯‘i fvimvg¨  welq we‡klÁ  cÖ‡kœvËwiKv n¨vu/bv gšÍe¨ civgk©
 wkÿv g‡bvweÁvbx  Ávb
 wkÿvµg we‡klÁ  `„wófw½ MVb
 AwfÁ wkÿK  `ÿZv
 hv wkÿv_x©i Kv‡Ri
mv‡_ m¤úK©h³y
welqe¯‘ g~j¨vqb welqK cÖ‡kœvËwiKv
welqe¯‘/ˆewkó¨ DËi
n¨vu bv
1. D‡Ïk¨ I welqe¯‘i g‡a¨ m¤úK© Av‡Q wK?
2. welqe¯‘i h_v_©Zv I wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv Av‡Q wK?
3. welqe¯‘ hyw³wm×fv‡e web¨¯Í wK?
4. wkÿv_x©i gvbwmK cwic°Zv, JrmyK¨ BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ g‡bvweÁvbxi w`K
†_‡K cÖvmw½K wK bv?
5. fvlvi weï×Zv, Dchy³Zv I wPÎ h_v_© wK bv?
6. h_v_©Zv cvi¯úh© iÿv K‡i wkLb Kvhv©w` web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q wK bv?
7. welqe¯‘¸‡jv Kvh©Kifv‡e wkÿv_x©i Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e wK?
8. welqe¯‘ mgKvjxb Rxe‡bi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y h_v_© wK bv?
9. welqe¯‘ wkÿv_x© I Zvi cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© wK bv?
10. welqe¯‘ wkÿv_x©i Kv‡Q Avb›``vqK wK bv?

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 153

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb - 8.4

eû wbev©Pbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. welqe¯‘i weï×Zv m¤ú‡K© Kvi gZvgZ me‡P‡q †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨?
K. g‡bvweÁvbx L. welq we‡klÁ
M. wkÿvµg we‡klÁ N. g~j¨vqb we‡klÁ
2. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b †Kvb †ÿ‡Î we‡klÁ‡`i gZvgZ Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o?
K. wkÿK‡`i gZvgZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bv n‡j
L. wkÿv_x©‡`i Pvwn`v wbiƒcY m¤¢e bv n‡j
M. wkÿK‡`i cÖwkÿY mgvß bv n‡j
N. gvV chv©‡q cixÿv-wbixÿv bv n‡j
3. GLv‡b †KvbwU‡K wØgyLx †KŠkj ejv n‡q‡Q?
K. kÖeY L. †Wjwd
M. mvÿvrKvi N. gZvgZ `vb
4. †KvbwU ÔcÖfveKvixÕ `j?
K. ivRbxwZKMY
L. we‡klÁMY
M. wkÿKMY
N. wkÿv_x©MY

mwVK DËi: 1. L, 2. N, 3. M, 4. K|

mswÿß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b KLb we‡klÁM‡Yi gZvgZ AZ¨vek¨K n‡q c‡o?
2. wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ g~j¨vqbKvix †K †K n‡Z cv‡ib?
3. wkÿvµg mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Q wK bv †m m¤^‡Ü Kvi gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv DwPZ?
4. wkÿvµg ms¯‹v‡i cÖfveKvix `j Kx f~wgKv iv‡L?
5. kÖeY I mvÿvrKvi Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. wkÿvµg cwigvR©‡b we‡klÁ wbe©vPb cÖwµqv Ges Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi cÖwµqv¸‡jv
eY©bv Kiæb|
2. wkÿvµg g~j¨vq‡b Kx Kx ai‡bi AwfgZ cÖ`vb QK e¨envi Kiv hvq D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
BDwbU- 8 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 154