LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS

Objective: In this lesson, the learners will be able to represent real – life situations
using functions.

I. Discussion of Lesson:
    A relation is a rule that relates values for a set of values, called domain, to a second
set of values called range. A relation is a set of ordered pairs.
    A function is a relation defined as a set of ordered pairs x, y where no two or more
distinct ordered pairs have the same first element, x. That is, every value of x
corresponds to a unique value of y.

Example 1: Which among the following are functions and which are merely relations.
Explain briefly.
1. 1, 2, 2,1, 3, 0,(4, -1)               3. -3, 2, -2, 3, 1, 4,(1, 5)
2. 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1,(2, 1)       

Solutions: 
1. Function because no ordered pair have the same first element with different
second element.
2. Function because no ordered pair have the same first element.
3. Relation because there are two sets of ordered pairs have the same first element
with different second element.
   
II. Activities:
Activity 1 Identify the ordered pairs which makes the following set of ordered pairs a
relation.
Example: 2, 2, 2,1, 3, 0,(4, -1)        Answer: (2, 2) and (2, 1)
1. 4, 2, 4,1, 3, 0,(2, -1)            ___________________________________
2. -3, -1, -2, 6, 1, 3,(1, -2)        ___________________________________
3. 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 2,(8, 5)            ___________________________________
4. 4, -3, 4, -2, 2, -1,(2, 0)            ___________________________________
5. 0, 5, 1, 4, 1, 3,(1, 2)                 ___________________________________
6. 0, 5, 1, 4, 2, 3,(2, 2)                 ___________________________________
7. 2, -5, 1,- 4, 1, 3,(0, 2)             ___________________________________
8. 3, 5, 2, 4, 2, 3,(2, 2)                 ___________________________________
9. -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2,(1, 3)                 ___________________________________
10. 0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 5,(2, 7)                 ___________________________________

Activity 2 Identify if the given set of ordered pairs is a function or merely a relation.
Write function if it is a function or relation if not. Then, explain your answers briefly.
1. 4, 2, 3, 7, 4, 1,(0, 6)
 2. -3, 1, -2, 2, -1, 3,(-1, -2)

3. 0, 0, 5, 0, 8, 2,(8, 5)   

4. 4, 2, 4, 7, 4, 1,(4, 6)

5. 0, 3, 1, 3, 2, 3,(3, 3)

III. References:
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/glynpanda/general-mathematics-module-1-review-
on-functions
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/lizamagalso/introduction-to-functions-grade-
11general-mathematics
https://www.academia.edu/3681500/General_Mathematics_Learners_Material_Depar
tment_of_Education_Republic_of_the_Philippines
 LESSON 2: EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
Objective: In this lesson, the learners will be able to evaluate functions.

I. Discussion of Lesson:
    In evaluating function, replace the variable in the function with a value from the function’s
domain and then compute for the result.

Example 1: Evaluate the following functions at x=2.

a. fx=3x+1    b. gx=x2+4x+4    c. hx=x+2    d. px=3x-1x

Solutions: Substituting 2 for x in the functions above, we have:   

a. f2=32+1=7     b. g2=22+42+4=16    c. h2=2+2=2   
 d. p2=32-12=52 or 2 ½ 

Example 2: Find h(-3) and p0 as define in Example 1.

Solutions: This is not possible since – 3 is not the domain of hx and 0 is not in the domain of px.

Example 3: Evaluate the following functions where functions f and g are as defined in Example
1.
a. f3x+1        b. gx+3
Solutions: a. f3x+1=33x+1+1=9x+3+1=9x+4

II. Activities: 
Activity 1 Evaluate the following functions at x=-3:
a. fx=2x-5                    b. gx=2x2-4x+2   

c. hx=x2+3x+2                d. px=x2-1x-2

 e. qx=x2-4

Activity 2 Evaluate the following functions where fx=2x2-3x+1:

a. f2a                        b. f6a+1       

c. fa+1                        d. fb-1                       

e. fa+b
 III. References:
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/glynpanda/general-mathematics-module-1-review-on-
functions
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/lizamagalso/introduction-to-functions-grade-11general-
mathematics
https://www.academia.edu/3681500/General_Mathematics_Learners_Material_Departmen
t_of_Education_Republic_of_the_Philippines

LESSON 3: OPERATION OF FUNCTIONS 

Objective: In this lesson, the learners will be able to perform operations on functions.

I. Discussion of Lesson:
    In adding function, arranged the terms of the functions to be added, and add similar terms. In
subtracting functions, change the signs of the subtrahend and then add the result.
    To multiply functions, multiply each term of the first function to every term of the second
function and then add the result.
    To divide functions, multiply the first function to the reciprocal of the second function. If the
numerator and the denominator of the result are factorable, factor them out and cancel out
the common factors between them, then compute the result 
Example:  Do the indicated operations given the functions fx=2x2-6x+4, gx=x2-9 and hx=x2-4x.
a. f+hx        b. g-hx            c. f+g-hx                d. f•gx
e. g÷hx        f. f○g  x
Solutions: 
a. f+hx=fx+gx=2x2-6x+4+x2-9
=2x2+x2-6x+4-9=3x2-6x-5
b. g-hx=gx-hx=x2-9-x2-4x
                                                  =x2-9-x2+4x=x2-x2+4x-9=4x-9
c. f+g-hx = fx+gx-hx=2x2-6x+4+x2-9 –x2-4x
=2x2-6x+4+x2-9–x2+4x
                                    =2x2+x2-x2-6x+4x+4-9=2x2-2x-5

d. f•gx=fx•gx= 2x2-6x+4x2-9=2x4-18x2-6x2+54x+4x2-36
  =2x4-20x2+54x-36
e. g÷hx=gx÷hx=x2-91x2-4x=x2-9 x2-4x=(x-2)(x+2)x(x-4) or x2-9 x2-4x
e. f○gx=f(gx=fx2-9=2x2-92-6x2-9+4
                                         =2x4-18x2+81-6x2-54+4=2x4-36x2+162-6x2-50 
=2x4-42x2+112   

II. Activities:
Activity 1 Let f and g defined as fx=x2+4x+4, and gx=x2-4. Find
a. f+gx                        b. f-gx       

c. g-fx                        d. f•gx

e. fgx                        f. g÷fx

 Activity 2 Let fx=x2-3x, and gx=x-3. Find
a. g○fx                        b. g○gx

    c. f○fx                            d. f○gx

III. References:
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/glynpanda/general-mathematics-module-1-review-on-
functions
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/lizamagalso/introduction-to-functions-grade-11general-
mathematics
https://www.academia.edu/3681500/General_Mathematics_Learners_Material_Departmen
t_of_Education_Republic_of_the_Philippines