Martial law has been considered as the most controversial era of our history after

independence. Describe nation building has been affected by the declaration.

A brief review on the Martial law being declared in the Philippines. At 7:17 pm on
September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of
the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man
rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 24,
1986. By declaring martial law, Marcos suspended the writ of habeas corpus and also the 1935
Constitution, dissolved Congress and padlocked the doors to the Batasang Pambansa, and
assuming both legislative and executive powers. Proclamation No. 1081 was dated September
21, 1972 but it was actually signed on September 17. When in martial law, the military gained
all powers of the state, including to dissolve the parliament and suspend the constitution as it
did in its fifth announcement. Under martial law, the only legal framework within the Egyptian
territory is the numbered announcements from the military.

Martial law has been considered as the most controversial era of our history because it
is a law administered by the military rather than a civilian government and it may be declared in
an emergency or response to a crisis, or to control occupied territory. By declaring it, the
military has the authority and power to control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil
law by a government, especially in response to a temporary emergency where civil forces are
overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory.
As martial law declared by former president Marcos wherein he imposed martial law on the
nation from 1972 to 1981 to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of a communist
takeover following a series of bombings in Manila. Based on some articles there were reasons
why the Marcos administration declared Martial law reasons expressed by the Marcos
administration, saying that martial law: was a response to various leftist and rightist plots
against the Marcos administration; was just the consequence of political decay after American-
style democracy failed to take root in Philippine society; and was a reflection of Filipino
society's history of authoritarianism and supposed need for iron-fisted leadership.
How the nation building has been affected by the declaration? It affects the normal life of every
Filipino because it is controlled by military, they are not living in a normal way thus others says
that Martial Law isn’t a negative thing. In fact, it was meant to be a government-saver in times
of crisis. The military takes control to resolve an insurgency or impose curfews to prevent any
riots or buildup of underground protests.
Compare the accomplishments of the Philippines with other countries in South East Asia
during the period 1950-1990s.

Historically, The Philippines underwent colonial rule under the United States from 1898
to 1946, and Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1944. The country regained independence,
including full control of foreign affairs and diplomatic matters, on 4 July 1946. Commonwealth
Act No. 732 was passed creating the Department of Foreign Affairs. Shortly thereafter,
President Manuel Roxas issued on September 16 of that year Executive Order No. 18 providing
for the organization and operation of the DFA and the Foreign Service. The main tasks of the
DFA then were to assist in post-war rehabilitation, formulate policies for investment promotion,
and establish diplomatic relations with other countries.

The DFA led in the conclusion of the RP-U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty, as well as in the
Laurel-Langley Agreement, thus paving the way for a balanced yet robust trade and military
relations with the United States.

The DFA had a heyday during the post-war years, with its increased participation in the
international arena. It became a founding member of the United Nations and one of the
drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It helped forge the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The country was also an early proponent of decolonization and
global disarmament. The Philippines' dynamic participation in global matters culminated in
Carlos P. Romulo's election as the first Asian President of the UN General Assembly in 1952. At
that time, the international environment began to change, requiring that new thrusts and
priorities in Philippine foreign policy be determined. During the Cold War era, against the
backdrop of the Korean War and rising communism in China, the Philippines pursued an
increasing internationalist foreign policy.

Realizing the importance of foreign relations, President Elpidio Quirino in June 1952
pushed for the passage of the Foreign Service Act of 1952, embodied in Republic Act No. 708.
During the post-war period, the DFA focused on institution building, closer engagement with
Asian neighbors, and increasing Philippine global linkages. When he became Undersecretary of
Foreign Affairs under the Magsaysay Administration, Raul S. Manglapus instituted the Foreign
Service Officers’ Examinations to professionalize the Foreign Service and to upgrade the
recruitment and selection of new Foreign Service officers.

The Marcos years, from 1965 to 1986, were marked by policy innovations and then
difficulties brought about by the excesses of the martial law regime. President Ferdinand
Marcos redefined foreign policy as the safeguarding of territorial integrity and national dignity,
and emphasized increased regional cooperation and collaboration. He stressed "Asianness"
and pursued a policy of constructive unity and co-existence with other Asian states, regardless
of ideological persuasion. In 1967, the Philippines launched a new initiative to form a regional
association with other Southeast Asian countries called the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN). The Philippines also normalized economic and diplomatic ties with China and
the USSR, which President Marcos visited in 1975 and 1976, respectively. The Philippines also
opened embassies in the eastern bloc countries, as well as a separate mission to the European
Common Market in Brussels.

Throughout the 1970s, the DFA pursued the promotion of trade and investments,
played an active role in hosting international meetings, and participated in the meetings of the
Non-Aligned Movement. The Foreign Service Institute was created in 1976 to provide in-house
training to Foreign Service personnel.

The EDSA Revolution in 1986 saw the re-establishment of a democratic government

under President Corazon Aquino. During this period, the DFA once again pursued development
diplomacy, in the active pursuit of opportunities abroad in the vital areas of trade, investment,
finance, technology and aid. The Philippines became one of the founding members of the Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in November 1989, and an active player in regional efforts
to establish the ASEAN Free Trade Area. In the 1990s, more diplomatic missions were
established in the Middle East to improve existing ties with Arab states and to respond to the
growing needs of Overseas Filipino workers in the region.

In 1991, heeding the growing nationalist sentiments among the public, the Philippine
Senate voted against the extension of the RP-U.S. Military Bases Agreement, thus putting to a
close the decades-old presence of the U.S. military at Subic Bay and Clark Field. Also in 1991,
President Aquino signed into law the new Foreign Service Act of 1991 (R.A. 7157), which
reorganized the Department along geographic lines and strengthened the Foreign Service. It
instituted a Career Minister Eligibility Examination as a requirement for promotion of senior
FSOs to the rank of Career Ministers, thereby ensuring the professional selection of those who
would eventually rise to the level of career ambassadors.
From second next to Japan in 1965, how we became second at the bottom with Bangladesh in
the 1990s.

When Ferdinand Marcos imposed martial law and assumed dictatorial powers in
September 1972, he proclaimed, not only to suppress insurrection and rebellion, but to build a
“new society”, presumably a society in which Filipinos would equitably share in the befits of
economic development and progress. After he was toppled from power and driven into exile by
“people power” in February 1986, it was evident that the Marcos dictatorship was a total
failure according to the standards the dictator himself had self his regime to be judged.
One-man rule in the Philippines rode on the wave of authoritarianism that swept the
Third World in the late 1960s. Because the promise of economic and political development was
not forthcoming, it was thought that economic modernization could be better, faster, and more
easily achieved via path of authoritarianism even if I meant sacrificing the democratic ideal. By
the 1980s, authoritarian rule had come to be realized as worse that the disease it was meant to
cure. Not only was it unstable to solve the problems of poverty and underdevelopment, but it
aggravated them.
With this happening during the Marcos regime, the economic development of the
country slow down and it really affects the socio-economic of the Philippines thus became the
second at the bottom with Bangladesh. Despite of this event, it can be said that it is in the hand
of the government that can be ruled during this time. This is the manifestation that this time
there is no freedom and democracy at all instead it is in the hand of the government to govern
the people in the Philippines.